A Heuristic Algorithm for Task Scheduling Based on Mean Load on Grid

Efficient task scheduling is critical to achieving high performance on grid computing environment. The task scheduling on grid is studied as optimization problem in this paper. A heuristic task scheduling algorithm satisfying resources load balancing on grid environment is presented. The algorithm schedules tasks by employing mean load based on task predictive execution time as heuristic information to obtain an initial scheduling strategy. Then an optimal scheduling strategy is achieved by selecting two machines satisfying condition to change their loads via reassigning their tasks under the heuristic of their mean load. Methods of selecting machines and tasks are given in this paper to increase the throughput of the system and reduce the total waiting time. The efficiency of the algorithm is analyzed and the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated via extensive simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the heuristic algorithm performs significantly to ensure high load balancing and achieve an optimal scheduling strategy almost all the time. Furthermore, results show that our algorithm is high efficient in terms of time complexity.     

基于任务复制的网格任务调度算法

网格中资源之间存在着通信延迟,通过任务复制的冗余,可以减少任务之间的通信开销,缩短整个计算程序的计算时间。目前网格中的任务调度算法基本上是没有考虑任务复制的;而基于任务复制调度算法往往会产生过多的复制任务,增大系统开销,甚至有可能延迟计算时间。由于基于任务复制的任务调度是一个NP问题,因此本文提出了一种基于任务复制的网格资源调度算法,以减少调度长度为主要目标、减少任务复制量和资源占用量为次要目标。该算法在调度长度和任务复制数量以及占用资源数量方面都等于或优于其它算法。     

基于Pfair的分布式实时调度策略Linux下实现

任务调度策略是嵌入式分布式实时系统关键问题之一,以Pfair公平调度为代表的全局调度技术是当前研究的热点,调度方法要在实际中得到应用,需要与具体的操作系统相结合.分析了分布式实时系统的调度理论,比较研究了几种Pfair算法,通过修改Linux内核的数据结构和调度函数,初步实现了Pfait的PD2算法,实验证明达到了预期的实验结果.     

Hadoop集群环境下集成抢占式调度策略的本地性调度算法设计

在Hadoop集群环境下本地性调度算法是提高数据本地性的算法。本地性调度算法的调度策略的本质是提高数据本地性,减少网络传输开销,避免阻塞。但是由于Map任务的完成时间不同,Reduce任务存在的等待现象影响了作业的平均完成时间,使得作业的完成时间增加,进而引起系统的性能参数不佳。因此提出在保留原算法数据本地性要求的基础上集成可抢占式的调度方法。在Reduce任务等待时,挂起该任务并释放资源给其他Map任务,当Map任务完成到一定程度后,重新调度Reduce任务。基于上述调度策略设计了集成抢占式策略的本地性调度。为了对改进的算法进行验证,通过实验对本地性调度算法和集成抢占式本地性调度算法进行比较。实验结果表明,在相同数据上,集成抢占式本地性调度算法的平均完成时间有明显的降低。     

基于GSPN和人工免疫算法的并行测试任务调度研究

针对ATS中并行测试任务调度复杂、难以优化的问题,提出了一种广义随机Petri网和人工免疫算法相结合的任务调度优化算法.首先对并行测试系统建立广义随机Petri网(GSPN)模型,然后将激发的变迁序列集作为并行测试任务调度路径;将免疫克隆选择算法(ICSA)应用到并行测试系统任务调度问题中,并提出一种自适应克隆选择算子,搜索最优任务调度路径,得到以测试时间最短为目标的最优任务调度方案.用某型雷达接收机并行测试系统对该算法进行仿真验证,结果表明,与改进的混合遗传算法(IHGA)相比,该算法能够便捷地得到任务调度最优序列,且测试效率更高.     

