海马体神经元内源性大麻素 I 型受体与小清蛋白共表达的研究

内源性大麻素系统广泛分布于哺乳动物的中枢神经系统中，参与调节多种生理过程和行为反应。其中，大麻素 I 型受体(Cannabinoid Receptor 1，CB1R)大量分布在表达生长激素抑制素、胆囊收缩素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺等神经递质受体的神经元末梢上。CB1R 激活可抑制突触前膜神经递质的释放，逆行调控神经元的兴奋性。然而，对于中枢神经系统中另一类具有重要抑制性作用的小清蛋白 (Parvalbumin，PV)阳性的 γ-氨基丁酸能中间神经元是否表达 CB1R，却鲜有报道。该文利用免疫荧光染色和激光共聚焦成像技术发现，小鼠海马体少量神经元存在 PV 与 CB1R 共表达，且 PV/CB1R 阳性神经 元在海马体中的分布无雌雄差异。该结果能为进一步阐明 PV 与 CB1R 在功能上的相互作用提供一定参考价值，也将有助于更全面地了解内源性大麻素系统的调控作用。     

脉冲电磁场对小鼠运动水平及脑内神经递质浓度影响研究

为研究脉冲调制射频电磁场对小鼠运动水平及不同脑区内神经递质浓度的影响，该文将野生型 C57BL/6J 小鼠随机分为干预组(n＝9)和对照组(n＝6)。干预组给予脉冲调制射频电磁场刺激，对照组不给予刺激，每天 30 min，持续 5 d。利用摄像装置记录小鼠运动轨迹，通过高性能液相色谱-质谱联用法检测小鼠脑内神经递质的浓度。测试结果表明，干预组小鼠的运动水平较干预前每天均有下降(P＜0.05)，皮层内 γ-氨基丁酸、多巴胺、乙酰胆碱等神经递质以及色氨酸的浓度有显著变化(P＜0.05)，5-羟色胺浓度有下降趋势，谷氨酸浓度未有显著变化。对照组小鼠的运动水平、脑内神经递质以及色氨酸和苯丙氨酸的浓度则均未有显著变化。5 d 的持续干预后，小鼠的焦虑水平和自主运动未有显著变化。由实验可知，脉冲调制射频电磁场可即时降低小鼠的运动水平，小鼠皮层内 γ-氨基丁酸浓度升高可能是引起该现象的部分原因。此外，脉冲调制射频电磁场对小鼠不同脑区内多种神经递质浓度也有不同程度的影响。     

含时滞和Ih流的神经元的同步放电行为

本文研究了时滞和超极化激活的阳离子流Ih对抑制耦合的水蛭神经元的同步放电行为的调控.通过数值仿真揭示了时滞、耦合强度和Ih流都能诱发丰富的同步转迁行为,如从同步的周期-6簇放电到同步的周期-1簇放电.借助ISI分岔和快慢变量分离方法获得了Ih流诱导同步转迁行为的动力学原因.研究结果表明,时滞和Ih流都是影响水蛭神经元同步行为的重要因素.     

起搏器影响下的耦合神经元之间的同步

讨论了起搏器对双向电耦合的Hindmarsh—Rose神经元之间同步行为的影响．结果表明，在适当的参数组合下，起搏器能够增强也能抑制两个全同神经元之间的完全同步，增强三个全同的神经元之间的完全同步；处于不同放电模式的三个非全同神经元，起搏器在足够大的控制强度下能够诱发相位同步、近似同步，当进一步考虑时滞后，起搏器神经元更容易诱发它们之间的这种同步行为．     

电磁刺激对FHN神经元系统的调控作用

本文系统地研究了外加电磁刺激对FitzHugh-Nagum。(FHN)神经元系统动力学行为的调控作用。首先,在强非线性电磁感应的作用下,FHN神经元对外加电磁刺激的响应呈现显著的非线性变化特点,不仅能够产生混沌的放电现象,而且还出现了不同放电模式之间的转迁。其次,在电磁感应的作用下,周期振g的电磁刺激对Newman-Watts小世界的神经元网络的脉冲放电频率和同步性都能够进行有效地调控,不仅提高了神经元网络对局部弱激励信号的探测和响应能力,而且能有效地控制网络时空斑图从相位同步到完全同步的演化。本文的研究揭示了电磁刺激对单个神经元和神经元网络系统动力学行为的显著调控能力,有待为生理上应用电磁刺激辅助治疗精神疾病提供理论指导。     

