基于Sentinel-1A数据的天津地区PS-InSAR地面沉降监测与分析

为有效预防地面沉降带来的灾害,利用2015年4月~2018年2月天津地区的24景Sentinel-1A数据,进行了永久散射体干涉测量处理,并使用高精度轨道数据和TanDEM-X DEM修正残差相位,提取了3 a的地面沉降结果,结合土地利用类型、水文、地质和交通等数据,分析了多处沉降地区的特征和形成原因,最后和小基线集方法的监测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:近3 a来天津城区沉降治理效果显著,平均沉降速率在8 mm/a以内,郊区沉降仍然严重,沉降速率在50~70 mm/a,沉降最为严重的区域为武清区王庆坨镇,3 a累计沉降量超过200 mm,并且有和其他沉降漏斗连成片的趋势。地面沉降发生的区域与地下水漏斗形成的区域基本一致,且两种方法得到的累积形变量差值95%在5 mm以内,说明本研究结果可以为天津市地质灾害防治提供数据支撑和决策依据。     

Recent subsidence in Tianjin,China: observations from multi-looking TerraSAR-X InSAR from 2009 to 2013

Tianjin, China, has been suggested to have serious ground subsidence due to excessive extraction of groundwater. It is essential to monitor this subsidence, which has potential hazards and risks. Time series InSAR (TS-InSAR), such as small baselines subset (SBAS), is a powerful tool that can monitor ground deformation with high accuracy and at high spatial resolution over a long time interval. However, the high computational complexity may exceed computer memory limit when high-spatial resolution SAR (such as TerraSAR-X, TSX) images are used. In this article, the multi-look approach is introduced to the SBAS tool from StaMPS/MTI (Stanford method for persistent scatter/multi-temporal InSAR) in order to balance the spatial resolution and subsidence information in detection. The looks used for multi-looking are first fixed in terms of the accuracy of deformation and the density of coherent points. Then, the recent subsidence in Tianjin is extracted using multi-looking SBAS based on 48 TSX images acquired from 2009 to 2013. The results are validated by levelling measurements with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.7 mm year^–1, which demonstrates that SBAS analysis can effectively monitor deformation based on multi-looking TSX acquisitions in the area under investigation. Besides, the results also show that Tianjin has been suffering from subsidence during this period, and there were two separate large subsidence basins located in this study area with more than 500 mm cumulative subsidence. Moreover, the subsidence rate increased after December 2010 in Tianjin.     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的围填海区域地面沉降监测

以围填海活动为代表的沿海快速城市化过程,是引起地面沉降的重要影响因素之一。研究聚焦沿海围填海活动热点区域广州市南沙区,使用2015年6月~2018年4月共34景Sentinel-1数据,应用SBAS-InSAR技术,揭示了南沙区在研究时段内地面沉降的时空变化格局及演变特征。结果表明：①南沙区整体呈现持续沉降的趋势,沉降速率分化严重,平均沉降速率达到3.2 mm/a,圈层分析法显示中心圈层平均沉降速率为2.6 mm/a,最外层平均沉降速率为26.8 mm/a;②该区地面沉降在空间上呈现出异质性,主要分布在东部和南部,其中南部万顷沙、龙穴岛地面沉降最为严重,最大年沉降速率达到72.2 mm/a,在2015年6月~9月还出现地面沉降回弹现象,可能是台风天气带来季节性强降水变化影响。③基于不同极化方式的Sentinel-1数据进行交叉验证,VV极化、VH极化监测结果平均值分别为2.09 mm和1.01 mm,均方根误差分别为1.12 mm和2.65 mm。结果表明：SBAS-InSAR技术在提取围填海区域的地面沉降信息方面是有效可靠的,能更好地为监测沿海地区的地面沉降情况提供科学依据。     

