油溶性降黏剂降黏性能研究

针对胜利油田现河稠油,研究了7种油溶性降黏剂(Y-1～Y-7)及其复配体系的降黏性能,考察了降黏剂加量、原油含水率对降黏效果的影响,研究了降黏剂对蒸汽驱油效果的影响。结果表明:当油溶性降黏剂质量分数小于5%时,原油降黏率随降黏剂加量的增加而迅速增大,之后增加缓慢,加量为15%时的降黏率可达90%以上(Y-4除外)。Y-3和Y-7按质量比1:1复配后的降黏效果最好,总加量5%、10%时的原油降黏率分别为76.1%和93.14%。不含降黏剂时,随原油含水率增加原油黏度先增加后降低,原油含水50%时的黏度是不含水原油的3.9倍,形成W/O型乳状液。不同含水率下,加入降黏剂后原油黏度大幅降低;随含水率增加,原油降黏率先降低后增加,含水率10%时达到最低(Y-1除外)。稠油蒸汽驱前注入0.009～0.027 PV油溶性降黏剂,采收率增幅为2.8%～6.0%。     

基于正交设计的超声波稠油降黏实验

基于超声稠油降黏实验平台对西部某油田原油进行降黏,利用正交实验法,考察了不同因素对超声降黏效果的影响,并利用SEM表征探讨了超声作用降黏的机理.实验结果表明,针对本工作的稠油油样,影响降黏率的因素大小顺序为油样稀稠比>超声波作用时间>测量温度>超声样机电功率,最佳降黏条件为:油样稀稠比1:3、超声波作用时间10 s、测...     

吉林扶余油田稠油乳化降黏实验研究

针对典型油样进行组分分析,找出原油中影响黏度的主要因素。采用A型水溶性降黏剂进行乳化降黏实验,通过静态评价试验,研究了水溶性A型降黏剂与原油之间形成乳状液的稳定性和粒径分布、油水界面张力、降黏率及洗油率,考察了该降黏剂降黏效果。实验结果表明:原油中蜡含量迭14.7%,高含蜡是影响原油黏度的主要因素;降黏剂浓度越大,乳状液分水率越低,乳状液粒径分布越集中,油水界面张力越低,乳状液越稳定;油水比越大,分水率随降黏剂浓度变化越显著;随降黏剂浓度增大和油水比降低,降黏率逐渐升高,降黏率最高可达91.5%;该降黏剂有较好的洗油效果,洗油率为61.1%。     

原油乳状液的稳定性及其流变性

配制了一系列油水比不同的原油乳状液,并考察了原油乳状液的黏度和黏弹性。结果表明：原油乳状液含水率越大,分散相液滴体积越小,原油乳状液的黏度越大;当含水率低于30%时,原油乳状液呈现牛顿流体行为,黏度随温度和剪切速率的变化不是很明显;含水率超过30%时,原油乳状液呈现非牛顿流体行为,黏度随温度和剪切速率的变化较明显;含水率越大,原油乳状液的线性黏弹区越小,结构越不稳定,乳状液也越不稳定;加入破乳剂后,原油乳状液的黏度降低;含水率越大,原油乳状液脱水率越大,乳状液越不稳定。     

大庆西部斜坡稠油地层流动性影响因素实验研究

针对大庆西部斜坡稠油在开采过程中与地层水和注入水乳化生成高黏的油包水型乳状液降低地层流动性的问题,通过流变性实验和岩心流动实验,研究了乳化、温度及地层渗透率对稠油黏度和地层流动性的影响规律,明确了原油在地层中流动困难的原因及改善流动性的技术方向。结果表明：含水乳化和温度是影响其黏度的主要因素,温度由30℃上升至120℃,脱水稠油黏度降低了95.5%;当含水率低于70%时,原油与水形成油包水型乳状液,含水率越大黏度越大,含水率为70%的稠油的黏度是脱水黏度的30倍左右;地层渗透率、温度及含水乳化对原油地层流动性具有显著的影响,地层渗透率越低、温度越低、含水乳化越严重,原油流动性越差,不同温度和含水率下的采油指数相差可达10倍以上。因此,促使含水稠油乳状液转相是油田降黏增产的有效途径。研究成果对同类油藏开发具有重要的指导意义。      

