The arc characteristic of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding

Many applications of ultrasonic-assisted methods were used during metal solidification, but they could not be introduced into weld pool. In this paper, a way of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding is introduced. By directly imposed ultrasonic vibration on welding arc, the vibration interacts with arc plasma and passes to the weld pool. Measurement results show that arc pressure is significantly increased with the ultrasonic vibration and the arc pressure distribution models are changed. Bead-on-plate welding tests on SUS304 confirm that this technology can influence the style of metal melting and increase weld penetration depth.     

不锈钢超声-脉冲TIG焊缝的组织与性能

超声辅助TIG焊是一种新型高效焊接方法.前期研究中采用的是直流,而实际焊接中多用脉冲.采用超声辅助脉冲TIG焊方法焊接不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti,对焊接接头的组织和性能进行了分析,讨论了焊缝熔深增加、组织细化的机理.结果表明,施加超声振动后,焊缝熔深增加1倍以上,焊缝区组织细化,基值电流期间电弧压缩明显,接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率都有所提高.分析认为声流力是焊缝熔深增加的主要动力,声空化与声流搅拌的共同作用使焊缝组织细化.     

Analysis of weld pool vibration characteristics in pulsed gas metal arc welding

Using highspeed camera image measuring and processing, the contour of the weld pool was extracted accurately in pulsed metal inert gas (P-MIG) welding. Based on this extraction method, time and frequency domain characteristics at different points along the contour of the weld pool were analyzed for one pulse one droplet and one pulse two droplets, respectively. The results show that, because of the wave super position that was created by the pulsed arc and droplet impacting the weld pool, the oscillation amplitude along the weld pool fluctuated and decreased with an increase in distance from the point to the arc center. The oscillation near the arc center was complex and intense for one pulse two droplets, and the amplitude were relatively small because the oscillation caused by the pulsed arc could be offset by the molten droplet impact. The weld pool oscillation that was caused by the pulsed arc was stronger than that caused by the droplet.     

脉冲电流对气体保护焊铝合金焊接接头的温度、焊缝和性能的影响

比较了在恒电流和脉冲电流条件下,气体保护焊铝合金接头的温度分布和焊缝外形,研究了脉冲电流对铝合金接头的拉伸性能、硬度分布、微观组织特征和残余应力分布的影响。与恒电流焊接相比,由于在熔池发生了晶粒细化,使用脉冲电流焊接可以提高焊缝的拉伸性能。     

Microstructure and porosity analysis in ultrasonic assisted TIG welding of 2014 aluminum alloy

The ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas (U-TIG)welding is a newly developed arc welding method,which is aimed at improving the weld quality and efficiency.TIG welding and U-TIG welding of 2014 aluminum alloy with 5 mm thickness were experimentally carried out in this paper.The microstructure and porosity of welded joints were analyzed.Compared with conventional TIG welding,the columnar crystals are changed into equiaxed crystals at the centre of weld zone and the grain of fusion zone in U-TIG welding is refined and equiaxed.The porosities of joint decrease after the ultrasonic was applied on the arc.The mechanism of crystal grain refiaement is discussed in this paper and the reasons of porosity decrease in U-TIG welded joint may be due to the effect of acoustic streaming and cavitation,which need further research.     

高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺性能研究

分析了高频脉冲电流对变极性焊接电弧特性、焊接工艺及焊缝性能的影响,试验结果表明,高频电流脉冲能够较大程度地压缩电弧等离子体、提高电弧轴向压力及电弧挺度,在相同焊接电流有效值的情况下,频率在5kHz以上的电流脉冲能将电弧力提高到普通变极性焊接的260%左右.同时高频脉冲电流能够提高变极性焊接的焊缝熔深,减小焊缝正面余高以及改善焊接效率.对于2219-T6时效强化铝合金而言,采用叠加10 kHz高频脉冲变极性焊接工艺,焊缝抗拉强度在未经任何焊后热处理的情况下能够达到300 MPa左右,相当于母材强度的67%.     

电弧超声的传播特征及其对熔合区的影响

利用电弧作为超声声源的电弧超声焊接技术能够细化焊缝晶粒,改善焊缝质量,为了研究电弧超声的传播特征及其对熔合区的作用机制,建立了光弹试验系统,利用光学玻璃模拟焊接工件,凹形水槽模拟焊接熔池,研究了电弧超声在熔池及工件中的传播特征,结合电弧超声的声场指向性,研究了电弧超声对熔合区不同区域组织的影响.结果表明,电弧超声在熔合线附近存在较强的振荡,超声波的力学效应细化了熔合区的晶粒组织,电弧超声指向性的存在使得熔合区中间的晶粒细化程度优于焊趾两侧.     