COSMO-SkyMed数据在常州市地表形变监测中的应用

小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)已成功应用于城市地表形变监测,并表现出极大的潜力和优势。X波段高分辨率雷达卫星在地表微小形变探测方面较C波段和L波段更为敏感。选取覆盖常州地区COSMO-SkyMed高分辨率SAR影像,采用SBAS-InSAR方法获得了地表形变时间序列,对比水准观测数据,分析了干涉测量结果的精度,根据历史地下水位监测数据,分析了地下水水位变化对地表形变的影响。结果表明:干涉测量结果与水准观测数据具有很好的一致性,沉降区域主要发生在武进区,最大沉降量超过-40mm,主城区出现了轻微的回弹现象,回弹达到+5mm;地下水水位持续上升与地面沉降减缓、地面回弹趋势一致,地下水水位变化仍然是常州市地表形变的主要影响因素。     

基于PS-InSAR技术的廊坊市地面沉降监测研究

随着城市化进程的加速发展,地面沉降危害不断加剧。以廊坊市城区为示范研究区,选取近5 a的ENVISat卫星ASAR数据,采用永久散射体干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术,提取廊坊市城区2003~2007年时间序列地面沉降形变信息,并对廊坊市地面沉降空间分布特征进行初步分析。研究结果表明:廊坊市城区年平均沉降速率在-19.2~18.7mm/a之间变化,沉降中心主要分布在城区北部地区,对城市基础设施及施工建设产生严重影响。     

基于PS-InSAR的天津地区沉降监测及分析

城市地面沉降监测是保障城市安全建设和健康发展的重要手段之一，而传统的沉降监测方法无法大尺度反映地面形变信息。针对近几年天津地区出现大面积沉降现象，利用Sentinel-1A数据基于永久散射体干涉测量技术开展城区大范围沉降监测研究并分析了地面沉降原因。结果表明：近年来天津地区多处出现地面沉降，严重沉降区集中天津的武清区、北辰区以及郊区乡镇结合区域的王庆坨镇、胜芳镇、左各庄镇、静海镇以及大寺镇,其最大沉降漏斗位于王庆坨镇，沉降速率为-63.2 mm/a。经分析发现天津地面沉降与地下水过度开采、大型工业区的迁移和建设以及活动断裂带地质活动有关。     

基于PS-InSAR的天津地区沉降监测及分析

城市地面沉降监测是保障城市安全建设和健康发展的重要手段之一,而传统的沉降监测方法无法大尺度反映地面形变信息。针对近几年天津地区出现大面积沉降现象,利用Sentinel-1A数据基于永久散射体干涉测量技术开展城区大范围沉降监测研究并分析了地面沉降原因。结果表明：近年来天津地区多处出现地面沉降,严重沉降区集中天津的武清区、北辰区以及郊区乡镇结合区域的王庆坨镇、胜芳镇、左各庄镇、静海镇以及大寺镇,其最大沉降漏斗位于王庆坨镇,沉降速率为-63.2 mm/a。经分析发现天津地面沉降与地下水过度开采、大型工业区的迁移和建设以及活动断裂带地质活动有关。     

Characterization and causes of land subsidence in Beijing,China

Long-term overexploitation of groundwater is the primary factor causing regional land subsidence in the Beijing plain area, China. Currently, large subsidence funnels exist, one each in southern and northern Beijing. We adopted the multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) method, incorporating both persistent scatterer (PS) and small baseline (SB) approaches on 47 Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) single look complex (SLC) images to map land subsidence in the Beijing plain area. The temporal and spatial variations of land subsidence and its seasonal variation were explained by the MT-InSAR results. Then, the InSAR results were combined with the dynamic monitoring of groundwater level, extensometer measurements, and hydrogeological data; the characterization and causes of land subsidence were analysed with Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis methods. The results show the following. 1) Land subsidence developed rapidly in the Beijing plain area from 2003 to 2010, with obviously uneven settlement; settlement rates exceeded 100 mm year^?1 in some areas. Seasonal variation in settlement rates may be affected by changes in the precipitation rates and the exploitation of groundwater. 2) The contribution of different aquifer systems to land subsidence varies. The variation in the groundwater level in the second confined aquifer, at a depth of 100–180 m, has the greatest impact on land subsidence. 3) The settlement is centred in the lower part of the Wenyu–Chaobai and Yongding alluvial fan areas, where the compressible layer is more than 100 m thick. Meanwhile, land subsidence forms a structural feature with larger differences in the deformation gradient on both sides of faults.     

