煤矸石在流化床燃烧器着火特性的试验研究

介绍在小型流化床燃烧器中进行的煤矸石着火过程试验研究。以沸腾着火指数为指标定量描述了不同粒度煤矸石在不同床温下的着火特性，寻找了最低着火温度，为该种煤矸石流化订床燃烧器提供了设计依据。     

淮北矿区煤矸石与煤混合燃烧特性的研究

本文利用STA-409PC热重分析仪,研究了淮北矿区不同质量比的煤矸石与煤混配样品的燃烧性能与动力学特性。结果表明：随着混配样品中的煤比例的增加,其着火温度和燃尽温度都有所降低,综合燃烧特性指数都有所增大,着火和燃烧特性都得到改善。本文还利用Coats--Redfern积分法对上述样品燃烧过程进行了动力学分析,得出淮北矿区煤矸石与煤混煤的燃烧反应历程服从1．5级的化学反应,对优化超临界流化床（简称CFB）锅炉混配燃料的运行具有重要意义。     

无油点火燃烧器着火距离的影响因素

为了缓解石油供需矛盾，节约能源，提高电厂的经济效益，发明了基于电磁感应原理的无油点火燃烧器，在3.5 MW的试验用W型锅炉上，进行了着火距离影响因素的试验研究.在保持相同的风速与壁温的条件下, 试验通过对燃烧器内轴向温度场的测量，以及出口燃烧产物的取样分析，研究了对电磁感应无油点火燃烧器的不同点火器结构以及煤种、煤粉气流质量分数等因素对着火距离的影响.实验结果表明，着火距离随着点火管内径的增大而增大， 随煤粉挥发分的增大而急剧减小，点火能随着管径的增大而减小，并存在一个最佳的旋流强度和煤粉质量分数，使煤粉气流的着火距离最短.     

煤颗粒在流化床中着火特性研究

根据经典的煤着火理论，从建立流化床内燃烧热平衡方程式入手，建立了煤着火的热力模型，并用一种褐煤在小型流化床上进行了实验研究。研究表明，对宽筛分褐煤，着火温度既是颗粒自身物性的函数，又是运行条件的函数。当其他条件确定以后，着火时间和熄火时间随初床温平滑变化。     

预燃室旋流燃烧器对水煤浆雾炬着火的强化

本文针对水煤浆雾炬的着火特点,为了达到强化其着火的目的。研制了预燃室旋流式燃烧器,并对燃烧器附近的空气动力场,传热特性等进行了较为详细的研究。结果表明,预燃室旋流燃烧器能够较好地组织炉内空气动力结构,产生一能够伸至炉内高温火焰区的中心回流区,在以卷吸高温烟气为主要点火热源的前提下,有效地组织对水煤浆雾炬的辐射,较好地适应水煤浆雾炬的着火特点,使其及时着火从而提高了炉内温度水平及提高煤浆的燃烧效率。与普通旋流燃烧器相比,燃烧器出口处的烟气温度约提高200℃左右。     

煤粉气流着火稳定性及低负荷燃烧不投油措施

以N125MW直流燃烧器固态排渣煤粉炉燃烧着火稳定性为研究对象,根据煤粉气流着火方式以及对影响煤粉气流着火因素的分析,提出提高煤粉气流着火稳定性以及低负荷燃烧不投油的控制措施,从而保证了煤粉的稳定着火,以保证锅炉安全稳定运行。     

章丘电厂#1炉改装小油枪后的技术经济性分析

针对章丘电厂#1锅炉频繁灭火问题进行分析研究，提出安装小油枪煤粉燃烧器，分析燃烧器稳定着火机理，通过技术改造，提高了电厂经济运行水平和安全可靠性，经济效益显，对同类锅炉的改造有一定的参考价值。     

