铝锆炭滑板中锆莫来石分解的显微结构研究

本文从显微结构角度研究了宝钢３００ｔ钢包铝锆炭滑板使用后锆莫来石分解的情况。锆莫来石分解后氧化锆游离出来并形成（ＺｒＯ２·Ａｌ２Ｏ３）Ｃ聚集体,锆莫来石分解导致滑板结构疏松、熔损加快,因此滑板中不加入锆莫来石而加入氧化锆或锆刚玉有利于提高使用寿命     

锆英石加入物对MgO－CaO系材料结构与性能的影响

研究了锆英石加入物对ＭｇＯ－ＣａＯ系材料显微结构的影响和ＺｒＯ２、ＳｉＯ２与ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ的结合方式及特性。探讨了锆英石加入物对材料抗水化性、热震稳定性的影响机理     

熔铸锆莫来石材料的相组成及显微结构

本用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、Ｘ－射线衍射，Ｘ射线能谱分析，化学分析等手段研究了电熔铸锆莫来石材料的相组成及显微结构。结果表明：在该类材料中，相偏析仍以斜锆石相的偏析最为严重，而且主要由初晶ＺｒＯ２的偏析引起。化学分析和能谱分析结果表明：莫来石的组成接近或相当于２Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＳｉＯ２，其中（Ｍ＋Ｚ）共晶体中的莫来石固溶４．１％～８．５％的ＺｒＯ２，而游离莫来石中ＺｒＯ２固溶量＜０．７９％，晶格常数测     

化学共沉淀法制备微晶PSZ陶瓷的显微结构与力学性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备ＺｒＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ｙ２Ｏ３系和ＺｒＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ｙ２Ｏ３系均匀超细活性粉末，经化学组成和显微结构设计，获得了固溶湿度小于等于１５５０℃且致密烧结的微晶ＰＳＺ复相陶瓷，其常温抗弯强度为７６６ＭＰａ，断裂韧性Ｋ１ｃ为１２．５ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２。研究了ＭｇＯ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３以及１１００℃热处理时间对材料显微结构、相组成和力学性能的影响。     

锆莫来石-碳化硅材料反应烧结过程的研究

研究了用锆英石、氧化铝和炭黑的混合物制备原位SiC颗料复合锆莫来石材料的反应烧结进程和显微结构特征。结果表明：反应烧过程中,SiC、莫来石的生成反应滞后于锆莫来石的分解反应;反应前期,SiC的生成占主导作用。反应后期,莫来石的形成及致密化进程占主导作用;材料中存在大量气孔,ZrO3以均匀分布和聚集体两种形式分布于莫来石、SiC及玻璃相构成的基质中。     

Si－C－O－N系统相稳定性及反应烧结制备原位SiC（p）复合ZAS材料

给制了Ｓｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统平衡状态下相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和Ｏ２分压以及相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和ＳｉＯ分压的关系图；以此为指导，将原位复合引入到反应烧结锆莫来石（ＺＡＳ）材料中，制备了含原位（ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕ）ＳｉＣ（ｐ）的ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＣ（ｐ）、ＺｒＯ２－３Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＺＳｉＯ２－ＳｉＣ（ｐ）－ＳｉＣ（ｐ）复合材料。研究了烧结温度、时间、碳添加量、成型压力等工艺因素对烧结ＺｒＳｉＯ４－Ｃ体系中原位ＳｉＣ生成量的影响，并观察了试样的显微结构。     

氧化铝和锆英石合成锆刚玉莫来石材料的烧结机理

氧化铝和锆英石混合物加热过程变化可分三个阶段：①初期致密化阶段，②分解反应阶段，③重结晶烧结阶段。莫来石化反应和伴随ZrO2聚集体的封闭气孔形成是影响烧结过程的主要因素。加入Mg2＋对锆刚玉莫来石材料的烧结起着促进作用，烧结的关键阶段在1370～1420℃之间。     

锆英石对Al_2O_3 MgO系浇注料性能的影响

在Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＭｇＯ 系浇注料中,添加的锆英石在１３００ ℃时完全分解生成单斜ＺｒＯ２ 和无定形ＳｉＯ２ ,促进了试样的烧结,使试样在较低温度下可以获得较高的强度。锆英石在高温下分解时,产生的无定形ＳｉＯ２ 流出而在锆英石颗粒中留下空洞。产生的单斜ＺｒＯ２ 与尖晶石的热膨胀系数几乎相同,二者可形成高度的直接结合;而方镁石的热膨胀系数是它们的２ 倍,因此,在单斜ＺｒＯ２ 和方镁石之间、尖晶石和方镁石之间产生显微裂纹,提高了试样的热震稳定性。     

MgO与ZrSiO_4反应烧结机理研究

应用ＳＥＭ方法观察了ＭｇＯ与ＺｒＳｉＯ_４的反应烧结机理。结果表明,随着ＺｒｓｉＯ_４的分解,ＳｉＯ_２呈不定形态向外扩散,与ＭｇＯ反应生成Ｍｇ_２ＳｉＯ_４,原来的锆英石颗粒中只留下了ＺｒＯ_２,同时ＭｇＯ向ＺｒＯ_２方向移动,与ＺｒＯ_２形成有限固溶体;反应产物之一ＺｒＯ_２大部分聚集成集合体,也有一部分分布比较均匀。     

富Al2O3区域CaO行为的研究

本应用Ｄ／Ｍａｘ－３ＢＸ－射线衍射，热分析等方法研究了赋存于α－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３粉体中的含钙矿物于１００℃至１６００℃煅烧过程中的行为。在α－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３煅烧过程中，伴随着含钙矿物的热转化及固相反应，历经１２ＣａＯ·７Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·２Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３，最终ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３共存，本并提供了ＣａＯ·６Ａｌ２Ｏ３的Ｘ射线粉末衍射数据。研究     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.