InSAR time-series analysis of land subsidence in Bangkok,Thailand

Land subsidence poses a serious risk to the low-lying coastal city of Bangkok, Thailand; major flooding occurred there in 1983 and again in 2011. Extreme water pumping in the past led to subsidence rates of up to 120 mm year^?1. Although water extraction is now controlled, maximum rates measured by levelling today are still up to 20 mm year^?1. In this study, we apply interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series analysis to study subsidence in Bangkok between October 2005 and March 2010. We validate the InSAR results, by comparing levelling rates and find good agreement between the two techniques. We detect approximately 300,000 coherent pixels overall, with an average density of 120 observations per km². This is two orders of magnitude greater than the density of levelling benchmarks and reveals subsiding areas that are missed by the levelling network.     

The present status of subsiding land vulnerable to roof collapse in the Jharia Coalfield,India, as obtained from shorter temporal baseline C-band DInSAR by smaller spatial subset unwrapped phase profiling

In this paper, we identified recently subsiding areas in Jharia Coalfield, Jharkhand, India from the shorter temporal baseline Radarsat-2 C-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data pairs of 2012. Although shorter wavelength C-band differential InSAR (DInSAR) is more sensitive to slow deformation and better suited for higher precision land subsidence measurement, the dynamic and adverse land cover in mining areas and resulting temporal decorrelation problem poses a serious problem for DInSAR observation in mining areas. We used smaller temporal baseline data pairs and adopted InSAR coherence-guided incremental filtering with smaller moving windows to highlight the deformation fringes over temporal decorrelation noise. We identified the deformation fringes and validated them based on ground information to prepare the land subsidence map of the coalfield in 2012. Several new, previously unreported subsidence areas were detected in the present study with a total subsiding area of 6.9 km². The recent incidence of roof collapse on 15 November 2014 at Angar Patra village in Katras region of the coalfield where 45 houses collapsed and 10 people were injured is situated in a highly subsiding vulnerable area as obtained from the present study. Due to spatial discontinuities of InSAR coherence, DInSAR phase unwrapping for the entire study area in one go did not appear feasible. To avoid this problem, we performed DInSAR processing in smaller spatial subsets and unwrapping of the subset interferograms by a ‘minimum cost flow’ algorithm. Subsequently, we plotted unwrapped phase profiles across the deformation fringes and retrieved the maximum deformation phase with respect to background phase and translated them into radar line of sight (LOS) displacement rates. For obtaining the average subsidence rates, we adopted InSAR coherence-weighted LOS displacement rates taking into account the contribution of each data pair as a function of DInSAR phase quality of the fringe areas. Ground-based subsidence measurements by precision levelling were conducted in four test sites that had been undergoing active underground mining during the observation period. We compared space-borne DInSAR-based subsidence rates obtained by the adopted technique with precision levelling measurements. Overall, the results are found to agree well. In the four test sites with gentle to flat topography, land subsidence occurs at slow to moderate rates due to compression of in-filled material (resulting from sand stowing in underground mining), without any evidence of roof collapse. In such cases, the horizontal displacement component is less significant, and overall surface displacement occurs essentially in the vertical direction. However, we assessed the nature of subtle horizontal strain to infer relative shrinkage or dilation of the land surface which could be additive or subtractive to vertical displacement in DInSAR-based LOS displacement.     

Data fusion for investigating land subsidence and coal fire hazards in a coal mining area

Coal mining areas all over the world are often threatened by serious environmental hazards such as the occurrence of coal fires, land subsidence, etc. Coal fires burn away the natural non-renewable coal resources, locally raise the temperature of the area, emit polluting gases such as oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen, and when present underground are even the cause of land subsidence. Mining-induced subsidences, on the other hand, cause horizontal and vertical movements in the land surface, and open cracks and fissures that serve as inlets for oxygen, which in turn aggravate the problem of coal fires. These inter-related phenomena often render the mining areas unfit for human inhabitation and the commercial exploitation of coal nearly impossible in some parts. In this study, satellite data acquired in three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, namely optical, thermal and microwave, along with field data, are used to identify the areas affected by coal fires and land subsidence in a coalfield in north-west China. Data fusion techniques are used for an integrated analysis of this complex problem.     

Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR

We studied the surface deformations affecting the southeastern sector of the Po Plain sedimentary basin, in particular the area of Bologna. To this aim an advanced DInSAR technique, referred to as DInSAR-SBAS (Small BAseline Subset), has been applied. This technique allows monitoring the temporal evolution of a deformation phenomenon, via the generation of mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series from a data set of acquired SAR images. In particular, we have processed a set of SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) sensors and compared the achieved results with optical levelling measurements, assumed as reference. The surface displacements detected by DInSAR SBAS from 1992 to 2000 are between 10 mm/year in the historical part of Bologna town, and up to 59 mm/year in the NE industrial and agricultural areas. Former measurements from optical levelling referred to 1897 show 2-3 mm/year vertical movements. This trend of displacement increased in the second half of the 20th century and the subsidence rate reached 60 mm/year. We compared the more recent levelling campaigns (in 1992 and late 1999) and DInSAR results from 1992 to 1999. The standard deviation of the difference between levelling data, projected onto the satellite Line Of Sight, and DInSAR results is 2 mm/year. This highlights a good agreement between the measurements provided by two different techniques. The explanation of soil movements based on interferometric results, ground data and geological observations, allowed confirming the anthropogenic cause (surface effect due to the overexploitation of the aquifers) and highlights a natural, tectonic, subsidence.     

Dynamic monitoring of land subsidence in mining area from multi-source remote-sensing data – a case study at Yanzhou,China

Energy consumption in China is currently based on coal, but the exploitation of coal resources is accompanied by serious threats to the environment. In order to balance mine exploitation, land resource protection and land reclamation, there is an opportunity for monitoring land subsidence in mining area. This article examines a case study of Yanzhou mining area (YZMA) and proposes a new method for dynamic monitoring of land subsidence, which is a hybrid approach using a combination of multi-scale edge detection, relational model establishment and digital elevation model (DEM) difference analysis. A wavelet transform is used to extract the edges of water and marsh, which are buffered with the model to achieve the acquisition of the subsidence edge. DEM difference analysis is finally used to modify the results. The results indicate that this hybrid method improves subsidence monitoring performance by ±0.02 km² of the area accuracy. This method can be viewed as an effective approach to monitor a wide range of land subsidence in plain mining areas of China.     

基于D-InSAR技术的唐山万达广场地区沉降监测及其安全性评价

唐山市万达广场南边为煤矿区,由于开采引起的地面沉降,直接影响到城市建筑物的安全,因此,采用D-InSAR形变监测手段获取煤矿区及周边地区的沉降时空分布特征显得尤为重要。收集了2004年～2008年唐山市万达广场及周边地区的3景ENVISAT ASAR数据,使用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术来研究地面沉降对万达广场建设及周边地区的影响,获得了两期地面沉降结果,并将结果结合GIS技术对广场的建设进行安全性分析。实验结果表明:唐山煤矿地下开采引起的地面沉降从2004年开始没有再向万达广场的方向扩展,所以不会影响万达广场的建设,从而保证了广场的顺利建设和周边地区安全、有序的发展,也进一步验证了D-InSAR技术在煤矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

时序InSAR技术地表沉降监测结果可靠性及沉降梯度分析

为系统评价时序InSAR技术监测结果的精度和可靠性,进一步挖掘监测结果中隐藏的空间地理信息,利用两种时序InSAR技术对天津市及周边区域地表沉降情况进行监测,并基于水准数据测量结果、不同时序InSAR技术监测结果以及夜间灯光数据二次分析结果,研究了系统评价监测结果可靠性的方法,对监测结果进行了精度和可靠性的评价。在此基础上,基于ArcGIS空间插值与梯度分析方法,对研究区两个重点沉降区域进行了沉降梯度分析。研究结果表明:1研究区时序InSAR技术监测结果精度较高、可靠性较好;2重点沉降区域分布于天津市市区周边辖区,而市区相对比较稳定;3沉降梯度较大区域多分布于"沉降漏斗"的边缘,沉降梯度大小与沉降速率之间没有直接联系。     

The change of land cover and land use and its impact factors in upriver key regions of the Yellow River

