聚乳酸/氯化钠共混物的流变性能

利用动态流变仪和毛细管流变仪,分别测试了聚乳酸(PLA)及PLA/NaCl(70/30)共混物的复数黏度和剪切黏度,得到了两种熔体的非牛顿指数(n)和流动活化能(ΔEη)。结果表明:PLA熔体的n随温度的升高以斜率为0.002线性地增大,而PLA/NaCl(70/30)共混物熔体的n随温度的升高以斜率为-0.01线性地减小;在剪切速率为1s-1时,PLA熔体的ΔEη为135.92kJ/mol,PLA/NaCl(70/30)共混物熔体的ΔEη为119.57kJ/mol,表明PLA熔体的黏度对温度的敏感性比PLA/NaCl(70/30)共混物熔体的黏度对温度的敏感性高。     

尼龙612及其共聚物流变性能的研究

采用毛细管流变仪对尼龙612/6(PA 612/6)共聚物的流变性能进行了研究,并与PA 612进行比较。结果表明:PA 612/6共聚物和PA 612熔体均为剪切变稀的假塑性非牛顿流体,在相同温度和剪切速率下,PA 612/6共聚物熔体的表观黏度均小于PA 612的;在温度为240℃时其非牛顿指数分别为0.749,0.748;随着温度的升高,两者熔体的表观黏度和稠度系数均逐渐下降,非牛顿指数逐渐增大;PA 612/6共聚物和PA 612熔体的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增大先增大后减小,在剪切速率为115 s~(-1)左右时,两者的黏流活化能达到最大,分别为61.49,61.27 kJ/mol,此时熔体的表观黏度对温度的敏感性最强。     

PP／POE／纳米CaCO3复合材料流变性能的研究

研究了聚丙烯/聚烯烃热塑性弹性体/纳米CaCO3(PP/POE/纳米CaCO3)复合材料的流变性能,探讨了纳米CaCO3、POE添加量、剪切速率和温度对复合材料黏度的影响。实验数据显示,在较低剪切速率下,随纳米CaCO3添加量的增加,体系熔体黏度增加;在较高剪切速率下,随纳米CaCO3添加量的增加,体系黏度降低;增加POE添加量,复合体系的熔体黏度增大;纳米CaCO3的加入使复合体系的非牛顿指数减小,非牛顿性增强。PP/POE/纳米CaCO3(100/10/10质量份数,下同)体系具有高流动性,熔体流动速率达19.58g/10min。     

固相缩聚半芳香透明聚酰胺的流变性能

采用毛细管流变仪对固相缩聚半芳香透明聚酰胺(Semi-AromaticTransparent Polyamide,简称SATPA)的流变性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:固相缩聚SATPA熔体属假塑性流体,非牛顿指数随剪切速率的增大而减小;表观黏度随温度、剪切速率和剪切应力的升高而降低。随着剪切速率的增大,黏流活化能减小,表观黏度对于温度的敏感性减弱。     

ABS 在不同入口角圆锥短口模挤出中的流变性能研究

利用毛细管流变仪研究了(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)在不同入口角圆锥短口模挤出中的流变性能,讨论了ABS熔体在长径比为10的不同角度圆锥口模挤出中的流变行为,并测试其非牛顿指数n与稠度系数K。结果表明,ABS的表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而减小,并且在相同的剪切速率下,表观粘度随入口角的增大而增大,但长径比一定时,入口角大时的剪切应力要比入口角小时的剪切应力大;ABS熔体的非牛顿指数n随入口角的增大而减小,而稠度系数K随入口角的增大而增大。     

HDPE/石墨导热复合材料流变行为研究

制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/石墨导热复合材料,研究了该复合材料在毛细管流变仪中的流变行为。结果表明:该HDPE/石墨复合材料熔体在毛细管流变仪中的流动为非牛顿型流动,遵从假塑性流体的流动规律。随着石墨用量的增加,复合材料熔体的真实黏度、黏流活化能增大,非牛顿指数呈减小的趋势;随着剪切速率的增加,复合材料熔体的真实黏度和黏流活化能则均有所减小;而随着温度的升高,复合材料熔体的非牛顿指数呈增大的趋势。     

回收料制备人造草丝熔体的流变性能研究

采用聚合物动态流变测试仪研究了含回收料的人造草丝熔体的流变性能,探讨了回收料用量、温度、口模长径比对熔体表观黏度和挤出胀大比的影响。结果表明,人造草丝熔体属于假塑性熔体,其表观黏度随剪切速率和回收料用量的增加而降低。在剪切速率500s-1时,回收料用量越低,熔体的表观黏度降低越明显;剪切速率1800s-1时,熔体的表观黏度变化平缓且较为接近。对于100%回收料草丝熔体,其表观黏度随温度的升高和口模长径比的减小而降低;挤出胀大比则随温度的升高和口模长径比的增大而降低。     

