流化床式MBR在高MLSS下污水处理研究

研究了高溶液悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）下流化床膜生物反应器污水处理的有关特性。实验结果表明，当MLSS为20～25g／L、填料填充率为59／6时，控制溶解氧（DO）为0．5～1．0mg／L、C／N为4～6、水力停留时间为4h，MBR工艺可实现很好的脱氮以及COD去除效果。在长期的实验中发现，此类型MBR在高MLSS有较好的耐冲击负荷能力、抗污染能力以及低污泥产率。     

新型三相内循环反应器处理生活污水的研究

采用新型三相内循环反应器处理生活污水,原污水COD值在228．3—592．5mg／L之间,NH3-N值在29．24～48．72mg/L之间,SS值在150～400mg/L之间,pH值为6．8～7．2,通过控制污泥浓度、水力停留时间及曝气量,分析了反应器对COD、NH3-N和SS的去除情况。试验结果表明：在污泥浓度为4500mg/L、水力停留时间为2小时、曝气量为200L/h的条件下,COD去除率为90．65％左右;NH3-N去除率为87．46％左右;SS去除率为94．7％左右。该反应器具有高效、低耗和低成本的优点,为处理生活污水提供了薪的参考依据。     

橡胶填料在厌氧-好氧-体式生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水中的作用

采用厌氧-好氧-体式折流板生物反应器，在好氧室添加废旧橡胶作为微生物附着生长填料的情况下，进行了该反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水中COD和NH，-N的去除试验。试验结果表明：在温度为25-35℃，pH值为5．0-8．5时，出水COD浓度低于200mg／L，反应器COD总去除率最高达到98％，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L左右，氨氮去除率达到74．7％。     

填料-循环活性污泥系统处理酒精废水试验研究

结合某玉米酒精厂现有循环活性污泥系统(CASS)的不足,提出了利用填料强化该工艺的污染物削减能力的方法,以正交试验的方法,研究了MLSS含量、曝气时间、填料投加量和DO含量4个运行参数对填料-CASS的影响。结果表明,4个因素对COD去除率影响主次顺序为DO的质量浓度>填料投加率>MLSS的质量浓度>曝气时间,优化参数组合为:MLSS的质量浓度4.6 g/L、填料投加率为30%、曝气时间6 h、DO的质量浓度6.5 mg/L,在此条件下,当进水COD和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为540.1～862.47 mg/L和17.61～31.76 mg/L时,出水COD为和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为62.87～90.76 mg/L和0.69～1.01 mg/L,均能满足GB 27631-2011的排放要求;平均去除率分别为89.21%和96.22%。     

污泥浓度对MBR净化效果影响试验研究

在不排泥条件下,膜生物反应器(MBR)内的污泥浓度MLSS和MLVSS都随时间不断累积,而反映污泥活性的MLVSS/MLSS则不断减少。研究中发现,MLSS对MBR运行效果影响显著:TN的去除率随污泥浓度增加而增加,而COD的去除率随MLSS的增加先降后升,TP的去除率则先升后降,且二者均在污泥浓度6500 mg/L时达到极值,NH3-N的去除效果则随着污泥负荷的增加呈降低趋势。     

生物流化床处理生活污水的试验研究

利用生物流化床对生活污水的处理进行了试验研究,探讨了生物膜的形成,水力停留时间和供气量对处理效果的影响。结果表明,填料挂膜容易,气水比为15：1,水力停留时间为3h时,进水COD、NH3-N和TN分别为310～550mg／L、30～40mg／L和35～50mg／L时,其平均去除率分别为90．6％、86．7％和65．2％。     

溶解氧对膜生物反应器硝化反硝化的影响

实验采用一体式膜生物反应器处理生活污水，考察了溶解氧对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化作用的影响，同时对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化机理进行了详细的分析。结果表明，反应器对NH3-N、TN的去除率受DO的影响较大，当HRT为6h，进水pH值为7．0～8．5，反应器温度为7-13℃，DO为1.5mg／L左右时，系统对NH3-N、TN的去除率分别在97％和92％以上，达到了同步硝化反硝化的运行条件。     

焦化废水的MBR处理工艺

针对焦化废水治理难题,将传统生化处理工艺A／A／O改造成A／A／O＋MBR组合处理工艺,运行结果表明：A／A／0＋MBR组合工艺对NH3-N去除效果好,处理出水NH3-N浓度一般为5-10mg／L,CODcr浓度为200mg／L左右,较A／A／O工艺有明显改善和提高;剩余污泥产量为系统改造前的10％左右,大大节约了污泥处理处置成本;MBR膜组件模块化自动控制,简化了操作维护,有效减缓了膜污染。     

膜生物反应器-纳滤工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

岳西县垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产量为100m3/d,在进水COD、BOD5和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为18000、8000和1500mg/L时,经膜生物反应器加纳滤工艺处理后,出水COD、BOD5和NH3-N的质量浓度分别为80、20和13mg/L,满足《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)的排放标准。该膜生物反应器为德国WWAG公司开发的一种好氧分置式MBR,通过气密性生物反应器达到较高的氧溶解度和氧利用率,并且可以减少挥发性污染物和臭味的排放量。     

MBR工艺处理啤酒废水的工程应用

根据啤酒废水的特点,考察了采用膜生物反应器(MBR)技术深度处理啤酒废水过程中的水质指标与设备运行参数,并对污泥浓度进行测定,从而对污泥负荷以及膜污染状况进行研究,工程运行结果表明:在进水CODCr642～1626mg/L、NH4+-N15～35mg/L、TP0.6～14mg/L、TN19.5～41.1mg/L情况下,MBR产水CODCr50mg/L、NH4+-N5mg/L、TP0.3mg/L、TN2.3mg/L。水质达到国家景观用水标准(GB/T18921—2002);好氧池DO控制在2～4mg/L,可有效提高氨氮的去除率;适当调整排泥量,使膜池污泥质量浓度维持在6～8g/L可缓解膜污染速度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.