两个不同品种硅酸盐水泥熟料中硫存在形式及其分布特性研究

本文主要采用XRD分析和电子探针分析技术,选取了典型的4个硅酸盐水泥生产线的熟料(Y、H厂为白色硅酸盐水泥熟料,Z、J厂为普通硅酸盐水泥熟料),研究两个不同品种的硅酸盐水泥熟料中硫的存在形式及其分布特性。研究结果显示:Y、H厂白水泥熟料中的硫主要以硫酸钙的形式存在,Z、J厂普通硅酸盐水泥熟料中的硫主要以硫酸盐或硫铝酸钙的形式存在。两种硅酸盐水泥熟料中硫的分布特性相同点是硫元素或硫的化合物均主要存在于黑色的A矿和B矿;不同点是白色硅酸盐水泥熟料中间相中也有大量硫的存在,灰色的A矿和B矿中含有少量硫,而普通硅酸盐水泥熟料中间相中极少存在硫,灰色A矿和B矿中不含硫(以本次电子探针图判断)。     

钢渣沸石水泥的研究

以53%的钢渣,25%沸石,15%硅酸盐水泥熟料和7%的天然二水石膏为原料,研制成一种钢渣沸石水泥,其性能可达32.5号普通硅酸盐水泥的标准.沸石在钢渣沸石水泥中能加速钢渣和熟料的水化,并可消除钢渣固溶体中CaO、MgO及f-CaO的影响,熟料则为该水泥早期水化提供了水化产物的晶核和Ca(OH)2 .该水泥的水化产物是C-S-H、水化硫铝酸钙和水化铝酸钙等.     

阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料主要矿物结构研究

阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥实现硅酸盐水泥矿物-阿利特与硫铝酸盐水泥矿物-硫铝酸钙的复合与共存,是一种性能优良节约型水泥.实验制备出不同体系水泥熟料样品,利用岩相、XRD、SEM等方法对其主要矿物相进行分析,对比得出阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料主要矿物相特点,为阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥的进一步研究发展提供了理论依据.     

硫铝酸盐基复合胶凝体系水化性能的温度敏感性

研究了5、20℃和40℃硫铝酸盐水泥熟料-硅酸盐水泥-无水石膏三元体系(简称三元体系)的初凝时间、抗压强度及水化产物组成。结果表明:源自水化产物的显著差异,所涉硫铝酸盐水泥熟料为主的复合胶凝体系的性能对养护温度的敏感程度直接取决于初始配合比。与纯硫铝酸盐水泥熟料相比,单掺硅酸盐水泥时水化产物由钙矾石变为水化钙铝黄长石,导致硬化浆体力学强度显著降低。而单掺无水石膏或复掺无水石膏和硅酸盐水泥时,石膏的掺入促进了钙矾石的生成,有效抑制了向单硫型水化硫铝酸钙的转变(尤其在高温下),使得高温下的抗压强度略有提升。此外,欲使三元体系在不同养护温度下的初凝时间变化不大,硅酸盐水泥的掺量需控制在30%以上;要使抗压强度变化不大,石膏掺量宜在25%以上。     

氧化锌对阿利特和硫铝酸钙的形成及共存温度范围的影响

借助差热分析、X射线衍射及化学分析等,研究了ZrO对含硫铝酸钙的硅酸盐水泥熟料中阿利特和硫铝酸钙矿物形成及共存温度范围的影响.结果表明:在生料中掺入1%(质量分数)ZnO,可降低阿利特的形成温度,并促进低温下硫铝酸钙矿物的形成;1 300℃时阿利特生成的质量分数达59.23%,较未掺ZnO样品提高14.76%;掺入ZnO后,扩大了硫铝酸钙与阿利特矿物的共存温度范围,达50℃.     

二氧化锰对含硫铝酸钙矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料相平衡共存的影响

借助X射线衍射定量分析及化学分析法,系统研究了MnO2对含硫铝酸钙矿物(3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4,C4A3)硅酸盐水泥熟料中阿利特和硫铝酸钙矿物形成及共存温度范围的影响。结果表明:在生料中掺入0.1%(质量分数)MnO2,可以加速CaCO3的分解,提高CaCO3的分解速率,促进熟料煅烧过程中固相反应的提前及水泥熟料烧成过程中f-CaO的吸收,同时,增加了液相量,加速熟料的烧成,使C4A3S矿物分解温度提高了100℃,使体系中阿利特和硫铝酸钙两者的共存温度范围扩大了57℃。     

硫铝酸盐基促强减缩剂与硫铝酸盐水泥对比分析

将硫铝酸盐基促强减缩剂(SP-SRA)掺入到基准水泥中,并且按一定的比例设计了硫铝酸盐熟料-硬石膏-基准水泥的配合比,对宏观性能、水化过程、微观产物进行了对比分析.结果表明:掺SP-SRA的水泥各个龄期抗压抗折强度均高于硫铝酸盐熟料-硬石膏-基准水泥三元体系;掺SP-SRA的水泥早期水化放热速率大于硫铝酸盐熟料-硬石膏-基准水泥三元体系;XRD结果表明,掺SP-SRA的水泥水化生成的AFt(三硫型水化硫铝酸钙即钙矾石)含量多于三元体系生成的AFt,钙矾石的微膨胀性使得水泥石结构更加致密,有利于提高水泥石的强度,硫铝酸盐熟料-硬石膏-基准水泥体系有明显的AFm(单硫型水化硫铝酸钙)生成,即部分AFt转化成AFm.     

氧化锂对高胶凝性水泥熟料矿物形成的影响

研究了Li2O对含硫铝酸钙矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料的易烧性及矿物形成的影响.借助化学分析测定了水泥熟料中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)的含量,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了熟料矿物组成,采用差热分析(DSC)研究了矿物形成过程.结果表明:生料中掺入少量的Li2O能改善水泥生料的易烧性,促进f-CaO的吸收,促进硫铝酸钙(C4A3S)与硅酸三钙(C3S)的共存.     

低成本、绿色水泥生产技术

低成本、绿色水泥是在硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物中引入硫铝酸钙（C4A3S）而发展起来的，它同时具有硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥的优良特点，对于配制高强，高温合材掺量的硅酸盐水泥具有明显的优势，本文介绍了低成本、绿色水泥生产技术及生产实践中所取得的效益，从理论和实践方面都证明了它是一项成熟、先进适用的生产技术。     

面层自流平材料的制备与性能研究

研究了铝酸盐水泥-硅酸盐水泥-石膏复合胶凝体系对自流平材料性能的影响以及渗透型液体硬化剂对材料表面的改性作用,采用XRD、TG-DSC和SEM分析了胶凝体系的水化产物.结果表明:在铝酸盐水泥-硅酸盐水泥二元体系中,随着硅酸盐水泥掺量的增加,砂浆流动度经时损失逐渐扩大,凝结时间缩短,干缩率增大,各龄期强度均有所降低,但1～3d和3～28 d强度增长幅度更大.在铝酸盐水泥-硅酸盐水泥-石膏三元胶凝体系中,增加α-半水石膏的掺量可促进砂浆凝结硬化,减小干燥收缩率,提高早期强度,但后期强度的增幅有所减小;增加硅酸盐水泥掺量会使砂浆流动度经时损失显著加大,凝结时间缩短,早期强度无明显变化,后期强度增幅较大.在自流平材料表面涂刷硬化剂可有效提高其耐磨性,减少干燥失水率.水化铝酸钙的微观形貌不规则,其XRD衍射峰不显著.在三元胶凝体系的水化产物中,存在着大量真棒状的钙矾石和六方片状的单硫型水化硫铝酸钙.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。