超薄板脉冲微束等离子弧焊温度场动态分布特征及成形控制

在模拟计算100 μm超薄不锈钢板脉冲微束等离子弧焊过程的基础上,研究了实际热源动态脉冲加载下的熔池温度场动态过程及脉冲参数对该动态过程的影响机制;研究了脉冲参数对焊缝成形的影响,对模拟计算的结果进行验证,并探讨了脉冲参数和焊接速度的匹配与焊缝成形特征的关系. 结果表明,超薄板脉冲微束等离子弧焊接的温度场变化具有周期性的波动特征和惯性特征,脉冲频率越高或基值电流/峰值电流之比较小,温度场变化的波动幅度也越大,其相对于脉冲电流变化的惯性也越大;脉冲电流下的焊缝成形有连续和不连续两种形式,这与焊接速度、峰值电流作用时的焊缝长度、脉冲频率三者之间的匹配有关;模拟计算的熔池最高温度超过熔点的持续时间与脉冲周期的比值结果较好地解释了试验得到的焊缝成形的连续程度.     

高强铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊缝成形机理

建立双脉冲VPPA(variable polarity plasma arc)焊接系统,进行7A52高强铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊接工艺试验,研究低频脉冲调制叠加高频脉冲对VPPA焊接过程中焊缝成形和焊缝力学性能的影响. 结果表明,低频脉冲周期性振荡液态熔池,可获得表面饱满的鱼鳞纹焊缝;高频脉冲使电弧更为集中,有效地提高了电弧能量密度,穿透力加强;双脉冲耦合振荡加强了对熔池的搅动作用细化了铝合金焊缝晶粒. 焊接接头抗拉强度达到384.13 MPa,相比VPPA焊接接头强度提高了10.21%左右;焊接接头断面收缩率和断后伸长率均有一定程度的提高. 铝合金双脉冲VPPA焊接工艺提高了焊接接头力学性能.     

Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Gas Tungsten Arc Weldments of Alloy C-276 by Current Pulsing

Superalloy C-276 is known to be prone to hot cracking during fusion welding by Gas Tungsten Arc method.Microsegregation occurring during cooling of fusion zone with consequent appearance of topologically close-packed phases P and l has been held responsible for the observed hot cracking. The present work investigated the possibility of suppressing the microsegregation in weldments by resorting to current pulse. Weldments were made by continuous current gas tungsten arc welding and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding using ERNi Cr Mo-4 filler wire. The weld joints were studied with respect to microstructure, microsegregation, and mechanical properties. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the microstructure. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy was carried out to evaluate the extent of microsegregation. Tensile testing was carried out to determine the strength and ductility. The results show that the joints fabricated with pulsed current gave rise to narrower welds with practically no heat affected zone, a refined microstructure in the fusion zone, reduced microsegregation, and superior combination of mechanical properties.     

双丝埋弧焊接头性能研究

在16Mn钢板上进行双丝自动埋弧焊工艺试验,得到了不同焊接速度下的焊件.对不同工艺参数下得到的焊接接头试样进行了拉伸试验、硬度测试以及金属显微组织观察,并计算了双丝自动埋弧焊时的熔敷率.结果表明:采用双丝埋弧焊得到的焊缝外形美观;金属熔敷率与焊接速度成反比;随着焊接速度的降低焊接线能量相应的增大,较长的高温停留时间会促...     

Numerical analysis of weld pool geometry in pulsed current plasma arc welding

Numerical analysis of weld pool shape and size is of great significance for selection and optimization of the process parameters in pulsed current plasma arc welding (PAW). In this paper, a mathematical model and relevant algorithm are developed to determine the temperature profiles and weld pool geometry in pulsed current PAW through employing an adaptive heat source model. The volumetric heat source consists of semi-ellipsoid at upper part and a conic body at lower part along the workpiece thickness direction. The dynamic variation features of weld pool shape during a pulse cycle are numerically simulated. The calculated weld cross-section is consistent with the measure one.     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔宽的影响

通过试验研究了Nd:YAG激光 脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接过程中焊接工艺参数对焊缝熔宽的影响.结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔宽随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的提高而减小,而光丝间距和离焦量对复合热源焊缝熔宽影响相对较小.复合热源焊缝熔宽远大于激光焊缝熔宽而仅稍大于脉冲GMAW焊缝熔宽,说明在复合热源焊接过程中脉冲GMAW决定焊缝熔宽,这主要是由于激光束加热区域远小于电弧加热区域造成的.试验结果的分析比较还表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率的增大还极大地提高了焊接速度.     

Investigation on arc sound and metal transfer modes for on-line monitoring in pulsed gas metal arc welding

The arc sound was found to be strongly related to both process parameters and weld quality, like voltage and current signals, in gas metal arc welding. In this investigation, the acquired welding arc sound signal along with current and voltage signals were analyzed in time domain as well as frequency domain to correlate them with the various process parameters and metal transfer modes. The arc sound of continuous as well as pulsed gas metal arc welding at various process parameters was also compared. A major variation of auxiliary arc sound frequency peaks was observed due to change of pulse shape as evidenced by frequency domain analysis. The arc sound was also used to detect welding defects.     

