基于极限学习机的供水管网故障智能诊断方法

为进一步提高传统极限学习机的泛化能力,提出了一种基于人工蜂群算法优化的极限学习机模型.该模型将人工蜂群算法的全局寻优能力和极限学习机的快速学习能力相结合,有效克服了传统极限学习机的过拟合现象.在确定水压变化比值作为故障特征参数的基础上,将优化后的极限学习机模型应用于供水管网的泄漏故障诊断实验,实验结果表明,经人工蜂群算法优化的极限学习机模型在故障诊断速度和精度方面均优于其他3种模型.     

基于ELM的硫熏强度软测量模型

硫熏强度是亚法糖厂澄清工段的关键工艺参数之一;硫熏强度过低会影响澄清效果,过高会造成成品糖二氧化硫残留过高;目前由于缺乏合适的硫熏强度在线测量装置,该参数主要采用人工取样和离线化验的检测方式,化验滞后时间较长,难以根据该指标及时指导实际生产的问题;为此文章采用极限学习机(ELLM)方法建立了硫熏强度软测量模型,并与基于支持向量机(SVM)、径向基函数(RBF)神经网络和反向传播(BP)神经网络的硫熏强度软测量模型进行对比分析;结果显示,基于ELM的硫熏强度软测量模型具有训练收敛速度快、模型精度高和泛化性能好等优点,可以满足实际糖厂澄清工段的要求.     

基于软测量的醋酸精馏过程串级预测控制策略

针对醋酸精馏控制中,产品成分无法在线检测并且对产品质量采用温度间接控制存在控制精度低的问题,提出一种基于在线更新小波核函数极限学习机软测量的DMc预测控制策略,其中,在线更新的小波核函数极限学习机软测量实现了塔底醋酸浓度的实时检测,仿真结果表明,在线更新模型的预测精度比离线模型提高52%。将上述在线更新的软测量应用于塔底醋酸浓度闭环预测控制系统中,实现对塔底醋酸浓度的直接质量控制,该系统采用DMc作为醋酸浓度控制器,其输出量作为再沸器蒸汽流量控制器的设定值,与再沸器流量控制构成串级调节系统。控制系统仿真结果表明,该软仪表具有良好的在线预测性能,预测控制系统控制精度高、可以实现产品质量的卡边控制。     

改进粒子群优化的极限学习机软测量建模方法

工业过程常含有显著的非线性、时变等复杂特性,传统的极限学习机有时无法充分利用数据信息,所建软测量模型预测性能较差。为了提高极限学习机的泛化能力和预测精度,提出一种改进粒子群优化的极限学习机软测量建模方法。首先,利用高斯函数正态分布的特点实现惯性权重的自适应更新,并线性变化学习因子以提高粒子群优化算法的收敛速度和搜索性能;然后将该算法用于优化极限学习机的惩罚系数和核宽,得到一组最优超参数;最后将该方法应用于脱丁烷塔过程软测量建模中。仿真结果表明,优化后的极限学习机模型预测精度有明显的提高,验证了所提方法不仅是可行的,而且具有良好的预测精度和泛化性能。     

输入不确定BELM在发酵过程软测量中的应用

为复杂的发酵过程建立软测量模型要求模型最好能够给出预测值的置信区间,以便技术人员对发酵过程的真实状况和模型的可靠性进行评估。贝叶斯极限学习机能够在实现预测的同时一并给出预测值的置信区间,因此将其用于发酵过程的软测量建模。然而,实际发酵过程中的输入数据往往带有噪声,贝叶斯极限学习机仅能处理输出含噪声的情况。针对这个问题,提出了输入不确定贝叶斯极限学习机。在原有的贝叶斯推理过程中引入输入不确定性,得到了综合考虑输入输出噪声的模型参数和预测置信区间。最后利用青霉素发酵过程进行仿真验证,建立了产物质量浓度的软测量模型,结果表明该方法预测精度高,得到的预测置信区间包含了所有真实值。     

