等离子喷涂过程中纳米粒子生长分析

为了研究等离子喷涂过程中纳米粒子的生长情况,从而为喷涂工艺参数优化提供参考,在B rook晶粒生长经典理论基础上,计算了等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3粉末过程中纳米粒子尺寸变化,分析了不同温度历程及纳米粒子初始尺寸对其生长的影响.同时,对纳米团聚体粉末进行等离子喷涂试验.结果表明,纳米结构涂层是由一定比例完全熔化...     

等离子喷涂纳米复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构及其形成机理

以Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)团聚体复合陶瓷粉末为材料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,讨论涂层的微观组织形成机理.结果表明:纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成;根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为液相烧结区(亚微米Al2O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构)和固相烧结区(经过一定程度长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子);等离子喷涂使部分α-Al2O3以及全部θ-Al2O3转变为亚稳态γ-Al2O3;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层中的完全熔化区、液相烧结区及固相烧结区分别由等离子喷涂过程中纳米团聚体粉末中温度高于Al2O3熔点、介于TiO2熔点到Al2O3熔点之间以及低于TiO2熔点区域沉积获得,纳米结构涂层中不同部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中Al2O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13TiO2陶瓷涂层研究

以常规和纳米团聚体Al2O3-13TiO2(ω/%,下同)复合陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备常规和纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,同时对纳米结构涂层的微观组织形成机制进行了讨论.结果表明:常规复合陶瓷涂层呈典型的等离子喷涂层状堆积特征;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成.根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为亚微米A12O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构的液相烧结区和经过一定长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子的固相烧结区,不同的部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中A12O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,不管是常规还是纳米涂层都以亚稳相γ-A12O3为主.     

等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末热力耦合的有限元数值模拟

采用有限元软件中的间接热力耦合方法,建立等离子喷涂纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3(质量分数)粉末热力耦合有限元模型,对喷涂过程中粉末的热应力进行研究,分析粉末直径和喷嘴出口处等离子焰流温度对粉末应力的影响。同时进行相应的等离子喷涂试验,并从理论上分析喷涂过程中粉末破碎的原因及破碎机理。结果表明:在等离子喷涂过程中,粉末中心存在较大的拉压力,随着粉末飞行时间的增加,粉末中心拉应力先增加后减小;粉末直径越大,粉末中心最大拉应力越大,出现最大拉应力的时间越晚;喷嘴出口处等离子体温度越高,粉末中心的最大拉应力也越大,而出现最大拉应力的时间没有明显差别;等离子喷涂纳米涂层的表面有3类组织,单个或少量纳米粒子团、以亚微米级尺度为主的小球以及较大尺度的不规则体;这3类组织是由等离子喷涂过程中纳米团聚体粉末内部较大的拉应力而引起粉末破碎形成的,其破碎形式与爆炸破碎机理相符。     

喷涂用MoSi2粉末的制备及其在等离子弧中的熔化特性

采用喷雾干燥和真空烧结技术制备MoSi2团聚颗粒,以MoSi2团聚粉末为原料,通过大气等离子喷涂法制备二硅化钼涂层,借助XRD、扫描电镜及能谱对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化特性和涂层的组织结构进行研究.结果表明:团聚粉末在1200℃真空热处理1 h后,粉末的流动性和松装密度分别提高55.6%和42.0%,适合等离子喷涂用.MoSi2颗粒经过高温等离子焰流后,粉末熔化充分,大多数团聚体粉末发生烧结过程,颗粒的平均粒度减小,形成较致密的球形颗粒.在喷涂过程中,部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h)或氧化形成了少量的Mo<,5>Si3相,涂层中的富钼相呈"网状"组织结构.     

