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以半纤维素的主要模型物木聚糖为原料,在不添加其他粘结剂的条件下,采用磷酸活化法制备半纤维素基颗粒活性炭。讨论了浸渍比和炭活化工艺对活性炭吸附性能和孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:浸渍比的增加,有利于颗粒活性炭的比表面积、亚甲基蓝吸附值、强度、总孔容积和中孔容积的提高。随着炭活化温度的升高,颗粒活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、比表面积、总孔容积和微孔容积呈下降的趋势,强度呈上升趋势。N2吸附-脱附等温线和孔径分析表明,颗粒活性炭具有发达的微孔结构,炭活化温度的升高不利于孔隙结构的发达。 相似文献
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以碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值及活性炭得率为考察指标,选取对糠醛渣活性炭性质影响较大的浸渍比、磷酸质量分数、活化温度、保温时间4个因素进行L16(45)正交试验对磷酸活化法制备糠醛渣活性炭的工艺条件进行优化。由正交试验结果得到磷酸活化的最佳工艺条件为:磷酸质量分数60%,浸渍比2.5:1,活化温度550 ℃,保温1.5 h,此条件下制得的活性炭样品的碘吸附值为839.6 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为260.3 mg/g,得率为46.8%,比表面积为830.20 m2/g,孔容积为0.502 cm3/g,孔径集中在0.8~2.5 nm,具有丰富的中孔和微孔。 相似文献
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粘胶基活性炭纤维及其改性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
粘胶基活性炭纤维比普通活性炭性能优越,吸附量大.机械强度高,吸附、脱附速度快,正逐渐地被用于废水处理,饮用水及空气净化等多种领域。本文介绍了粘胶基活性炭纤维材料的结构,性能、制备过程,以及化学改性的国内外研究情况,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《炭素技术》2017,(1)
以棉杆为原材料,分别通过磷酸活化与磷酸-水蒸气混合活化法制备了具有发达孔结构的棉杆基活性炭。考察了磷酸浓度、水蒸气活化温度对活性炭产率、表面积及超级电容器电化学性能的影响。分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、氮气吸脱附测试对棉杆基活性炭的表面官能团、比表面积、孔径分布进行表征;利用两电极系统,通过恒流充放电对棉杆基活性炭作为超级电容器电极的电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:活性炭收率随着磷酸浓度的增大而降低,最高比表面积可达1718m2/g,以微孔为主;活化温度700℃,混合法得到的活性炭作为超级电容器电极材料时,首次比容量可达218F/g,循环1000次以后能保持在196F/g左右,具有很好的电化学性能。 相似文献
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以油茶壳醇浸取后残渣为原料,以磷酸活化法制备活性炭,考察了浸渍比、磷酸质量分数和活化温度等对活性炭吸附性能及其得率的影响;活性炭的吸附性能由碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值表征。结果表明,在酸/炭浸渍比为3:1、磷酸质量分数70%、活化温度500℃时,活性炭的吸附性能最佳,其碘、亚甲基蓝吸附值和得率分别为1043.29mg/g、148.5mg/g和38.77%。采用物理吸附仪在77K下测定其N2吸附脱附等温线,利用BET法和BJH法计算比表面积和孔径分布,其比表面积为1626.45m2/g,平均孔径为4.7nm,总孔容为1.94cm3/g。同时采用FTIR和XRD分析了活性炭的表面官能团和微观结构。 相似文献
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The thermal regeneration of activated carbons loaded with p-nitrophenol (PNP) and other aromatic compounds was studied using a thermal balance. After pyrolysis of the adsorbates in nitrogen at 700°C, the residues were gasified with oxygen at 415 to 500°C or with steam at 840 to 920°C. Residues from PNP were several times more reactive to oxygen than the base carbons and also showed greater chemisorption of oxygen. For steam gasification, only small differences between spent and fresh carbons were found. 相似文献
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The removal of an organic azo dye-stuff particularly resistant to biodegradation was studied in an activated sludge pilot plant on the basis of the PACT process. Different runs were carried out by adding to the oxidation basin both adsorbent solids (granular activated carbon (GAC), and powdered activated carbon (PAC)) or practically non-adsorbent solid (semisilica fire brick crushed particles (SFB).) Biological removal of the dye-stuff was observed with GAC or PAC addition, whereas no removal was observed with the fire brick particles.