PLLA/TPU共混挤出物流变性及聚集态结构的研究

通过熔融共混制备了聚L-乳酸(PLLA)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的共混物,并研究了该PLLA/TPU共混挤出物的流变性能及聚集态结构。结果表明:该PLLA/TPU共混物为假塑性流体,随着共混体系中TPU含量的增加,共混物熔体的表观黏度提高,且非牛顿指数减小,即共混物的黏度对剪切速率的敏感性增强;另外,随着剪切速率或TPU含量的增加,PLLA/TPU共混挤出试样的结晶度呈下降趋势,其断裂强度与模量亦有所降低,而断裂伸长率则有所提高。     

聚丙烯/丙烯-乙烯共聚物共混体系的流变行为研究

采用毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪研究了聚丙烯(PP)纤维专用料/丙烯-乙烯共聚物(PEC)共混体系的流变行为,探究了剪切速率、温度、共混物组成对熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明,随着剪切速率的增加,PP、PP/PEC和PEC均表现出"剪切变稀"行为;随着温度的升高,聚合物的表观黏度逐渐降低,特别是在低剪切速率下的这种现象更明显;随着PEC含量的增加,体系的非牛顿指数增加,黏流活化能降低,黏度对温度的敏感性降低,熔体剪切模量增加,熔体弹性增加。     

增塑改性聚乙烯醇熔体流变行为研究

通过添加质量分数为0~2.0%的金属离子配位剂(M)、质量分数为7.5%~12.0%的亲水性环保型增塑剂(A)和质量分数为0~2.0%的聚醚类增塑剂(B),制备了用于熔融纺丝的改性PVA;采用毛细管流变仪研究了改性PVA体系在120~135℃的流变行为。结果表明:改性PVA流体是一种对剪切作用敏感的假塑性流体;在相同温度和剪切速率下,随M含量的增加,改性PVA熔体的表观黏度、剪切敏感性、温度敏感性、非牛顿性上升,可纺性下降;随A含量的增加,改性PVA熔体的表观黏度、温度敏感性、非牛顿性下降,剪切敏感性、可纺性上升;随B含量的增加,改性PVA熔体表观黏度、剪切敏感性、温度敏感性、非牛顿性呈先下降后上升的趋势,而可纺性呈先上升后下降的趋势。改性PVA在135℃和少量M存在的条件下,A质量分数为12.0%、B质量分数为0.5%~1.0%时,适合熔融纺丝。     

硫氰酸钠法腈纶纺丝溶液流变性能的研究

使用毛细管流变仪对常规 PA N的 N a SCN溶液 (浓度为 12 .8% )的流变性能进行了研究。剪切速率 (γ)的对数与校正表观粘度η校 和孔口胀大比 (B)都呈线性关系 ,η和 B在毛细管中都表现出松弛的特征。粘流活化能 (Eη)随着毛细管长径比 (L /D )增加 ,先是下降很快 ,然后逐渐变缓 ,最后趋向平衡 ;随着γ的对数的增加 ,Eη线性下降。孔口胀大活化能 (EB)随γ和 L /D的变化规律与 Eη的类似 ,但它随着γ增加而增大 ,且其值较小     

PPS/GF/晶须复合材料流变性能

利用熔融共混法制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料.采用毛细管流变仪对PPS/GF以及PPS/GF/CaSO4晶须复合材料的流变行为进行了表征.结果表明,PPS/GF复合材料的黏度随着剪切速率的增大而逐渐降低,呈现出明显的"剪切变稀"行为.随着GF用量的增加,PPS/GF复合材料的黏度逐渐升高,非牛顿指数n值逐渐降低.晶须用量为5份时,PPS/GF/CaSO4晶须复合材料的黏度最低,结构黏度指数较低,纺丝加工性能较好.复合材料的黏度随晶须用量的继续增加而增加.在310~315℃时复合材料的结构黏度指数下降幅度最小,表明该温度范围熔体流动最稳定.     

Rheological behavior of semi‐aromatic transparent polyamide

The rheological behaviors of semi‐aromatic transparent polyamide (SATPA) melt are investigated using a capillary rheometer. The effects of shear rate, shear stress, and temperature on the apparent viscosity η_a of SATPA are discussed. A correlation of non‐Newtonian index with temperature is obtained. The results show the shear thinning of SATPA; meanwhile η_a decreases with increasing temperature and shear rate, and the viscous flow activation energy is further obtained from temperature dependence of the samples. It was concluded that the apparent viscosity η_a is sensitive to temperature at lower shear rate owing to the higher viscous flow activation energy; on the contrary, the influence of temperature effect on the apparent viscosity becomes minor at higher shear rate due to the lower viscous flow activation energy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1586–1589, 2005     

Zum abbau von polymerlösungen durch kapillarscherung. Einfluß der kapillarlänge und strömungsform auf den abbau

The dependence of shear degradation of polymer solutions on capillary length at constant shear stress is investigated with solutions of poly(isobutylene) (M_vis=6,1 · 10⁶) in toluene. We examined concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 1 and 4% and found the degradation to increase with capillary length. In 0,1% solution we found a decreased efficiency of degradation, due to a change in the structure of solution. Flow instabilities, which appear above a critical shear rate D in polymer solutions and pretend a loss in viscosity, are not caused by shear degradation. This result supports our interpretation of unstable flow of polymer solutions as slip flow (spurt).     