材料结构与制备工艺对热障涂层显微组织的影响

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂+激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构热障涂层。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了粉末结构及制备工艺对涂层显微组织的影响。结果表明:用常规等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层为典型的层状堆积特征;而用等离子喷涂法制备的纳米结构涂层则由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区组成,呈两相结构。由于受到激光功率、能量密度、激光作用区温度场分布、陶瓷导热系数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,经激光重熔后,涂层呈现出明显的分层结构特征:上部为致密的柱状晶重熔区,下部为残余等离子喷涂区。由于激光重熔纳米结构涂层重熔区中残余纳米粒子的增韧作用,其晶界强度较高,从而导致断口有相当数量的穿晶断裂,而激光重熔常规涂层重熔区的断口基本是沿晶断裂。     

特征喷涂参数对等离子喷涂纳米 Al2 O3 -13%TiO2涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响

目的研究等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的特征喷涂参数(CPSP)对涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响,探索更合理的等离子喷涂工艺参数。方法采用等离子喷涂,在Q235钢表面制备过渡层为NiCrAl、陶瓷层为纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的涂层系统。对涂层试样进行高温和常温磨损性能测试,并对比分析喷涂粉末、涂层的微观结构和相组成。结果纳米涂层为微观双模结构,由部分熔化区和完全熔化区组成,存在裂纹、孔隙等缺陷,其主要物相为α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3和rutile-TiO2。纳米涂层磨损失效的主要原因是内部板条的分层剥落和涂层表面材料的塑性变形切削。结论随着CPSP的增大,纳米涂层的耐磨性能增强,且高温磨损性能较室温磨损性能为差。纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层微观结构中部分熔化区结构和纳米晶粒的存在显著提高了涂层的耐磨性。     

纳米Al_2O_3-13％TiO_2粉末及其等离子喷涂涂层的相变

将商用纳米Al_2O_3与TiO_2粉末混合制浆,通过喷雾造粒技术重构成大颗粒纳米Al_2O_3-13％T102团聚粉体,然后采用不同加热温度进行烧结,制备用于热喷涂的纳米喂料。采用等离子喷涂技术沉积形成纳米涂层。利用XRD和SEM对纳米粉末和涂层的形貌、显微结构和晶相进行表征。结果表明,在烧结过程中纳米氧化铝没有发生相变,而纳米氧化钛则由锐钛矿相转变为金红石相;在等离子喷涂过程中,部分a—Al_2O_3发生熔化转变为y—Al_2O_3,且转变量与喷涂工艺参数有关;而TiO_2相只在较低喷涂工艺参数下存在衍射峰,在较高喷涂工艺参数下则以z—A1203＂Ti02固溶体存在;涂层在热处理过程中会发生y．A1203向a—A1203的转变,且有Ti02相析出。     

等离子喷涂和激光熔覆热障涂层隔热性能比较

采用多种方法制备不同类型的Al2O3-13％TiO2热障涂层,即等离子喷涂常规涂层、纳米结构涂层及激光熔覆纳米结构涂层．在分析三类涂层微观组织的基础上,对其隔热性能进行了比较．结果表明,即等离子喷涂常规陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,纳米结构涂层都为特殊的两相结构,其中部分熔化区由类似的残留纳米粒子组成,等离子喷涂纳米结构涂层的完全熔化区为片层状结构,而相应的激光熔覆涂层的完全熔化区则为细小等轴晶．在相同条件下,等离子喷涂纳米结构热障涂层具有最好的隔热性能,而激光熔覆纳米结构涂层的隔热性能要好于等离子喷涂常规涂层．     

等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末的熔化特性研究

纳米陶瓷粉末(CYZ:ZrO2-4.5wt%Y2O3-25wt?O2和YSZ:ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3)经过团聚后,采用等离子喷涂(APS)方法在GH30高温合金表面制备热障涂层(TBC).用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射显微镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化情况、制备的涂层组织结构进行了分析研究.结果表明:团聚后的球形粉末经过等离子弧后对于较大的团聚体颗粒只是表层约1μm被熔化,颗粒内部仍保持原始粉末的纳米结构;制备的涂层主要由熔化结晶部分和未熔化的纳米粒子构成,熔化结晶部分晶粒尺寸为60～80nm,大于原始粉末尺寸;CYZ涂层组成相为稳定的t相和c相,涂层中分布有大量的微裂纹和闭合的孔隙;两种涂层的孔隙率分别为6.2%和7.6%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.