煤泥调浆技术与设备的研究现状及进展

针对目前高灰难选煤泥浮选精煤灰分高、回收率低的难题,提出高效调浆是解决问题的有效途径。从煤泥高效调浆着手,介绍了调浆搅拌技术及理论的研究进展,并对现有煤泥调浆设备的应用及存在问题进行了介绍。在对现有提高调浆效果的理论、方法及技术研究现状进行综述性评价的基础上,探究了煤泥调浆对浮选过程的影响及其规律性,提出了今后煤泥调浆技术研究应从以下4方面展开:研究药剂分散、颗粒分散与表面改性、颗粒碰撞与有效吸附等过程的机理;研究各种搅拌叶轮结构下矿浆的流场变化情况;研究不同煤质及粒度组成下剪切强度对调浆效果的影响;开发新型高效煤泥调浆设备,以满足微细难选煤泥浮选工艺的需求。     

Preparation of activated carbon with low ash content and high specific surface area from coal in the presence of KOH

An activated carbon with ash content less than ]0% and specific surface area more than 1600 m^2/g was prepared from cool and the effect of K-containing compounds in preparation of cool-based activated carbon was investigated in detail in this paper. KOH was used in co-carbonization with coal, changes in graphitic crystallites in chars derived from carbonization of coal with and without KOH were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, activation rates of chars with different contents of K-containing compounds were deduced, and resulting activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and iodine numbers. The results showed that the addition of KOH to the coal before carbonization can realize the intensive removal of inorganic matters from chars under mild conditions, especially the efficient removal of dispersive quartz, an extremely difficult separated mineral component in other processes else. Apart from this, KOH demonstrates a favorable effect in control over cool carbonization with the goal to form nongraphitizable isotropic carbon precursor, which is a necessary prerequisite for the formation and development of micro pores. However, the K-containing compounds such as K2CO3 and K20 remaining in chars after carbonization catalyze the reaction between carbon and steam in activation, which leads to the formation of macro pores. In the end an innovative method, in which KOH is added to coal before carbonization and K-containing compounds are removed by acid washing after carbonization, was proposed for the synthesis of quality coal-based activated carbon.     

粉煤灰微观特征与干法脱炭实验

采用透射电镜研究了粉煤灰的微观特征 ,提出了降低粉煤灰残余炭含量并提高粉煤灰活性的干法脱炭思路。摩擦电选实验表明 :干法脱炭是有效的 ,这将为解决我国粉煤灰的综合利用提供有益的借鉴     

脱硫微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌遗传特性的分子生物学试验

利用现代生物学研究方法和手段，对煤系与非煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传特性进行了质粒抽提和琼脂糖凝胶电泳等分子生物学水平的基础性探索试验，对于质粒在硫杆菌中普遍存在的观点提出了质疑.研究结果表明，氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe²⁺，S等的氧化能力可能只是与拟核染色体DNA有关，而氧化亚铁硫杆菌的遗传物质就是拟核染色体DNA.     

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification of moist raw coal

Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. Pilot tests showed that air classification efficiencies varied from 74. 85% to 93.84% at cut-size 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0. 5 mm when free moisture of coal is in the range of 1.7% to 9. 5%, and ash contents of fine coal products were 2% ～ 3% lowerthan those of the same size fractions in feed, and 4% ～10% lower than those of feeds for most cases because of the density differences between coal and waste, which is beneficial to producing lower ash fine coal from raw coal as fuel of blast furnaces or pulverized coal firing boilers. A commercial unit of 100 t/h has been in smooth operation, and several 300 ～400 t/h units are in plan or construction.     

疏水性微生物对细粒煤的絮凝试验研究

在对疏水性微生物草分枝杆菌的生物学特性研究基础上,利用草分枝杆菌对煤炭进行了絮凝试验。并与传统的无机电解质凝聚剂和有机高分子絮凝剂所进行的对比试验。结果表明,草分枝杆菌对细粒煤具有良好的絮凝作用效果。由于该菌还具有无毒无害以及可生物降解等许多环境友好的特点。因此,将为绿色高效煤炭絮凝剂的研究和开发探索了一条有极大发展前景的新途径。     

快速加热预处理对煤粘结性影响研究评述

分析世界及中国的一次能源的资源结构与消费结构后得出煤快速加热是实现能源可持续发展的有效技术途径,回顾了煤快速加热工艺的研究开发历程,从前人研究中得出将原煤快速加热到软化熔融温度(400～500℃)可以大大提高其粘结性.详细介绍了超级炼焦技术SCOPE21. 表明通过对原煤的快速加热预处理,结合低温出焦,可以在保证焦炭质量不降低的前提下,将不粘煤或弱粘煤的配煤量提高到50%.和现有炼焦工艺相比,生产效率提高1.4倍,节能20%左右.     

旋流-静态微泡浮选柱净化含油废水试验研究

为了提高含油废水处理效果、简化处理工艺,提出了以旋流一静态微泡浮选柱为核心的水处理工艺,在自行研制的试验装置系统上,研究了循环泵压力、柱体过流速度、混凝剂种类及投加量、表面活性剂投加量、油水pH值等主要工艺参数对模拟含油废水除油效果的影响.结果表明:以上因素均对脱油率有较大影响,在优化条件下,除油率可达95.7%,旋流-静态微泡浮选柱对含油废水有较高的净化能力.     

草分枝杆菌选择性絮凝脱除煤中黄铁矿硫的研究

对疏水性微生物草分枝杆菌(M．phlei)进行培养，并结合红外光谱分析，研究了草分枝杆菌(M．phlei)的生物学特性及对煤的絮凝作用．试验结果表明，草分枝杆菌(M．phlei)可选择性地吸附作用于煤表面，在实现对煤絮凝的同时，能较有效地脱除煤中的黄铁矿硫．     

高压电选机内电晕电流和电场的分布规律

在电选过程中，分选带较短，物料参选时间短，在这很短的时间内完成荷电、放电、最终分离，分选带内滚筒表面附近的电晕电流和电场分布情况就起着直接的决定作用。对电选机内电晕电流和电场分布规律进行了较深入的理论和试验研究，并以此为依据，对电选实践中如何通过调节操作参数、结构参数来改善分选效果进行了分析。研究结果表明：（1）电晕电极的主要作用是产生电晕电流，同时也产生静电场；电晕电流和场强随极间电压升高或极距减小而增强；（2）电晕电流和场强沿接地滚筒表面呈正态分布；（3）静电极主要产生强静电场，静电极对电晕电极的电晕放电有屏蔽作用；（4）在分选过程中应采用高电压、大极距的操作制度和电晕－静电复合电极结构。