一种人工情绪模型及其电商计算实验应用

针对电子商务顾客购物人工系统的计算实验研究，提出一种基于状态类比假说的人工情绪模型，给出了情绪的产生、增强、衰落和消失过程的描述方法，研究了外部刺激、情感强度和内部驱动力的计算方法，并进行了模拟分析。基于此人工情绪模型，构建了电商顾客购物的情绪-行为影响关系模型；将其应用于电商顾客购物的计算实验分析。结果表明，该人工情绪模型能较好地应用于电商复杂人工系统顾客购物的计算实验。     

电场作用对改进的HR神经元模型的同步影响

MSF,即主稳定函数,是一种使用Lyapunov指数理论来确定复杂同型网络同步状态的稳定性的工具.负的MSF值表明网络可以同步.我们构建了一种双变量HR模型来描述神经元在电场作用下的同步行为,将神经元尺寸和外加电场作为影响电场作用的调控因素,利用简化的MSF方法,研究主稳定函数MSF和电荷尺寸及外加电场的关系.结果显示,电场效应对神经网络同步的作用是丰富的.施加较强的恒定电场可以促进网络同步,而施加交变电场则会抑制同步.另外,神经元半径也会影响电场效应的作用结果,在较大的神经元半径下,神经网络会更容易同步.     

基于情绪的人工生命合作型行为选择机制

通过引入情绪到基于内在释放原理的Lorenz 液体压力行为机制，建立了基于情绪的行为选择机制．新 机制解决了原机制的缺陷：异质相加和动机强度与其当前生存环境无关．根据经济学中主观价值与情绪心理学中情 绪都具有评价功能的特性，并借鉴前景理论，建立了行为特征函数，以获得情绪的函数变化规律；利用情绪强度趋 高和中等情绪使得行为实现效率更高原理，行为被分为3 类：情绪行为、理性行为、应付行为．在这些研究结果的 基础上，建立了合作型情绪行为选择机制．在人工生命Swarm 平台上所进行的模拟实验验证了该机制的正确性．     

基于可控卷积曲面的三维神经元建模

在神经科学领域，大脑复杂神经行为的分析需要构造表面光滑且高质量的神经元模型。针对三维神经元形态数据的复杂性，现有三维神经元模型的研究在构造模型的过程中，骨架之间的折痕较大且表面光滑度较低。为解决支撑半径过大导致的卷积过渡混合问题，采用基于采样点密度和半径的算法进行数据预处理并结合骨架的抽象性和卷积曲面的光滑性，提出一种利用局部可变支撑半径控制的卷积曲面混合方法。采用基于VDB的稀疏体素自适应调整空间分辨率提高生成效率，用于解决提取不同半径神经元等值面的速度问题。为验证生成模型数据的有效性，利用MeshLab工具验证网格的水密性并基于Isotropic Remeshing算法重构网格，利用Loop算法细分神经元网格，使其表面更加光滑且包含更多细节信息。为构造在脑神经组织中进行光传播模拟实验的神经元模型，利用TetGen软件生成高质量的神经元四面体模型。实验结果表明，与现有神经元建模方法相比，该方法不仅能有效提高生成速率，而且能生成高阶光滑的网格模型。     

基于情绪认知的儿童入园分离焦虑安抚产品设计研究

文章基于情绪认知理论中的情绪产生过程，将儿童入园分离焦虑情绪进行拆解分析，得到外界刺激、记忆与经验、认知评价三方面影响因素。分析现有儿童情绪安抚产品现状和不足点，结合教育学研究中对于儿童入园分离焦虑问题的解决方式，总结出以提高外界积极刺激、提升记忆与经验、增加正面认知评价为目标的儿童入园分离焦虑安抚产品设计策略。     