随焊超声施加方法对铝合金TIG焊缝成形影响

在铝合金TIG焊接的过程中,超声能量处理熔池可以改善焊缝成形、组织与接头力学性能.文中研究了随焊超声施加方法对铝合金TIG焊缝成形的影响,结果表明,连续施加超声会导致熔池熔体飞溅,焊缝成形不佳;间断施加超声可以有效避免熔体飞溅,焊缝成形良好.随焊超声冲击及随焊滚动超声技术均可实现间断施加超声,结果表明,尽管随焊超声冲击使熔宽变小,但是低频冲击作用对TIG焊缝成形具有副作用,会减小熔深.而采用随焊滚动超声技术,可以有效避免低频机械冲击的不利影响,焊缝熔宽变小的同时熔深也增大.     

直流叠加脉冲型TIG焊电弧─熔池特性分析

针对乏燃料后处理溶解器腐蚀裂纹等缺陷的快速、一次性、可靠焊接修复工程技术需求,提出一种直流叠加脉冲型TIG深熔焊接方法,在10和16 mm厚304不锈钢板上进行了系列平板堆焊工艺试验.以电弧-熔池特性变化为研究对象,对比分析脉冲电流作用和直流叠加脉冲型电流作用的电弧行为、熔池流动行为及温度场的变化规律,探讨了直流叠加至...     

Numerical analysis of transient keyhole shape in pulsed current plasma arc welding

Based on the characteristics of ＂one keyhole in a pulse＂ in pulsed current plasma arc welding （PAW） , the transient variation process of weld pool in a pulse cycle is simulated through the establishment of corresponding heat source model. And considering the effects of gravitational force, plasma arc pressure and surface tension on the weld pool surface, the dynamic change features of the keyhole shape in a pulse cycle are calculated by using surface deformation equation. Experiments are conducted and validate that the calctdated weld fusion line is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

聚变堆用奥氏体不锈钢不同激光输出模式熔丝特征

针对聚变堆用316LN奥氏体不锈钢材料,分别在连续激光和脉冲激光模式下进行了激光填丝焊接试验。主要研究了不同焊接工艺参数下的焊丝熔入特征及其对焊缝质量的影响,并对连续激光与脉冲激光焊接熔池流动及熔池形貌、接头的显微组织进行了研究。结果表明,连续激光填丝焊和脉冲激光填丝焊在合适的焊接工艺参数下均能获得焊丝液桥过渡,且熔池铺展均匀、焊缝成形良好。与脉冲激光填丝焊相比,连续激光填丝焊在坡口中的熔池长度约是脉冲激光填丝焊的3倍,温度梯度较大,更易产生侧壁未熔合和贯穿焊缝中心的凝固裂纹等缺陷。连续激光填丝焊的焊缝显微组织以柱状晶为主,由焊缝两边向焊缝中心生长,方向性强。脉冲激光填丝焊的焊缝两侧显微组织以柱状晶为主,各个区域都受到了相邻脉冲的重复作用,具有周期性,产生二次结晶,有助于熔池的搅动和晶粒细化,打乱了枝晶生长的方向性;焊缝中心区域为方向各异的柱状晶和等轴晶,枝晶间距减小,能够抑制裂纹的产生。 创新点： 首次提出通过脉冲激光调控结晶形态以抑制厚板焊接中裂纹的焊接工艺,可在不添加任何外部设备的基础上实现对裂纹的有效控制,打破了传统焊接工艺带来的局限性。     

超声振动辅助E40钢水下湿法焊接组织与性能

文中针对常规水下湿法焊接过程中焊缝力学性能低的问题,设计了超声振动辅助水下湿法焊接的方法. 通过超声辐射端将超声振动能量施加在电弧前方的待焊区域,进而通过工件将超声能量传递到熔池中,对比研究了超声振动对焊缝成形、微观组织及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,超声振动能够减小焊缝截面不对称,增加焊缝深宽比,使熔池发生强烈的搅拌作用,具有细化晶粒的作用,并降低熔合区处柱状结晶的倾向. 与常规水下湿法焊接相比,超声振动辅助水下湿法焊接抗拉强度明显提高,达到母材的92.4%;焊缝区显微硬度升高,热影响区硬度值变化较小.     

Optimizing pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding parameters of AA6061 aluminium alloy using Hooke and Jeeves algorithm

Though the preferred welding process to weld aluminium alloy is frequently constant current gas tungsten arc welding （CCGTAW）, it resulted in grain coarsening at the fusion zone and heat affected zone（HAZ）. Hence, pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding（PCGTAW） was performed, to yield finer fusion zone grains, which leads to higher strength of AA6061 （Al-Mg-Si） aluminium alloy joints. In order to determine the most influential control factors which will yield minimum fusion zone grain size and maximum tensile strength of the joints, the traditional Hooke and Jeeves pattern search method was used. The experiments were carried out based on central composite design with 31 runs and an algorithm was developed to optimize the fusion zone grain size and the tensile strength of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AA6061 aluminium alloy joints. The results indicate that the peak current （Ip） and base current （IB） are the most significant parameters, to decide the fusion zone grain size and the tensile strength of the AA6061 aluminum alloy joints.