基于ZigBee的碱液浓度在线检测系统设计

根据电化学原理,采用ZigBee无线网络技术及传感器技术,设计了一种基于ZigBee技术的碱浓度在线检测系统。进行了监控网络结构、节点硬件电路和软件设计,实现了对工作液中碱浓度的实时监控。为化工及染整等企业生产自动化和节能降耗提供了一种新的技术。     

GA-BP神经网络的钛合金微弧氧化膜层厚度预测模型的建立

利用正交试验法获得的TC4钛合金微弧氧化实验数据建立了基于4-11-1(即4个输入神经元,11个隐含层节点,1个输出神经元)结构的BP神经网络预测膜层厚度的模型,并引入遗传算法(GA)对其权值和阈值进行优化。以微弧氧化工艺参数中的电流密度、脉冲频率、占空比和氧化时间作为网络的输入向量,氧化膜层厚度作为网络的输出向量,对比和分析了BP与GA-BP模型的预测结果。与BP网络模型相比,GA-BP网络模型稳定性能较好,并能高精度预测膜层的厚度,GA-BP网络模型预测值的平均误差为0.015,最大误差仅为0.036,而BP模型预测结果的平均误差为0.064,最大误差为0.099。     

基于ZigBee的电镀生产线温度集中监控系统

针对大型电镀生产线温度在集中监控过程中,温度的控制节点布置间距较远、布线复杂、维护不易的问题,设计了一种基于ZigBee的无线温度采集和控制系统.系统分别设置了MCGS上位机组态系统、网络协调器和温度测控终端.上位机组态系统设计了人机交互界面,可设置和显示各镀槽节点温度;温度测控终端采用DS18B20监测各槽温度并通过PID算法对温度进行实时控制;上位机和温度测控终端之间的通信,采用以CC2420为核心的ZigBee无线网络.将该系统投入实际工程中,系统投入成本低,运行稳定,易于扩展和变换测控槽位,能够有效监测和控制生产线上各镀槽温度,达到了高效便捷的目的.     

基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法

污水处理是一个复杂的非线性过程,化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）是评价污水处理效果的关键指标之一。COD的传统测量方法耗时长、成本高,基于传统神经网络的软测量方法提高了COD参数的测量速度但精度较差。针对这些问题,设计一种结合自组织特征映射 (self-organizing map, SOM)和径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络的COD参数软测量方法。该方法利用SOM网络聚类数据样本,根据所得聚类结果确定RBF网络的隐层节点数及节点的数据中心,综合提高RBF网络的收敛速度和拟合精度。利用污水处理厂部分水样数据建立COD软测量模型,模型仿真和硬件在线测试结果表明,相对于传统的BP、RBF等网络,基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法测量时间短、预测精度较高,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

BP网络结构和算法对非线性系统进行辨识

利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱进行了基于BP神经网络的非线性系统辨识仿真研究,针对实际问题选取BP网络结构和BP算法,并对网络输入、输出、隐层节点的个数选取作了探讨,选取一个非线性系统,通过改变隐层节点数和训练函数,找出适当的BP网络结构和算法对非线性系统进行辨识。     

基于ZigBee的棉织物丝光碱浓度监控系统设计

针对棉织物丝光过程中对碱液浓度监控的实时性要求,提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的织物丝碱液浓度实时监控系统,给出了系统网络结构、传感器节点和系统主节点电路,设计了网络协议、主从节点流程。系统运行结果表明:该系统具有低成本、结构简单、抗干扰、工作可靠等特点。为纺织生产前处理工艺提供了一种新的监控技术。     

基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法

污水处理是一个复杂的非线性过程,化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)是评价污水处理效果的关键指标之一。COD的传统测量方法耗时长、成本高,基于传统神经网络的软测量方法提高了COD参数的测量速度但精度较差。针对这些问题,设计一种结合自组织特征映射(self-organizing map, SOM)和径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络的COD参数软测量方法。该方法利用SOM网络聚类数据样本,根据所得聚类结果确定RBF网络的隐层节点数及节点的数据中心,综合提高RBF网络的收敛速度和拟合精度。利用污水处理厂部分水样数据建立COD软测量模型,模型仿真和硬件在线测试结果表明,相对于传统的BP、RBF等网络,基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法测量时间短、预测精度较高,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

基于自编码神经网络特征提取的回声状态网络研究及过程建模应用

在复杂化工建模过程中,由于过程数据的时序性、高非线性以及高维数的特点,导致传统的静态神经网络建模无法满足一定的精度。为了解决该问题,提出一种基于自编码神经网络特征提取的回声状态网络模型（features extracted from auto-encoder based echo state network,FEAE-ESN）。传统回声状态网络(echo state network, ESN)方法中,储备池的节点数目很多,输出的维数很高,数据间存在共线性。为解决上述问题,待回声状态网络训练好之后,使用自编码神经网络对其储备池输出进行特征提取。通过自编码网络特征提取,一方面可以有效地降低储备池输出的维数,从而降低数据的复杂度;另一方面提取的特征去除了原有储备池输出的共线性,能够进一步提高广义逆的计算性能;最终提高回声状态网络的建模精度。所提方法FEAE-ESN用于田纳西-伊斯曼复杂过程建模,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于自编码神经网络特征提取的回声状态网络研究及过程建模应用

在复杂化工建模过程中,由于过程数据的时序性、高非线性以及高维数的特点,导致传统的静态神经网络建模无法满足一定的精度。为了解决该问题,提出一种基于自编码神经网络特征提取的回声状态网络模型(features extracted from auto-encoder based echo state network, FEAE-ESN)。传统回声状态网络(echo state network, ESN)方法中,储备池的节点数目很多,输出的维数很高,数据间存在共线性。为解决上述问题,待回声状态网络训练好之后,使用自编码神经网络对其储备池输出进行特征提取。通过自编码网络特征提取,一方面可以有效地降低储备池输出的维数,从而降低数据的复杂度;另一方面提取的特征去除了原有储备池输出的共线性,能够进一步提高广义逆的计算性能;最终提高回声状态网络的建模精度。所提方法 FEAE-ESN用于田纳西-伊斯曼复杂过程建模,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于ZigBee和Wifi的注塑机信息控制网络设计

为提高注塑机生产管理效率,基于ZigBee和Wifi设计了注塑机信息控制网络,并针对各项功能开发了应用软件。在ZigBee网络中设计了ZigBee终端,通过串口实现了注塑机面板控制;针对ZigBee网络和Wifi网络中不同协议的信息流通,设计了ZigBee-Wifi网关,解决了两种网络的联通问题,实现了注塑机远程监测和控制。该系统可以借助上位机对多台注塑机同时进行控制,有效提高了生产效率,确保了产品质量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.