Compressional effects in the capillary flow of polycarbonate

Recently, the characteristics for pressure corrections in capillary flow have been detailed. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing capillary shear rate for polystyrene and for poly(methyl methacrylate) have been previously explained using free volume theory. These general methods have been developed further in this work and applied to the non-Newtonian flow of a new system, the polycarbonate of bisphenol A. The pressure correction for up to 2 kilobars will be shown to linearize the capillary pressure drop versus the parameter L/D, capillary length over diameter. This correction eliminates the viscosity difference due to variations in L/D ratio. It is also observed that the zero-shear viscosity obtained by the extrapolation of the corrected capillary flow curves agrees well with new and independent data on the same polycarbonate obtained using a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The flow data have been compared with theories and with earlier published data on the same polymer. The two sets of data are not concordant. These new and corrected shear-dependent data are, however, shown to be expressed qualitatively by the theory of Graessley, using the most probable molecular weight distribution.     

Effect of filler treatments on rheological behavior of calcium carbonate and talc‐filled polypropylene hybrid composites

Commercial stearic acid treated calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was used to make a comparative study on rheological behavior of the CaCO₃ and talc‐filled polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites with nontreated filler. Apparent shear viscosity and extrudate swell were investigated with variation of filler ratio and temperature with 30% by weight total of filler was used in PP composite. The Shimadzu capillary rheometer was used to evaluate shear viscosity and shear rate of the composite. It was found that the shear viscosities decrease with increasing shear rate. The apparent shear viscosity of the composite containing the stearic acid treated is slightly lower than untreated filler. Shear thickening behavior at higher shear rate has also shown by 15/15 treated composites at higher temperature about 220°C and investigation by SEM has proved that filler being densely packed at that condition. Treated composites also exhibit lower swelling ratio value than untreated composite, and swelling ratio also decreases linearly with increasing temperature and the die length–diameter ratio. It is believed that dispersion of filler play an important role not only on shear viscosity but also on swelling ratio of PP composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5421–5426, 2006     

高分子材料动态成型过程中熔体非线性行为的研究

借助流变测量和连续介质理论,不依赖已有的本构关系,对平行叠加正弦振动条件下高分子熔体经毛细管的动态挤出过程进行了理论分析。以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原材料,实验测量LDPE熔体在一定振动频率和振幅下毛细管入口压力、体积流量和挤出胀大的瞬态值,即可得到动态成型过程中高分子熔体剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度的变化规律:随振幅和频率的变化,LDPE熔体的表观粘度呈非线性变化趋势;在不同的振幅和频率下动态挤出LDPE熔体,跟稳态挤出时一样,壁面剪切应力与壁面剪切速率也成非线性比例关系。     

Transient and steady-state deformations and breakup of dispersed-phase droplets of immiscible polymer blends in steady shear flow

Transient and steady-state deformations and breakup of viscoelastic polystyrene droplets dispersed in viscoelastic high-density polyethylene matrices were observed in a simple steady shear flow between two transparent parallel disks. By separately varying the elasticities of the individual blend components, the matrix shear viscosity, and the viscosity ratio, their effects on the transient deformation, steady-state droplet size, and the breakup sequence were determined. After the startup of a steady shear flow, the viscoelastic droplet initially exhibits oscillations of its length in the flow direction, but eventually stretches preferentially in the vorticity direction. We find that at fixed capillary number, the oscillation amplitude decreases with increasing droplet elasticity, while the oscillation period depends primarily on, and increases with, the viscosity ratio. At steady-state, the droplet length along the vorticity direction increases with increasing capillary number, viscosity ratio, and droplet elasticity. Remarkably, at a viscosity ratio of unity, the droplets remain in a nearly undeformed state as the capillary number is varied between 2 and 8, apparently because under these conditions a tendency for the droplets to widen in the vorticity direction counteracts their tendency to stretch in the flow direction. When a critical capillary number, Ca_c, is exceeded, the droplet finally stretches in the vorticity direction and forms a string which becomes thinner and finally breaks up, provided that the droplet elasticity is sufficiently high. For a fixed matrix shear stress and droplet elasticity, the steady-state deformation along the vorticity direction and the critical capillary number for breakup both increase with increasing viscosity ratio.     

Viscosity and rheological behavior of microbubbles in capillary tubes

The viscosity of microbubbles has been measured in capillary tubes. Experiments were conducted in tubes of different diameters and lengths, with a constant microbubble concentration. The effects of bubble void fraction and size distribution on the viscosity of microbubbles were also investigated. Microbubbles demonstrate shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian behavior. The viscosity of microbubbles decreases with a decrease in tube diameter and bubble void fraction, and with an increase in tube length. Although viscosity changes with tube dimensions, the flow index (n^′) is only influenced by the microbubble void fraction. It is also found that bubble size distribution in the range (1–12 µm) used in this study does not affect the viscosity of microbubbles. The data were then used to develop a correlation to predict viscosity of microbubbles, which represents the experimental viscosity data with an absolute average relative deviation less than 1.3%. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2660–2669, 2014