A bi-objective genetic algorithm for intelligent rehabilitation scheduling considering therapy precedence constraints

The rehabilitation inpatients in hospitals often complain about the service quality due to the long waiting time between the therapeutic processes. To enhance service quality, this study aims to propose an intelligent solution to reduce the waiting time through solving the rehabilitation scheduling problem. In particular, a bi-objective genetic algorithm is developed for rehabilitation scheduling via minimizing the total waiting time and the makespan. The conjunctive therapy concept is employed to preserve the partial precedence constraints between the therapies and thus the present rehabilitation scheduling problem can be formulated as an open shop scheduling problem, in which a special decoding algorithm is designed. We conducted an empirical study based on real data collected in a general hospital for validation. The proposed approach considered both the hospital operational efficiency and the patient centralized service needs. The results have shown that the waiting time of each inpatient can be reduced significantly and thus demonstrated the practical viability of the proposed bi-objective heuristic genetic algorithm.     

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for flexible job-shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time

This study addresses flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) with fuzzy processing time. An improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is proposed for FJSP cases defined in existing literature and realistic instances in remanufacturing where the uncertainty of the processing time is modeled as fuzzy processing time. The objectives are to minimize the maximum fuzzy completion time and the maximum fuzzy machine workload, respectively. The goal is to make the scheduling algorithm as part of expert and intelligent scheduling system for remanufacturing decision support. A simple and effective heuristic rule is developed to initialize population. Extensive computational experiments are carried out using five benchmark cases and eight realistic instances in remanufacturing. The proposed heuristic rule is evaluated using five benchmark cases for minimizing the maximum fuzzy completion time and the maximum fuzzy machine workload objectives, respectively. IABC algorithm is compared to six meta-heuristics for maximum fuzzy completion time criterion. For maximum fuzzy machine workload, IABC algorithm is compared to six heuristics. The results and comparisons show that IABC algorithm can solve FJSP with fuzzy processing time effectively, both benchmark cases and real-life remanufacturing instances. For practical remanufacturing problem, the schedules by IABC algorithm can satisfy the requirement in real-life shop floor. The IABC algorithm can be as part of expert and intelligent scheduling system to supply decision support for remanufacturing scheduling and management.     

增强Linux内核实时任务调度性能的研究

分析基本Linux内核的调度策略,指出其应用于实时系统时存在的不足,提出了一种增强Linux内核调度性能的实时任务调度策略和调度算法。结合任务的关键性、截止期和执行时间三要素,该调度策略通过三运行队列代替原Linux内核的单运行队列,分别对应系统的硬实时、软实时和非实时任务,保证了硬实时任务的实时性;不同于简单的FIFO调度算法,该调度算法根据任务的最小松弛时间和重要性来确定其在当前运行队列中的优先级,仿真结果表明此算法提高了实时调度性能。     

性能随时间衰减的锅炉蒸汽系统循环调度

针对性能随时间衰减的锅炉蒸汽系统的循环调度问题进行了研究.首先建立了描述该问题的混合整数非线性模型;然后提出了确定各锅炉循环运行状态的时间分段策略以简化问题的求解;最后应用列队竞争算法对该混合整数非线性规划问题进行优化计算.采用某锅炉蒸汽系统循环调度的实例对所提出的方法进行了验证,计算结果表明循环调度优化能够获得比人工随机安排更优的调度方案,节能效果十分明显.     

Minimizing makespan for flow shop scheduling problem with intermediate buffers by using hybrid approach of artificial immune system

In this study, three new meta-heuristic algorithms artificial immune system (AIS), iterated greedy algorithm (IG) and a hybrid approach of artificial immune system (AIS-IG) are proposed to minimize maximum completion time (makespan) for the permutation flow shop scheduling problem with the limited buffers between consecutive machines. As known, this category of scheduling problem has wide application in the manufacturing and has attracted much attention in academic fields. Different from basic artificial immune systems, the proposed AIS-IG algorithm is combined with destruction and construction phases of iterated greedy algorithm to improve the local search ability. The performances of these three approaches were evaluated over Taillard, Carlier and Reeves benchmark problems. It is shown that the AIS-IG and AIS algorithms not only generate better solutions than all of the well-known meta heuristic approaches but also can maintain their quality for large scale problems.     

