乙醇在空气／乙醇离子氮碳氧多元共渗中的作用

研究了40Cr钢在空气/乙醇离子氮碳氧多元共渗过程中乙醇对化合物层厚度的影响.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对化合物层的微观组织结构和显微硬度进行了分析.试验结果表明:在空气/乙醇离子氮碳氧多元共渗中,随着乙醇流量的增加,化合层厚度先增加再减少,最表面硬度先增加再减少,过量的碳抑制ε相的生成.     

空气-乙炔碳氮氧离子多元共渗工艺研究

用空气-乙炔混合气体作为气源,对40Cr钢进行了离子碳氮氧多元共渗;用光学金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计,对渗层形貌、物相和显微硬度进行了分析检测。结果表明:乙炔浓度是影响性能的关键因素,它对硬度、物相起着决定性的作用。与常规离子渗氮相比,以空气-乙炔混合气体作为气源的碳氮氧离子多元共渗工艺操作简便,成本低廉。     

空气-乙炔碳氮氧离子多元共渗工艺研究

用空气-乙炔混合气体作为气源,对40Cr钢进行了离子碳氮氧多元共渗;用光学金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计,对渗层形貌、物相和显微硬度进行了分析检测.结果表明：乙炔浓度是影响性能的关键因素,它对硬度、物相起着决定性的作用.与常规离子渗氮相比,以空气-乙炔混合气体作为气源的碳氮氧离子多元共渗工艺操作简便,成本低廉.     

42CrMo钢离子氮碳氧多元共渗及动力学分析北大核心CSCD

以42CrMo钢为材料,通过在离子氮碳共渗过程中添加空气进行离子氮碳氧多元共渗。采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对渗层形貌、渗层厚度、渗层物相和截面硬度进行分析。研究结果表明,在传统离子氮碳共渗过程中添加适量的空气具有显著的催渗效果,且以空气流量为0.3 L/min的效果最佳,截面硬度也得到大幅度提高。离子氮碳氧多元共渗中氮原子的扩散激活能从传统离子氮碳共渗的56.12 k J/mol降低到25.27 k J/mol。同时,对离子氮碳氧多元共渗的机理进行了分析。     

激光淬火预处理对40Cr钢离子碳氮氧硫共渗层组织与性能的影响

通过观察金相组织、测量表面硬度和渗层深度、检测耐蚀性等方法,研究了激光淬火预处理对40Cr钢离子碳氮氧硫共渗层组织和性能的影响。结果表明,激光淬火预处理缩短了离子碳氮氧硫共渗的时间,降低了共渗的温度。激光淬火预处理可提高共渗工件表面硬度及渗层深度,经激光淬火/离子多元共渗处理后,40Cr钢表面的ε-Fe2-3N相和FeS含量增多,Fe3C含量减少,可明显地改善其耐蚀性。     

45Cr钢氮气-甲烷离子氮碳共渗工艺研究

采用氮气-甲烷作为气源对40Cr钢进行离子氮碳共渗,研究了渗层的显微硬度分布、相组成以及耐磨性,结果表明:渗层由化合物层、扩散层和基体组成;表面渗层物相结构主要由氮(碳)ε化合物和Fe3C构成;试验电压600V时,渗层深度最大,但耐磨性最差;探讨了氮气-甲烷离子氮碳共渗机理.     

扩散期对离子碳氮共渗层的影响

对20CrMnTi和20Cr2Ni4钢进行了总时间相同但强渗／扩散比不同的离子碳氮共渗试验,通过光学显微镜,显微硬度计和剥层试样的化学分析对共渗层的组织特点,硬度梯度和碳,氮浓度分布进行了分析研究,试验结果表明,强渗／扩散时间比不同时渗层特征明显改变,当强渗／扩散比为1：1时,渗层显微组织,硬度梯度和碳,氮浓度分布均比较好,扩散时间不足时,渗层的次表层会出现硬度分布的低谷;扩散期太长,将出现最表面硬度低头的现象。     

离子氮碳共渗与离子渗氮复合处理对45钢组织与性能的影响

为进一步提高渗层厚度及渗层性能,对45钢进行离子氮碳共渗与离子渗氮复合处理。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和光学显微镜对渗层厚度、物相组成、截面与表面硬度、渗层脆性进行了分析。结果表明,复合处理可使45钢获得比单一离子渗氮或离子氮碳共渗更快的渗速、更优的性能。相同的处理时间下,复合处理渗层厚度比单一离子渗氮或离子氮碳共渗大幅度增加,有效硬化层比单一离子渗氮增加约35μm,提高约1倍,同时渗层脆性显著降低。物相分析表明复合处理后化合物层中ε相和γ'相的相对含量发生了变化,即ε相增多,而γ′相减少。     

低温离子氮碳共渗温度对AerMet100钢摩擦学性能的影响

研究了不同温度对AerMet100钢渗氮层和氮碳共渗层的显微组织、表面硬度、渗层截面硬度梯度以及耐磨性的影响,并考察了渗层的磨损机理。结果表明,氮碳共渗层相较于渗氮层表面生成的化合物更加细小,表面更加平整光滑;离子渗氮、离子氮碳共渗处理都可显著提高AerMet100钢的表面硬度;随着温度的增加,共渗层厚度也明显增加;氮碳共渗层比渗氮层具有更低的摩擦因数,在共渗温度为480 ℃时氮碳共渗试样具有最低摩擦因数和磨损率,表现出最佳的耐磨性。渗氮层的磨损机理为氧化磨损和表面疲劳磨损,氮碳共渗层的磨损机理为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损以及表面疲劳磨损。     

离子碳氮共渗扩散期富化气浓度对渗层的影响

对18CrMnTi和20Cr2Ni钢进行了强渗／扩散时间为3：3的离子碳氮共渗试验,扩散阶段分别通入不同浓度的丙烷。通过光学显微镜和显微硬度计对扩散期不同丙烷浓度下渗层的金相组织和硬度分布进行了对比分析。结果表明,扩散期的丙烷浓度对渗层产生了显著影响。丙烷浓度太低,渗层表面严重脱碳,丙烷浓度太高,渗层表面将形成大量的碳氮化物,并在次表层出现硬度的低谷。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.