镁在水蒸气中着火特性和模型分析

为研究镁在水蒸气中着火特性,采用可视化密闭燃烧器对镁颗粒进行加热后,观测到颗粒表面重复着氧化层沉积、破碎并剥落的过程,表面光泽明暗交替,直至发生着火.在高温管式炉上,研究加热速率、水蒸气质量分数和粒径对镁颗粒着火温度和着火延迟时间的影响规律.镁在水蒸气中着火前的反应主要是镁蒸发控制的均相反应,表面反应可以忽略.计算得到水蒸气中镁着火的活化能为150kJ/mol.建立常压下水蒸气中镁颗粒着火的能量方程,采用突变理论中的尖点突变模型分析水蒸气中镁的着火动力学过程,计算不同粒径的镁颗粒在静止水蒸气环境中的着火温度和着火延迟时间.结果表明,对于粒径小于50μm的镁颗粒,着火延迟时间不超过20ms.     

无烟煤燃烧器着火能力的判断

本根据各种容量级无烟煤锅炉的试验运行资料，从成败两个方面的经验教训中，综合出一种计算燃烧器的着火能力系数P的方法和公式，并认为当P值大于0．45—0．5／米，着火就能得到保证。本可供设计或改装无烟煤和不易着火的劣质煤燃烧嚣时参考。     

HG-465／13．7-L．PM7型循环流化床锅炉烘炉技术

针对HG-465/13．7-L．PM 7型循环流化床锅炉，提出了1种基于床下启动燃烧器预烘装置和冷渣器旁路热风技术的新型烘炉方法．新方法包括使用床下启动燃烧器预烘装置对床下启动燃烧器进行预烘，利用旁路热风管将冷渣器与床下启动燃烧器连接，实现冷渣器和锅炉本体同步烘炉．另外对新方法在整体烘炉中的控制要点进行了讨论．最后将该方法与另外2种方法进行了对比，并指出了各自的优缺点。     

Comparison of coal separation characteristics based on different separating approaches in dry coal beneficiation flowsheet

The separation characteristic of raw coal from Luoyang mining area, China, was investigated by applying a dry coal beneficiation flowsheet with the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed as main separating equipment. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed can provide uniform distribution and stable fluctuation of bed densities at various heights. Two types of different separating approaches were compared using the dry coal beneficiation flowsheet. Compared with obtaining cleaning coal in the first stage of the flowsheet, a higher yield of the cleaning coal and better separation efficiency can be achieved when discharging gangue in the first stage. Finally, the results indicate that 64.86% pure cleaning coal with an ash content of 11.77% and 13.53% middlings were obtained, and 21.61% gangue was removed in two successive separation stages with the probable errors of 0.05 and 0.07 g/cm3, respectively.     

模拟增压流化床燃烧室启动特性的研究

在一座截面为 0 .6 6 4× 0 .6 5 6 m2 的常压流化床燃烧室内 ,进行了热烟气启动增压流化床的系统性模拟试验研究和理论分析 .研制了与中试 PEBC装置成缩小比例的风室结构 ,水冷布风板和启燃室等系统部件 .分别用徐州烟煤、阳泉无烟煤、常州卜弋贫煤和焦作无烟煤矸石混煤 ,试验了热烟气点燃流化床的煤种适应性 .研究了加煤床温、加煤速率、埋管受热面、静止床高、热烟气温度和流量等参数对启动过程的影响规律以及床层温升速率的变化 .得到了较翔实和完整的增压流化床锅炉启动系统的结构设计参数和启动过程的运行参数     

Effect of the distributor plugging ways on fluidization quality and particle stratification in air dense medium fluidized bed

Gas-solid fluidized bed separation is a highly efficient and clean technique for coal separation, and can effectively remove ash and sulfur contained gangue minerals from coal. However, the fine coal plugging distributor often leads to uneven fluidization and affects the separation effect. In this paper, different plugging ways were designed to study their effects on the fluidization characteristics and particle mixing. It was found that when the plugging phenomenon occurs, the minimum fluidization velocity of the fluidized bed gradually decreases as the plugging area enlarges. The difference between the top and the bottom of the bed minimum fluidization velocity increases accordingly, and a “stagnation phenomenon” occurs in the bed. The standard deviation of pressure fluctuations at the top of the bed is smaller than that at the bottom of the bed, which is the opposite of normal conditions. As the area of the plugging increases, the dead zone on the side wall of the fluidized bed significantly increases. The size of the dead zone is rapid reducing at the initial stage. It was noticed that the stratification of the low-density products is particularly affected by plugging, whereas the stratification of high-density products is not obviously influenced by certain conditions.     