Matching and scheduling algorithms for minimizing execution timeand failure probability of applications in heterogeneous computing

In a heterogeneous distributed computing system, machine and network failures are inevitable and can have an adverse effect on applications executing on the system. To reduce the effect of failures on an application executing on a failure-prone system, matching and scheduling algorithms which minimize not only the execution time but also the probability of failure of the application must be devised. However, because of the conflicting requirements, it is not possible to minimize both of the objectives at the same time. Thus, the goal of this paper is to develop matching and scheduling algorithms which account for both the execution time and the reliability of the application. This goal is achieved by modifying an existing matching and scheduling algorithm. The reliability of resources is taken into account using an incremental cost function proposed in this paper and the new algorithm is referred to as the reliable dynamic level scheduling algorithm. The incremental cost function can be defined based on one of the three cost functions developed here. These cost functions are unique in the sense that they are not restricted to tree-based networks and a specific matching and scheduling algorithm. The simulation results confirm that the proposed incremental cost function can be incorporated into matching and scheduling algorithms to produce schedules where the effect of failures of machines and network resources on the execution of the application is reduced and the execution time of the application is minimized as well     

基于区块链的云制造系统内可信资源调度方案

针对目前云制造系统中存在的各参与主体间信任问题以及资源调度效率问题,研究了将区块链技术应用于云制造系统中.首先,阐述了区块链技术应用于云制造系统的意义,提出了一种基于区块链技术的云制造系统;其次,设计了基于智能合约的制造资源调度方式,构建制造成本最小、时间最短、合格率最高的资源调度模型并用差分进化算法进行求解;最后,进行实验仿真.结果表明,基于区块链技术的智能合约内进行资源调度方法在保证了系统内各参与主体间相互信任的同时,有效地提高了云制造系统的资源调度效率和资源调度方案的优越性.     

A clonal selection algorithm for urban bus vehicle scheduling

The bus vehicle scheduling problem addresses the task of assigning vehicles to cover the trips in a timetable. In this paper, a clonal selection algorithm based vehicle scheduling approach is proposed to quickly generate satisfactory solutions for large-scale bus scheduling problems. Firstly, a set of vehicle blocks (consecutive trips by one bus) is generated based on the maximal wait time between any two adjacent trips. Then a subset of blocks is constructed by the clonal selection algorithm to produce an initial vehicle scheduling solution. Finally, two heuristics adjust the departure times of vehicles to further improve the solution. The proposed approach is evaluated using a real-world vehicle scheduling problem from the bus company of Nanjing, China. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can generate satisfactory scheduling solutions within 1 min.     

基于时间帧的处理器PFair调度改进算法

为了解决PFair算法进行交互任务调度时,由于忽略了不同阶段的周期性任务而导致多个线程之间任务的迁移问题以及空间和时间的浪费问题,提出了基于时间帧的处理器PFair调度改进算法。该算法基于周期性任务系统的特点,引入时间帧控制和改变本地周期性任务调度来限制任务迁移,从而实现对PFair算法的改进。为了评估算法的迁移开销和公平性,通过实验对普通PFair算法及本文所提出的改进算法ERfair进行对比实验,结果表明,改进算法ERfair能够通过时间帧内调度和分区控制大大降低任务在不同处理器间的迁移次数。基于时间帧的处理器PFair调度改进算法在保证公平性的同时,提高了系统的效率,应用于多核处理器上的任务调度是可行的、有效的。     

Simulation-based two-phase genetic algorithm for the capacitated re-entrant line scheduling problem

In this paper, we develop a simulation-based two-phase genetic algorithm for the capacitated re-entrant line scheduling problem. The structure of a chromosome consists of two sub-chromosomes for buffer allocation and server allocation, respectively, while considering all possible states of the system in terms of buffer levels of workstations and assigning a preferred job stage to each component of the chromosome. As an implementation of the suggested algorithm, a job priority-based randomized policy is defined, which reflects the job priority and the properness of local non-idling in allocating buffering and processing capacity to available job instances. The algorithm is combined with a polynomial time sub-optimal deadlock avoidance policy, namely, Bankers algorithm, and the fitness of a chromosome was evaluated based on simulation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through a numerical experiment, showing that the suggested approach holds considerable promise for providing effective and computationally efficient approximations to the optimal scheduling policy that consistently outperforms the typically employed heuristics.     

