用磷酸盐催化预处理制备粘胶活性炭纤维毡

由磷酸盐催化处理的粘胶纤维毡在N2气氛下于820℃炭化，随后用水蒸汽活化，测定了粘胶活性炭纤维毡的比表面积及其静态苯吸附量。考察了磷酸盐的浓度对炭化收率及各种工艺因素对粘胶活性炭纤维毡活化性能的影响。经催化预处理820℃下水蒸汽活化的粘胶活性炭纤维其比表面积在1500～2100m2／g（BET）之间，静态苹吸附县为70Wt％～90Wt％。通过磷酸盐催化预处理可有效地提高粘胶纤维毡的炭化收率，改善粘胶活性炭纤维毡的吸附特性。     

硼酸活化法制备粘胶基活性炭纤维

用硼酸化学活化法制备了粘胶基活性炭纤维,对硼酸浸泡工艺条件 应的碳化活化条件进行了筛选,所制得的纤维形状、柔软的产品,得率达３４％－３８％,比表面积达５００－６００ｍ＾２／ｇ。探讨了碳化活化的机理。     

磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤维的研究Ⅰ磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤维的研制

探讨了以磷酸为活化剂制备粘胶基活性炭纤维 (ACF)的工艺 ,研究了工艺条件对产品得率、比表面积及柔软性等的影响 ,并对所制样品的吸附和脱附性能进行了表征。结果表明 ,控制合适的磷酸浓度、固液比、浸泡时间、碳化活化温度、碳化活化时间等工艺参数 ,可制得碳化活化得率、比表面积、柔软性和吸附脱附性能等综合性能良好的活性炭纤维。     

磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤维的研究：Ⅰ.磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤 …

探讨了以磷酸为活化剂制备粘胶基活性炭纤维的工艺。研究了工艺条件对产品得率,比表面积及柔软件等的影响,并对所制样品的吸附和脱附性能进行了表征。结果表明,控制合适的磷酸浓度、固液比、等工艺参数,可制得碳活化得率、比表面积、柔软性和吸附脱附性能等综合性能良好的活性炭纤维。     

炭化温度对酚醛基活性炭纤维孔结构的影响

从酚醛纤维出发，经过炭化和KOH活化制备了酚醛基活性炭纤维（PACF），并对不同温度下炭化样品的比表面积、孔结构以及表面形态之间的关系进行了探讨。采用氮气（77K）吸附法测定PACF活性炭纤维的孔结构和比表面积。结果表明：用KOH在900℃对低于500℃炭化纤维进行活化，不能保持纤维形态，只能得到碳收率低、比表面积高的粉状物，而高于500℃炭化样品则可保持纤维形态。随着炭化温度的升高，所有样品的整体孔径分布范围基本相同，而平均孔径，比表面积和孔容逐渐缩小。     

成型活性炭的制备及脱硫的影响因素分析

以粘胶基活性炭纤维与酚醛树脂分别作为吸附剂和粘接剂制备成型活性炭,通过脱硫实验,考察了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间和原料配比因素对成型活性炭脱硫能力的影响。结果表明,于700℃下炭化60min,然后以CO2为活化剂,850℃下活化60min,制备出了较高吸附性能的成型活性炭产品。     

超级电容器用活性炭纤维的研制(Ⅰ活性炭纤维的强度与比表面积)

分别以粘胶纤维和粘胶炭纤维为原料，经镍盐溶液浸渍后制备活性炭纤维。比较两种原料制得的活性炭纤维的强度和比表面积；考察它们随镍盐溶液浓度、活化温度和活化时间的变化情况。结果表明，两种原料制得活性炭纤维的强度和比表面积随上述三因素各自的变化趋势一致；并由此初步确定了比表面积～1200m^2／g,强度～0．3GPa的粘胶基活性炭纤维的制备工艺.     

不同活化法制备的聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维的性能比较

利用水蒸气活化法、KOH活化法、H3PO4活化法制备聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维，并对用不同活化方法所制得的活性炭纤维进行吸附性能测试和比较。结果表明，在较佳工艺条件下化学活化法制备的活性炭纤维的吸附性能强于水蒸气活化法制备的活性炭纤维。     

熔纺Kraft硬木木质素基活性炭纤维的活化工艺及性能研究

以熔融纺丝制备的Kraft硬木木质素纤维(HKL)为原料,经炭化得到木质素基炭纤维(HKL-CF),再采用水蒸气活化法制备了活性炭纤维(HKL-ACF),通过红外光谱仪和扫描电镜研究了水蒸气活化对活性炭纤维化学结构和表面形貌的影响,采用全自动物理吸附仪、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪等研究了活化时间、活化温度和活化水蒸气流量对所制备活性炭纤维的比表面积、孔结构和微晶结构的影响规律。研究表明,水蒸气活化处理提高了活性炭纤维中的C—O和C＝C结构含量;随着活化时间的延长,活性炭纤维的比表面积增大,且随活化温度和水蒸气流量的提高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;晶粒尺寸随着活化时间和温度的提高,逐渐变小,纤维表面的石墨化程度随活化时间的增加,逐渐变大;活化温度800 ℃,活化时间4 h,水蒸气流量1 mL/min下制备的活性炭纤维的BET比表面积最高可达2 081.34 m²/g,总孔容最大为1.60 cm³/g。     

水蒸气活化法制备稻壳活性炭的研究

研究了水蒸气活化法制备稻壳活性炭的工艺条件,探讨了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间和水蒸气用量对活化效果的影响。最佳工艺条件为:炭化温度 450℃、活化温度 900℃、活化时间 90 min和水蒸气用量为炭化料的1.5倍,制备的活性炭碘吸附值 844 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值 138 mL/g,产品得率 13.9%。这些指标与木质活性炭相当。且投资少,能耗低,具有良好的经济效益与社会效益。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.