风城浅层超稠油油藏原位催化改质降黏技术

针对风城浅层超稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐中后期采用微生物、水热催化、气体辅助等降黏方式开采效果均不佳的问题,进行了超稠油催化改质降黏技术研究。通过催化裂解实验分析了风城油田重18井区油样在4.5 MPa、100～220℃条件下使用催化剂和供氢剂后的降黏效果,采用双管并联驱油实验得到了催化改质剂辅助蒸汽驱油效果及原油组分变化。结果表明：220℃时,单独使用催化剂降黏率可达50%,加供氢剂后降黏率可达90%以上;催化改质剂辅助蒸汽驱后原油降黏率可达88.5%,采出油中C25以上组分含量由54.4%降至37%,原油轻质化明显。对1口低产蒸汽吞吐井开展现场试验,实施后周期产油增加387 t,油汽比提高了0.34,取得较好的应用效果。研究表明,原位催化改质降黏技术可促使原油发生不可逆降黏,可大幅度降低稠油黏度,提高开发效果,建议进一步推广应用。     

新疆油田原油黏度特性对集输工艺的影响

应用高温高压落球黏度计对新疆油田原油及其含水油样在不同温度、压力下进行黏度测定,得到新疆油田原油黏度—温度曲线、黏度—压力曲线以及原油黏度与含水率关系。研究结果表明,原油黏度随温度增加而大幅度下降,随压力升高呈现类似线性趋势增加,在高温时,压力对原油黏度影响小;原油黏度随含水率增加呈先增后降低趋势,在某一含水率时存在极大值。将实验结果应用于原油集输过程,低含水期原油集输采用添加高温处理水工艺;中高含水期集输,可以对油田集输工艺进行改造,拆除加热工艺和掺高温处理水工艺,采用不加热原油集输技术。     

高黏稠油生物降黏驱替技术实验研究

为有效降低高黏区稠油黏度,改善开发效果,提高原油采收率,通过对微生物降解机理的分析与研究,在实验条件下模拟了生物驱油技术,筛选出高效菌种,探讨微生物驱油技术的菌种用量、处理时间、处理效果,筛选出适用于微生物降黏菌种的复配比例。实验表明:QY-1、QY-2、QY-3菌种降黏效果较强,降黏率大于65.00%;当菌种按照1∶1∶1的比例进行复配实验时,原油降黏率达到73.58%,降黏效果优于任意单一菌种;按照最优复配比例进行驱替,增产率平均值可达到24.8%。该研究对高黏稠油油田的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

辽河稠油乳化降黏剂的室内研究及现场应用

为解决辽河油田掺稀降黏费用高的问题,研制LY-5型稠油降黏剂,对该降黏剂进行大量评价实验,优选出最佳加剂量1 000 mg/L,加剂后原油在50℃下黏度为87.2 m Pa·s(原始黏度4 919 m Pa·s),降黏剂对管线及井筒无腐蚀,对联合站脱水无影响。对曙采五区16口井运用连续点滴加入降黏剂方式进行施工,加入降黏剂后原油黏度降至100 m Pa·s以下,电流、载荷等参数下降,单井年增效为58万元,投入产出比为7.8,达到降成本代替掺稀降黏的目的。为辽河油田千万吨稳产提供有力技术支持,对稠油低成本开发有重要意义。     

辽河稠油乳化降黏剂的性能评价

通过实验研制出适合辽河稠油的LY-5型乳化降黏剂,分析降黏机理并对温度、加剂浓度、时间和含水率等影响因素进行了评价,对配伍性及腐蚀性进行了测试。结果表明:LY-5降黏剂中极性高渗助剂解离胶质沥青质网状构架,稠油形成小颗粒,降黏剂的表面活性成分在小颗粒表面形成一层膜,阻止胶质沥青质再次积聚形成网状结构,达到稳定降低稠油黏度的目的。辽河稠油中胶质沥青质质量分数大于45%,地层水矿化度不大,LY-5型降黏剂最佳加剂质量浓度1 000 mg/L,加剂后原油在50℃下黏度在100 m Pa·s以下,降黏率达到99.8%且稳定,达到油井举升条件,乳状液随温度升高黏度增大,水的质量分数在20%~70%具有最佳降黏效果。降黏剂具有一定的缓蚀性,加量为5%时,缓蚀率可达100%,且对联合站水处理无影响。     

A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION TREATMENT USING ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION

The need for better understanding of asphaltene behavior in the crude oil and treatment techniques of its deposition in porous medium has been recognized but still requires extensive research and experimental activities. The ambitious goals of this study are to investigate: (1) influences of using ultrasonic irradiation on asphaltene behavior in the UAE crude oil, with consideration of solvent and temperature effects; and (2) influences of ultrasonic irradiation characteristics such as frequency and time interval on damaged oil permeability (due to asphaltene deposition) of carbonate reservoir rocks. To achieve the above-mentioned goals, three groups of experiments using ultrasonic irradiation were carried out. In the first group, 18 identical crude oil samples of 2.47 wt% initial asphaltene content were subjected to different time intervals of ultrasonic irradiation of 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 min and under different temperatures of 25, 40 and 60°C, respectively. Oil viscosity was measured and microscopic images of the centrifugated oil samples of asphaltene clusters were obtained. In the second set of experiments, 12 identical crude oil samples with different toluene concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 vol% were subjected to four different durations of ultrasonic irradiation and under different temperatures. In the third group, seven actual carbonate core samples of damaged oil permeability due to the injection of 60 pore volumes of asphaltic crude oil were subjected to different ultrasonic time interval of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min and frequencies of 10, 15 and 20 kHz, respectively. Both the oil permeability of these samples was measured and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were carried out before and after the ultrasonic irradiation process. The results showed that subjection of the UAE crude oil to ultrasonic irradiation decreases the size of asphaltene clusters. Consequently, this effect reduces asphaltene tendency to precipitate at 10 min or more time interval of ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, similar results were obtained with solvent effect, but with more reduction in oil viscosity. The results also indicated that the increase of ultrasonic time interval and/or frequency drastically improve(s) damaged oil permeability.     

A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF ASPHALTENE DEPOSITION TREATMENT USING ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION

ABSTRACT

The need for better understanding of asphaltene behavior in the crude oil and treatment techniques of its deposition in porous medium has been recognized but still requires extensive research and experimental activities. The ambitious goals of this study are to investigate: (1) influences of using ultrasonic irradiation on asphaltene behavior in the UAE crude oil, with consideration of solvent and temperature effects; and (2) influences of ultrasonic irradiation characteristics such as frequency and time interval on damaged oil permeability (due to asphaltene deposition) of carbonate reservoir rocks. To achieve the above-mentioned goals, three groups of experiments using ultrasonic irradiation were carried out. In the first group, 18 identical crude oil samples of 2.47 wt% initial asphaltene content were subjected to different time intervals of ultrasonic irradiation of 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 min and under different temperatures of 25, 40 and 60°C, respectively. Oil viscosity was measured and microscopic images of the centrifugated oil samples of asphaltene clusters were obtained. In the second set of experiments, 12 identical crude oil samples with different toluene concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 vol% were subjected to four different durations of ultrasonic irradiation and under different temperatures. In the third group, seven actual carbonate core samples of damaged oil permeability due to the injection of 60 pore volumes of asphaltic crude oil were subjected to different ultrasonic time interval of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min and frequencies of 10, 15 and 20 kHz, respectively. Both the oil permeability of these samples was measured and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were carried out before and after the ultrasonic irradiation process. The results showed that subjection of the UAE crude oil to ultrasonic irradiation decreases the size of asphaltene clusters. Consequently, this effect reduces asphaltene tendency to precipitate at 10 min or more time interval of ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, similar results were obtained with solvent effect, but with more reduction in oil viscosity. The results also indicated that the increase of ultrasonic time interval and/or frequency drastically improve(s) damaged oil permeability.     

油水乳化作用对潜油电泵黏温特性的影响

利用7种不同含水比率的油水乳化液,在不同温度条件下对3种型号的潜油电泵进行了实验研究,分析了原油的黏度和温度对潜油电泵特性的影响规律。结果表明,每种泵型对应一个极限工作黏度,油水乳化液作为一种流动介质对电泵特性的影响通过乳化作用使原油黏度急剧变化表现出来,温度通过原油黏度对电泵特性参数产生影响。     

调剖效果影响因素的室内研究

注水井调剖是油田控水稳油的重要措施,为进一步提高调剖的效果,利用平板岩心模型研究了岩心非均质性、调剖时的含水率及原油粘度对调剖效果的影响。结果表明:虽然调剖剂用量越大,采收率增值越高,但调剖存在一个最低用量和最佳用量,低于最低用量或超过最佳用量后,增加调剖剂的用量对采收率的影响不大;调剖时的含水率越低,调剖效果越好;当平面非均质模型含水率小于60%、纵向非均质模型含水率大于50%时,含水率对调剖效果影响不大;当原油的粘度增加时,调剖的贡献率先增加后减小。     