基于增量表达式的滚动发电计划模型与其求解算法研究

滚动发电计划是对日前计划的有效补充。在实际调度过程中,基于电网当前的运行状态与最新的预测信息,制定机组的滚动发电计划,能有效消除日前计划所存在的偏差,降低实时调度工作量,提升电网运行安全性。本文针对当前滚动计划研究中存在的对日前计划改变过大,求解效率较低两方面问题,以相对日前计划改变量作为决策变量,设计了基于增量表达式的滚动计划模型;并从模型目标项含二次项的特点出发,设计了基于拉格朗日对偶法的分解协调算法。最后通过我国某省实际算例验证了所提出模型与算法的实用性。     

基于优先级的气象水文数据处理调度算法研究

针对气象水文数据广播接收系统升级改造后造成接收速度大于存储速度，影响数据接收效率的问题，本文在提出基于文件已接收时间与其价值的 ETV 算法基础上，通过对应急数据处理优先级顺序进行改进，形成基于优先级的气象水文数据处理调度算法并实现。对算法进行仿真实验和实例执行，结果表明，比起原有的顺序调度算法，基于优先级的气象水文数据处理调度算法在性能方面和在及时性方面都有明显的改进。     

Communication-aware task scheduling and voltage selection for total energy minimization in a multiprocessor system using Ant Colony Optimization

Energy consumption is a key parameter when highly computational tasks should be performed in a multiprocessor system. In this case, in order to reduce total energy consumption, task scheduling and low-power methodology should be combined in an efficient way. This paper proposes an algorithm for off-line communication-aware task scheduling and voltage selection using Ant Colony Optimization. The proposed algorithm minimizes total energy consumption of an application executing on a homogeneous multiprocessor system. The artificial agents explore the search space based on stochastic decision-making using global heuristic information with total energy consumption and local heuristic information with interprocessor communication volume. In search space exploration, both voltage selection and the dependencies between tasks are considered. The pheromone trails are updated by normalizing the total energy consumption. The pheromone trails represent the global heuristic information in order to utilize all entire energy consumption information from previous evaluated solutions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional communication-aware task scheduling and task scheduling using genetic algorithms in terms of total energy consumption.     

柔性作业车间调度问题的集成启发式算法

柔性作业车间调度问题,包括路径分配和加工排序2大子问题,是组合优化理论和实际生产管理的重要研究方向。作为传统作业车间调度的扩展,柔性作业车间调度问题的内在复杂性(强NP-Hard)使得传统的最优化方法难以有效求解。文章针对以多目标权重和最优为目标的柔性作业车间调度问题,提出基于过滤定向搜索的集成启发式算法,设计改进了节点分枝策略和局部/全局评价函数,能同时解决2大子问题。通过实例仿真,对算法性能进行比较分析和评价,结果表明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

RB-FIFT--一种结合Firstfit及预约回填策略的机群作业调度算法

机群作业管理是机群系统软件的重要组成部分,作业调度策略则是机群作业管理系统的核心．作业调度策略的选择不仅关系到机群系统的效率,还影响了用户作业的响应时间．目前,Firstfit调度算法已经相当成熟并且广泛应用于机群作业调度．传统的Firstfit算法虽然着眼于减少资源碎片,但未能解决作业饥饿问题．曙光超级服务器作业管理系统JMS改进了既有的结合Firstfit和优先级的作业调度算法P-FIFT,将预约和回填策略与Firstfit相结合,引入了新的RB-FIFT调度策略．实验结果表明,与传统Firstfit算法及P—FIFT算法比较,RB-FIFT调度策略不但能够消除系统中作业的饥饿现象,而且大大减少了资源碎片,提高了系统的吞吐率和资源利用率．