Adaptive neuro fuzzy selection of heart rate variability parameters affected by autonomic nervous system

Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can be used as specific indicator of autonomic nervous system (ANS) behavior. ANS, with its main two branches, sympathetic and parasympathetic, may be considered as a coordinated neuronal network which controls heart rate continually. Many parameters define heart rate variability in different domains such as time, frequency or nonlinear. An excessively high computational complexity can occur when developing models for medical applications when the best set of inputs to use is not known. To build a model that can predict a specific process output, it is desirable to select a subset of variables that are truly relevant or the most influential to this output. This procedure is typically called variable selection, and it corresponds to finding a subset of the full set of recorded variables that exhibits good predictive abilities. In this study an architecture for modeling complex systems in function approximation and regression was used, based on using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Variable searching using the ANFIS network was performed to determine how the ANS branches affect the most relevant HRV parameters. The method utilized may work as a basis for examination of ANS influence on HRV activity.     

Validity Test for a Set of Nonlinear Measures for Short Data Length with Reference to Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Signal

In this paper we investigate the requirementsfor the size of data set to be analyzed by a set of nonlinearmeasures. Time series from some standard nonlinear systems possessingchaotic behavior, as well as sinusoidal and random signals areconsidered. For Hénon, Kaplan-Yorke and logistic mapswe found the measures of correlation dimension (CD), approximateentropy (AE), Lyapunov exponents (LE), and deterministic ratio(DR) to be reliable for data length as short as 500 samples.On short-term heart rate variability (HRV) signal, AE and DRmeasures were able to distinguish between various experimentallymodified states of autonomic nervous system (ANS) controllingthe heart rate (HR). Thus, titling and parasympathetic blockademake the system more deterministic and reduce its entropy whilstsympathetic blockade makes it less deterministic.     

The Ergonomics Society The Society's Lecture 1985

Psychophysiological effects of computer system response time (slow vs. rapid) and method of pay (incentive vs. nonincentive) were assessed in a computer-based data entry task among forty-five professional typists. Cardiovascular responses (i.e., heart rate and blood pressure) were monitored on a regular basis over four consecutive workdays. Heart rate and blood pressure did not vary singificantly with slow or rapid response times. Incentive pay, however, significantly increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate variability across the workdays compared to nonincentive pay. Irrespective of response time or method of pay, performance of the data entry task for sustained periods of time was associated with reduced heart rate and increased heart rate variability. This temporal effect was indicative of reduced effort or increased mental fatigue. The results of this study suggest that incentive pay programmes in data entry work may produce stress-related physiological reactivity among healthy workers.     

System response time and method of pay: cardiovascular stress effects in computer-based tasks

Psychophysiological effects of computer system response time (slow vs. rapid) and method of pay (incentive vs. nonincentive) were assessed in a computer-based data entry task among forty-five professional typists. Cardiovascular responses (i.e., heart rate and blood pressure) were monitored on a regular basis over four consecutive workdays. Heart rate and blood pressure did not vary significantly with slow or rapid response times. Incentive pay, however, significantly increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate variability across the workdays compared to nonincentive pay. Irrespective of response time or method of pay, performance of the data entry task for sustained periods of time was associated with reduced heart rate and increased heart rate variability. This temporal effect was indicative of reduced effort or increased mental fatigue. The results of this study suggest that incentive pay programmes in data entry work may produce stress-related physiological reactivity among healthy workers.     

The physiological mirror—a system for unconscious control of a virtual environment through physiological activity

This paper introduces a system for real-time physiological measurement, analysis, and metaphorical visualization within a virtual environment (VE). Our goal is to develop a method that allows humans to unconsciously relate to parts of an environment more strongly than to others, purely induced by their own physiological responses to the virtual reality (VR) displays. In particular, we exploit heart rate, respiration, and galvanic skin response in order to control the behavior of virtual characters in the VE. Such unconscious processes may become a useful tool for storytelling or assist guiding participants through a sequence of tasks in order to make the application more interesting, e.g., in rehabilitation. We claim that anchoring of subjective bodily states to a virtual reality (VR) can enhance a person’s sense of realism of the VR and ultimately create a stronger relationship between humans and the VR.     