Owing to the influence of global change, land cover and land use have changed significantly over the last decade in the cold and arid regions of China, such as Madoi County which is located in the source area of the Yellow River. In this paper, land‐use/cover change and landscape dynamics are investigated using satellite remote sensing (RS) and a geographical information system (GIS). The objectives of this paper are to determine land‐use/cover transition rates between different cover types in the Madoi County over 10 years e.g., from 1990 to 2000. Second, the changes of landscape metrics using various indices and models are quantified. The impact factors of LUCC (Land‐Use land cover Change) are systematically identified by integrating remote sensing as well as statistical data, including climate, frozen soil, hydrological data and the socio‐economic data. Using 30 m×30 m spatial resolution Landsat (Enhanced) Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM+) data in our study area, nine land cover classes can be discriminated. Our results show that Grassland, Marshes and Water Bodies decrease notably, while oppositely, Sands ‐ Gobi and Barren land increase significantly. The number of lakes with an acreage larger than six hectares decreased from 405 in 1990 to 261 in 2000. Numerous small lakes dried out. The area of grassland with a high cover fraction decreased as well, while the surface area of grassland with a medium level of cover fraction increased. The medium cover fraction grassland mainly originates from high cover fraction grassland. The desertification of land is a serious issue. (ii) The inter‐transformations between Grasslands, Barren Land, Sands, Gobi, Water Bodies and Marshes are remarkable. The Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index (SWDI), the Evenness Index (EI) and the extent of Landscape Heterogeneity (LH) has improved. Marshes have become more fragmented hence, with less connected patches. (iii) In the recent 30 years, average annual temperature, the power of evaporation and the index of dryness did increase significantly. Moreover, soil moisture content (SMC) decreased and the drought trend accelerated. The degradation of frozen soil has impacted on the decrease of surface water area and induced a drop in groundwater levels. Monitoring LUCC in sensitive regions would not only benefit from a study of vulnerable ecosystems in cold and high altitude regions, but would provide scientifically based decision‐making tools for local governments as well.     

Characterizing urban sprawl using multi-stage remote sensing images and landscape metrics

This study intends to explore the spatial analytical methods to identify both general trends and more subtle patterns of urban land changes. Landsat imagery of metropolitan Kansas City, USA was used to generate time series of land cover data over the past three decades. Based on remotely sensed land cover data, landscape metrics were calculated. Both the remotely sensed data and landscape metrics were used to characterize long-term trends and patterns of urban sprawl. Land cover change analyses at the metropolitan, county, and city levels reveal that over the past three decades the significant increase of built-up land in the study area was mainly at the expense of non-forest vegetation cover. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the land cover changes allowed the identification of fast and slow sprawling areas. The landscape metrics were analyzed across jurisdictional levels to understand the effects of the built-up expansion on the forestland and non-forest vegetation cover. The results of the analysis suggest that at the metropolitan level both the areas of non-forest vegetation and the forestland became more fragmented due to development while large forest patches were less affected. Metrics statistics show that this landscape effect occurred moderately at the county level, while it could be only weakly identified at the city level, suggesting a scale effect that the landscape response of urbanization can be better revealed within larger spatial units (e.g., a metropolitan area or a county as compared to a city). The interpretation of the built-up patch density metrics helped identify different stages of urbanization in two major urban sprawl directions of the metropolitan area. Land consumption indices (LCI) were devised to relate the remotely sensed built-up growth to changes in housing and commercial constructions as major driving factors, providing an effective measure to compare and characterize urban sprawl across jurisdictional boundaries and time periods.     

Monitoring of recent ground surface subsidence in the Cangzhou region by the use of the InSAR time-series technique with multi-orbit Sentinel-1 TOPS imagery

ABSTRACT

By collecting 39 scenes of descending images and 26 scenes of ascending images of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we monitored the ground subsidence situation of Cangzhou in China during the period from March 2015 to February 2017 with the advanced synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) time-series technique and obtained the time-series subsidence rates of Cangzhou. We then selected the two sets of results of the monitoring obtained during the same period (from July 2015 to December 2016) to verify the results’ accuracy, considering three overlapping areas (Xinhua District, Botou County, and Dongguang County). This analysis clearly indicated that both types of results have good consistency, and the maximum subsidence occurred in Dongguang County. By further study of the central area of Dongguang and the related urban development, we found that the subsidence reached about 80.0 mm over the study period and there was a close relationship between the subsidence trend and the main direction of the city development. Moreover, by combining the two sets of results, we confirmed that there has been subsidence of the high-speed railway line in the whole of the Cangzhou area, among which the most obvious subsidence has occurred in Dongguang and Qing Counties. Finally, it was proved that the Sentinel-1 data can be used to monitor ground surface subsidence, and the data are especially effective in identifying persistent scatterer points along a linear feature. Therefore, this article could provide reliable data to assist with important decisions about urban development projects in the Cangzhou area in the next few years.     