基于改进极限学习机的软测量建模

极限学习机（ELM）因其泛化能力好和学习速度快而成为软测量的新方法,但当应用到铝电解工艺参数建模时,ELM通常需要较多隐层节点并且泛化能力较低。针对这一问题,提出一种基于改进极限学习机（IELM）的软测量模型。首先,利用粗糙集中的约简理论剔除输入变量中的冗余或不相关属性,以降低ELM的输入复杂性;然后,利用偏相关系数对输入变量和输出变量间的相关性进行分析,将输入数据分为正输入和负输入两部分,分别对这两部分建立输入单元,重新构建ELM网络;最后,建立了基于改进极限学习机的铝电解分子比软测量模型。仿真实验结果表明,基于改进极限学习机的软测量模型具有较好的泛化能力和稳定性。     

DE-ELM在水煤气组分浓度软测量建模中的应用

水煤气组分(H2、CO、N2、CO2、O2)浓度是合成氨煤制气最关键的工艺参数之一,其与生产过程安全、稳定和成本控制密切相关。由于实时在线测量设备成本极高、维护困难、技术难度大,一般企业仍采用人工分析化验法。针对人工分析化验的方法造成的测量数据准确度差、滞后时间长、人为影响因素大,不利于煤制气生产过程的操控等问题,提出利用差分进化算法优化极限学习机(DE-ELM)神经网络系统,建立水煤气组分浓度的软测量模型,测量水煤气组分各浓度。将改进的方法与逆向神经网络(BP)、广义回归神经网络(GRNN)、极限学习机(ELM)的水煤气组分浓度软测量模型进行对比分析。对比结果显示,基于DE-ELM的水煤气组分浓度软测量模型精度更高、泛化性能更好,所测数据与实际生产数据吻合度更高,能更好地满足合成氨造气炉生产过程的实时调控要求。     

改进人工蜂群优化的极限学习机

针对极限学习机(ELM)在训练过程中需要大量隐含层节点的问题,提出了差分进化与克隆算法改进人工蜂群优化的极限学习机(DECABC-ELM),在人工蜂群算法的基础上,引入了差分进化算法的差分变异算子和免疫克隆算法的克隆扩增算子,改进了人工蜂群收敛速度慢等缺点,使用改进的人工蜂群算法计算ELM的隐含层节点参数.将算法应用于回归和分类数据集,并与其他算法进行比较,获得了良好的效果.     

基于PCOS-ELM的室内指纹定位算法

针对传统室内指纹定位算法存在定位精度低、对环境适应能力差的问题,提出了一种基于并行混沌优化的在线连续极限学习机(PCOS-ELM)定位算法.离线阶段,通过并行混沌优化算法(PCOA)对极限学习机的隐含层节点参数进行寻优并构建高精度初始定位模型;在线阶段,利用在线连续极限学习机(OS-ELM)使新增位置指纹数据对定位模型进行动态调整,以适应室内环境的变化.结果表明:提出的PCOS-ELM定位算法具有更高的定位精度和更好的环境适应性.     

基于改进PCA-ELM方法的穿孔机导盘转速测量

目前,国内许多钢铁生产企业为了提高无缝钢管的生产质量,都采用了加装狄赛尔导盘的斜轧穿孔机进行管坯穿孔.但是在斜轧穿孔过程中,由于客观条件限制,导盘转速无法通过直接测量的手段在线精确测得.通过软测量实现穿孔机导盘转速的在线精确测量,进而有效控制其转速,提高无缝钢管生产机组的生产效率,是解决问题的一个有效方法.针对导盘转速软测量建模中存在的问题,本文对极限学习机(ELM)方法提出了改进.一方面将极限学习机方法同主成分分析(PCA)方法相结合,通过对模型输入量进行主成分分析,去除了各变量之间的线性相关,最终提高了极限学习机算法的泛化性能;另一方面对极限学习机隐层节点进行分类,通过分类减少了极限学习机方法的训练时间和预报时间.最终得出了基于改进PCA-ELM方法的导盘转速软测量模型,并通过仿真实验证了其准确性和可应用性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.