Computer simulation of cardiac rhythm and artificial pacemakers using a ten-element heart model

This paper describes a universal simulation system which enables simulation models of cardiac rhythm disturbances and of artificial pacemaker actions to be constructed. Three types of heart element are introduced according to the way in which excitation impulses are propagated or produced. Cycle rate dependence of repolarization periods and of impulse transmission speeds is incorporated. Random and predetermined deviations from natural behavior are also allowed for in the model. Using the universal system, a model of simple configuration has been developed. There are five physiological and five pathological heart components joined together by uni- and bidirectional connectors. Additional bidirectional channels allow a variety of pacemakers to be "implanted" in the simulated heart.     

面向移动智能终端的人体心率监护系统设计与实现

高质量的长期健康医疗监护逐渐成为全世界人们关注的焦点。为预防突发心脏病所带来的风险,论文结合临床最常见的健康指标心率,采用基于随机森林的心率预测模型,设计了一款面向移动智能终端的可穿戴、可交互,具有实时心率采集、异常心率检测和心率异常预警等功能的小型人体心率监护系统。实验结果表明,该心率监护系统能实现用户心率的实时监测和未来时刻心率的预测,心率预测正确率可达86.67%,预测精确度可以满足用户的需求。     

警员可穿戴多体征参数监测系统的设计

为了实现公安、消防等高危职业的体征参数监测,以公安日常装备(警盔和T恤)为可穿戴载体,设计了一种体征参数监测系统,实现血氧饱和度、心电、心率的检测、传输和显示.警盔利用反射式探头采集光电容积脉搏波PPG(photoplethysmography)信号,检测血氧饱和度;T恤利用导电硅胶和ADS1292R采集心电ECG(electrocardiogram)信号,检测心电和心率;APP实现体征参数的实时显示.实验表明,ECG信号R波定位的准确率能达到98.5%以上;与标准监护仪对比,血氧、心率的平均误差都较低,血氧的最大误差在5%以内,心率的最大误差在10次/min以内.在不影响正常活动下,系统能够满足国际标准对实时体征参数监测的要求.首次设计了一套适用于警员的可穿戴体征参数监测系统,并实现了参数监测的准确度和稳定性.     

A new intelligent diagnosis system for the heart valve diseases by using genetic-SVM classifier

In this study, an intelligent system based on genetic-support vector machines (GSVM) approach is presented for classification of the Doppler signals of the heart valve diseases. This intelligent system deals with combination of the feature extraction and classification from measured Doppler signal waveforms at the heart valve using the Doppler ultrasound. GSVM is used in this study for diagnosis of the heart valve diseases. The GSVM selects of most appropriate wavelet filter type for problem, wavelet entropy parameter, the optimal kernel function type, kernel function parameter, and soft margin constant C penalty parameter of support vector machines (SVM) classifier. The performance of the GSVM system proposed in this study is evaluated in 215 samples. The test results show that this GSVM system is effective to detect Doppler heart sounds. The averaged rate of correct classification rate was about 95%.     

Responses of the autonomic nervous system during periods of perceived high and low work stress in younger and older female teachers

The aim of this study was to examine the response of the autonomic nervous system in younger (mean age 31 yrs, n=14) and older (mean age 54 yrs, n=14) healthy female teachers during work periods of perceived high and low stress. In the younger participants, heart rate, cortisol excretion rate and psychosomatic symptoms were significantly higher during the high work stress period. The older participants experienced no decrease in their heart rate and cortisol excretion during the low stress period and they exhibited no significant decrease in blood pressure after the work in the evening during both periods. It may be concluded that the recovery from the stress in the older teachers was insufficient particularly in view of their elevated diastolic blood pressure during the low work stress period. Ergonomic and individually tailored measures in terms of work time control, specific relaxation techniques, and a part-time retirement may improve the stress management of older teachers.