空气重介流化床密度稳定性的研究

本文通过对粉煤在气固两相流化床中分布情况的研究,找到了影响流化床层密度的粉煤粒级。在分选过程中,流化床内的粉煤将不断积聚,从而导致床层密度的降低。对此,本文采取了分流与介质补加的办法,以保持床层密度的稳定性,并建立了有关数学模型。     

PLC变频调速在空气重介质流化床中的应用

空气重介质流化床干法选煤是适用于缺水地区煤炭加工的一种方法．阐述了流化床床高和密度对分选过程的影响和重要性,针对其特定的工艺特点提出利用PLC对空气重介质流化床叶轮给料器进行变频调速,使流化床床高和密度保持均匀、稳定．     

21世纪高效干法选煤技术的发展

详细讨论了洁净煤分选技术的意义和现状,各种干法分选方法的特点以及空气重介质流化床选煤技术的优越性,空气重介质流化床选煤技术具有分选精度高,投资少,环境污染小,分选密度调节范围宽等特点,在该技术发展的基础上,在小于6mm细粒级振动流化床,三产品双密床层流化床,大于50mm大块煤深床型流化床以及小于1mm微粉煤摩擦电选技术等方面也取得了可喜的进展,在21世纪的洁净煤技术发展中,300到0mm全粒级煤炭的高效干法分选技术的研究与开发是非常重要的。     

空气分级与空气重介流化床分选联合工艺研究

分析了固体颗粒在气-固流化床中的受力情况和运动方程，通过理论分析和实验得出了空气重介流化床分选入料的适宜粒级。讨论了空气重介流化床分选对入料粒度上下限的控制方法和存在问题，介绍了潮湿原煤空气分级新方法。试验表明，空气分级对潮湿原煤颗粒表面的煤粉有“清洗”作用，脱粉效果好，粗粒产物中含粉率仅为0.2%。这对控制入料粉量，稳定流化床密度和减少介质净化非常有利；空气分级还有分选作用，就试验煤种而言，其细粒级产物灰分比原煤中同粒级灰分降低1.7个百分点，比原煤灰分降低7.5个百分点，空气分级和空气重价流化床分选结合，可优化干法选煤工艺，降低工程投资和分选成本50%以上。     

Occurrence characteristics of mercury in high-mercury coal and distribution rule of mercury in products of an air dense medium fluidized bed

Mercury emitted from direct combustion of high-mercury coal does great harm to the environment. To make good use of high-mercury coal, it is necessary to study the occurrence characteristics of mercury in coal and high-efficient methods of mercury removal. In this paper, high-mercury coal of Guizhou Province of China was taken as an object to study the nature of mercury in coal and the rule of mercury removal by dry preparation method. Mercury mainly distributes in the medium and high density fractions, and has a good affinity with silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, potassium, calcium, zinc, sodium and magnesium. It exists in minerals formed by these elements and presents significant correlation with ash in coal. After the high-mercury coal is separated by air dense medium fluidized bed, mercury content of clean coal is reduced to 1/10 of raw coal, while mercury content of gangue is increased to 3 times that of raw coal. This indicates that mercury in raw coal is rejected greatly by ADMFB and enriched in highdensity fractions. The rates of ash removal and mercury removal decrease with the density and present a very high correlation.     

流化床—煤粉复合燃烧锅炉炉膛热平衡方程

通过分析流化床－煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的热平衡,得到了以树皮为燃料的流化床和煤粉炉膛的烟气热平衡方程。方程中考虑了流化床表面和煤粉炉膛之间的辐射换热,同时考虑了在流化床中未燃尽燃料水分蒸发的耗热。