Comparison of the results obtained with either GAC or PAC with those from the SFB non-adsorbent solid showed carbon bioregeneration, existing only in the presence of adsorbent solids, to be probably the fundamental mechanism governing biological dye removal. The specific removal rate obtained with carbons, probably dependent on many physical and biological phenomena, was interpreted with saturation type equations typical of biological phenomena. The apparent adsorption capacities at the end of the runs with GAC and PAC were respectively 5 times and 17 times higher than those corresponding to the GAC and PAC physical adsorption isotherms.
Carbon physical adsorption capacity seemed to play a fundamental role: the dye biological removal rate obtained with PAC (whose physical adsorption capacity was about 2.5 times higher than that of GAC) turned out to be 3.5 times higher, on the average, than that determined with GAC. 相似文献
Comparison of the results obtained with either GAC or PAC with those from the SFB non-adsorbent solid showed carbon bioregeneration, existing only in the presence of adsorbent solids, to be probably the fundamental mechanism governing biological dye removal. The specific removal rate obtained with carbons, probably dependent on many physical and biological phenomena, was interpreted with saturation type equations typical of biological phenomena. The apparent adsorption capacities at the end of the runs with GAC and PAC were respectively 5 times and 17 times higher than those corresponding to the GAC and PAC physical adsorption isotherms.
Carbon physical adsorption capacity seemed to play a fundamental role: the dye biological removal rate obtained with PAC (whose physical adsorption capacity was about 2.5 times higher than that of GAC) turned out to be 3.5 times higher, on the average, than that determined with GAC. 相似文献
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煤基活性炭的化学去灰 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对煤基活性炭的各种去灰方法进行了评述,其中重点评述了联合碱酸溶液去灰法的原理、工艺参数、效果和对产品性能的影响,并以3个去灰实例说明。还介绍了新产生的高温氯化法,并讨论了该法改型的可能性 相似文献
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对比研究了<15℃的低温条件下复合铁酶促活性污泥和普通活性污泥系统的启动过程.结果表明,向2个平行试验装置投加等量的接种污泥,两系统在以下工况条件经32 d均成功启动:HRT为20 h,污泥龄30d,进水体积流量与回流污泥体积流量比200%,DO的质量浓度2.0~4.0 mg·L-1;培养过程中,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统比普通活性污泥系统污泥含量更高,系统启动速度快;对COD、NH3-N、PO43--P的平均去除率较普通活性污泥系统分别提高6.10.11个百分点;脱氢酶活性、NH3-N硝化速率、吸磷速率分别提高了5.20 μg·mg-1·h、3.15 mg·L-1.h-1、2.0mg·L-1·h-1,表明复合铁活性污泥系统在低温条件下较普通活性污泥系统具有更高的微生物活性. 相似文献
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用磷酸活化汉麻韧皮制备了麻皮活性炭纤维,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、低温氮吸附、碘吸附以及亚甲基蓝、酸性蓝9吸附等分析手段,对样品的表面形貌、表面织构及吸附行为进行了表征.结果表明,磷酸活化的麻皮活性炭纤维表面光滑,孔隙结构发达,比表面积达到1142.4m2/g,微孔率达到76.16%,微孔呈0.4~0.8nm和1.2~2nm双孔型分布,中孔主要分布在2~3nm之间.碘和亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量分别为1460.5mg/g和325.17mg/g,均超过了国家标准一级产品的指标.20℃时酸性蓝9在麻皮活性炭纤维上的吸附等温线与Langmuir equation的模拟结果相符. 相似文献