Study on Dynamic Remote Sensing Monitoring of LUCC and Soilwind Erosion Intensity in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Region

The Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC) and soil wind erosion intensity of the Beijing\|Tianjin sandstorm source control project region were monitored by remote sensing.The spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC and soil wind erosion in the project region were analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in LUCC and soil erosion intensity before and after the project was implemented.In the recent 30 years,the LUCC process mainly manifested the change from cultivated land reclamation to ecological conversion of farmland to forest and grass,with the ecological restoration and desertification effectively inhibited.The overall arable land showed an increase and then decreased.The area of arable land increased from 2000 to 2015,the area of cultivated land converted to forest and grassland was 446.10 km² and 1 129.32 km²,with the most obvious in the west;the area of land for construction expanded obviously;the trend of unutilized land decreased significantly The type of conversion is dominated by grassland conversion to grassland with an area of 493.12 km².The erosion-mitigating modulus of soil erosion in the project region with wind-blown sand control decreased overall,especially after the implementation of ecological engineering (p<0.001).The eastern and southern areas are covered with high-coverage grassland and soil wind erosion in the area with the main type is small;Soil wind erosion in the Hunshandake sandy land is larger,but the overall trend is decreasing.Different land use/cover types have a greater impact on soil wind erosion intensity.The order of soil wind erosion modulus is Sandy land> Sparse grass> Moderate grass>dryland> Shrub>Paddy>Dense grass> Other woods> Sparse woods> Forest;The conversion of low coverage to high coverage grassland types effectively inhibited soil erosion (-66.12%),and the increase of vegetation coverage effectively reduced soil erosion.The soil wind erosion increased (58.26%) in the surrounding area of sandy area,the soil wind erosion increasedduring the conversion process of low coverage grassland type,and the grassland was converted into sand,and the wind erosion in the dry land increased.     

Surface deformation over the buried Nasr Abad salt diapir,Central Iran using interferometric synthetic aperture radar data

ABSTRACT

This study employs interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data sets to monitor the surface deformation of the Nasr Abad buried salt diapir in the Central Basin of Iran. The Nasr Abad salt diapir is one of the largest buried salt diapirs in Iran and could be ideal site for oil/gas storage and industrial waste disposal. In this study, we use 40 advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) images from Environmental Satellite (EnviSat) to analyse surface displacement rates of Nasr Abad diapir and its surrounding regions. A time series of line-of-sight (LOS) displacements on the residual cap above the buried diapir were obtained from both descending and ascending images between 2003 and 2010 by applying the Small-BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique. Tropospheric artefacts in the displacement interferograms were mitigated using the power-law correction method in Toolbox for Reducing Atmospheric InSAR Noise (TRAIN) software. Finally, the data for temperature, precipitation, and tidal forces were correlated with the time-series displacement results of four points that located on the residual cap. Our results indicate that surface above the diapir and an area of about 2 km² subsided with maximum LOS velocity of about 7 mm year^?1 for ascending images and 5 mm year^?1 for descending images. The amount of vertical subsidence derived from LOS decomposition in reactive stage of Nasr Abad salt body is about 7 mm year^?1. Comparing the temperature and precipitation data with the time series of displacement confirmed that the salt expands when temperatures increases and that salt flow accelerates when it is wet. The displacement pattern retrieved from InSAR analysis is in good agreement with intervals near maximum and minimum solid earth tides. Monitoring the activities of the Nasr Abad region over 7 years shows that the region of surface subsidence is confined to the area along the Khurabad and AbShirin-Shurab Fault zones in the southern Central Basin.