流化床燃煤固硫灰渣自硬机理的研究

流化床燃煤固硫灰渣是一种比较特殊的燃煤灰渣,主要特征之一为其明显自硬性,这种特性对其资源化利用有比较大的影响.通过对来源不同的7种流化床灰渣自硬性进行研究,结果显示,经固硫的灰渣具有明显的自硬性,而未经固硫的灰渣则自硬性不明显.采用化学方法确定了固硫灰渣中存在有一定量的C2S和C3A.结果显示,除可溶解的硬石膏与活性Al2O3、游离CaO反应生成钙矾石外,固硫灰渣中的C2S和C3A是其具有自硬性的主要来源.     

固硫灰渣的基本特性及其作水泥混合材的关键问题研究进展

固硫灰渣是循环流化床燃煤技术的主要副产物,如何高效、清洁地利用这一类固体废弃物是一个亟待解决的问题。本文根据近年来国内外对固硫灰渣的研究成果,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观结构、典型特性等方面综述了固硫灰渣的主要特征。相较于粉煤灰等其他燃煤副产物,固硫灰渣中存在游离氧化钙、硫酸钙和无定形铝硅酸盐物质,且颗粒疏松多孔,这导致其具有明显的火山灰活性、自硬性和水化膨胀性等特性。同时本文分析了固硫灰渣作为水泥混合材使用时需要注意的几个关键问题。结果表明,固硫灰渣特殊的组成、微结构和性质导致其作为水泥混合材使用时,必须考虑使用合适的激发剂提高灰渣活性,调整养护工艺、用水量等条件提高制品的安定性,并以添加减水剂等方式控制水泥制浆中的需水量,提高水泥石强度。这为有效实现固硫灰渣的建材资源化利用提供一定指导。     

固硫灰渣水泥的开发

对循环流化床燃煤固硫灰渣的化学、物理性能和矿物组成作了分析论述。通过技术处理可将固硫灰渣制成脱硫灰渣水泥。水泥胶砂试验证明 :循环流化床燃煤固硫灰渣具有潜在的活性 ,用它制得的水泥可达到 32 .5 #等级(GB134 4 -1999)。     

流化床燃煤固硫渣活性评定方法

国内外对流化床燃煤固硫渣的活性评定无统一方法或标准 ,阻碍了它在建材方面的利用。本文分析了燃煤固硫渣的火山灰活性和自硬性 ,提出了“燃煤固硫渣熟料胶砂 2 8天抗压强度比”、“燃煤固硫渣自硬性评定”、“燃煤固硫渣自硬强度测定”的活性综合评定方法     

固硫灰渣的微观结构与火山灰反应特性

用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜研究流化床燃煤固硫灰渣(简称固硫灰渣)的微观结构.用化学反应动力学方法研究固硫灰渣的火山灰反应特性,并与粉煤灰进行对比.阐述了固硫灰渣的微观结构与其火山灰反应特性之间的关系.结果表明:固硫灰渣与粉煤灰矿物组成差异较大,主要体现在它不含莫来石.固硫灰渣中[SiO4]和[AlO6]聚合度均低于粉煤灰的.固硫灰渣颗粒表面比粉煤灰的疏松.固硫灰渣的火山灰反应速率常数明显高于粉煤灰的,而表观活化能相反.固硫灰渣火山灰反应活性明显高于粉煤灰的,反应阻力也较小,这是由其微观结构所决定的.     

流化床燃煤固硫灰渣水硬性机理研究

经固硫的流化床燃煤灰渣有明显的早期水硬性,甚至可在与水混合几小时后即凝结硬化,而未经固硫的灰渣则不明显。本文采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和化学方法对固硫灰渣早期水硬性机理进行研究,结果表明:固硫灰渣基本不含水泥熟料成分,矿物主要以无定形态存在;固硫灰渣中[SiO4]及[AlO6]的聚合程度均低于未经固硫的流化床灰渣及粉煤灰;进一步的化学测定结果证实,固硫灰渣早期水硬性主要来源于一定数量水化性能较快的无定形矿物组分。     

燃煤灰渣活性差异及来源研究

粉煤灰、沸腾炉渣和固硫灰渣是三种具有代表性的燃煤灰渣,因生成方式与生成温度不同,火山灰活性存在较大差异。本文采用改进的28 d抗压强度比方法研究其活性差异,并在矿物组成及颗粒形貌等方面探讨活性差异来源。研究结果显示:沸腾炉渣和固硫灰渣活性相近,明显高于粉煤灰;不同种类燃煤灰渣的活性差异主要来源于其矿物组成及颗粒形貌差异。     

循环流化床燃煤固硫灰渣制备地聚合物材料的研究进展

基于循环流化床燃煤固硫灰渣组成、结构及特性,提出以固硫灰渣制备地聚合物材料.综述了固硫灰渣制备地聚合物的研究进展,分析了影响其制备和性能的关键性因素.     

燃煤灰渣火山灰反应活性

利用活性SiO2,Al2O3与石灰水化反应产物可溶解于稀盐酸的特性,对2种粉煤灰、2种沸腾炉渣和4种流化床固硫灰渣中具有火山灰活性的SiO2,Al2O3反应动力学进行了研究,并以此来评估不同种类燃煤灰渣的火山灰反应活性.结果表明:所采用燃煤灰渣的活性SiO2,Al2O3火山灰反应均符合一级反应动力学模型;活性Al2O3反应速率常数大于活性SiO2,而表观活化能相反;沸腾炉渣和流化床固硫灰渣火山灰活性接近,均明显高于粉煤灰;高温对粉煤灰火山灰活性的激发更为有利.     

固硫灰渣对减水剂吸附作用研究

采用离心法对含减水剂的燃煤灰渣-水泥胶凝系统进行分离,用紫外-可见分光光度计研究固硫灰渣对聚羧酸和脂肪族减水剂的吸附规律。结果显示,固硫灰渣-水泥系统对减水剂的吸附量大于粉煤灰-水泥系统;燃煤灰渣掺量越大,对减水剂的吸附量也越大;相比脂肪族减水剂,聚羧酸减水剂吸附量对燃煤灰渣掺量比较敏感。研究表明,当固硫灰渣用作水泥混凝土掺合料时,从减水剂吸附的角度来看,掺量较低时适合采用聚羧酸减水剂,而掺量较高时宜采用脂肪族减水剂。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。