高含水原油旋流预脱水及污水除油试验与研究

为处理含水率≥ 90 %的高含水原油 ,将两级液 液旋流器串接 ,在东辛采油厂辛二接转站进行了旋流预脱水和污水除油一体化现场试验。通过改进旋流器结构和优化试验参数 ,在处理量为 4～ 6m3/h的小型改进装置上初步达到了预期目标。随后开展了一体化工艺的工程应用及配套研究 ,通过在辛二接转站一期和二期示范工程的实施 ,最终实现了中石油集团公司提出的技术攻关目标 :两级旋流器处理后的原油含水率≤ 30 % ;污水含油≤ 30mg/L     

高含水油井新型防蜡降粘剂HW—01

本文介绍了根据高含水油井采出液特点研制的高含水油井新型防蜡降粘剂ＨＷ０１，给出了ＨＷ０１的乳化降粘性能、对水包油型原油乳状液油珠聚结温度的降低作用、防蜡效果以及以ＨＷ０１为乳化剂配制的水包油型原油乳状液的热沉降脱水性能，并与ＡＥ１９１０进行了比较。本文还探讨了高含水油井防蜡降粘剂的作用机理，提出了高含水油井防蜡降粘剂研制开发的新思路。     

强磁场作用下原油降粘及其应用

本文论述高磁能积永磁材料钕铁硼(Nd-Fe-B)出现后,磁技术在石油开采与输送方面的应用。采用内聚式强磁场对原油作磁场处理,其平均降粘率可达40～55%,提高输送能力10%以上,延长采油井清蜡周期10～20倍。作者根据能量转换原理,推导了从强磁场能量到剪切力的转换关系式。认为:在强磁场作用下,原油介质中剪切力的变化,是粘度下降的主要原因。     

塔河油田超深井井筒掺稀降粘技术研究

基于热量传递原理和两相流动理论,建立了井筒掺稀油降粘工艺中产液沿井筒流动与传热的热力学模型。计算了产液沿井筒的温度分布和压力分布,同时进行了不同掺稀条件下降粘的室内实验。运用该模型结合实验结果对塔河油田稠油井掺稀降粘效果进行了计算,分析了不同工艺参数对掺稀降粘效果的影响。结果表明,井筒掺稀油降粘工艺适合于含水率低于20%的油井,开式掺稀油反循环比开式掺稀油正循环生产更有利于提高降粘效果,塔河油田井筒掺稀降粘合理的掺稀比率为1:2至1:1。     

Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on rheological properties of asphaltenic crude oils

In this work, the rheological changes of several crude oil samples exposed to ultrasonic waves for different time intervals in addition to the effect of temperature on viscosity behavior of heavy crude oils were investigated using a series of steady shear flow and oscillatory tests. The colloidal structural evolutions of flocs in oil samples were illustrated by analysis of the size distribution of flocculated asphaltene particles (confocal microscopy tests). The rheological investigations indicate that the ultrasonic irradiation dissolved heavy components in crude oil. After ultrasonic treatment, the Kouh-e-Mond crude oil was found to be pseudoplastic. In addition, confocal microscopy confirms that there was an optimum duration for ultrasonic irradiation, at which the viscosity and flocculation rate of asphaltenic crude oils reduced to the minimum values. The optimum was found to be approximately 40 min for the Kouh-e-Mond crude oil. Experimental results illustrate that the ultrasonic irradiation could disaggregate heavy colloid components in crude oil, and breakdown of asphaltene molecules would only occur in a specific time interval of irradiation. Also according to the temperature sweep test, the oil temperature rise caused by ultrasonic irradiation was not the main reason for rheological changes of the crude oil and this alteration may be due to physical and chemical phenomena induced by sonication in crude oil.     

海上高含水稠油油藏治理对策研究

为探究海上高含水稠油油藏的治理方法,针对海上稠油油藏储层物性好、水利能量充足、单井产液量高、原油黏度高和油井高含水等特点,通过建立井组地质模型,采用油藏数值模拟方法,研究不同驱替开采方式和注采参数对抑制、延缓底水锥进的效果.研究发现:(1)针对海上稠油油藏的敏感性分析,注入介质＞地层倾角＞渗透率韵律＞级差;(2)0.2...