珠光体冷形变

这种形变热处理工艺多用在高强度线材的生产上。工艺过程为：首先将钢丝加热奥氏体化,之后淬入500～520℃的热浴（过去多用铅浴,故称淬铅）中等温保持,在等温过程中得到细片状索氏体组织。该组织具有较高的强度及良好的塑性,为下一步的形变强化做好了组织方面的准备。具有索氏体组织的钢丝再经冷拉拔。冷拉拔形变量约90％左右。形变时珠光体中的渗碳体产生塑性形变，其取向与拔丝方向平行。这样便构成了一种类似复合材料的强化组织。     

铸造镍基高温合金K52的低周疲劳行为

研究了抗热腐蚀铸造镍基高温合金K52在室温和900℃的低周疲劳行为．对循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析，给出了K52合金在此温度下的疲劳参数．合金的循环应力响应行为在室温下呈现循环硬化，而在900℃时则呈现循环软化，原因在于循环形变过程中位错之间以及位错与析出相之间的相互作用．疲劳断口宏观和微观分析表明：裂纹主要萌生于试样表面或靠近表面的缺陷处；裂纹形成后垂直于加载轴方向扩展，试样呈穿晶断裂．     

钢帘线用1.02%C钢丝的索氏体化处理

对1.02%C钢丝进行铅浴等温转变和水浴连续转变两种索氏体化处理。通过SEM、拉伸试验机、扭转分层仪、亨特疲劳试验机及振动样品磁强计对钢丝和单丝的微观组织和力学性能等方面进行分析。结果发现,由于铅浴钢丝从边部到心部珠光体片层间距均小于水浴钢丝,导致铅浴钢丝抗拉强度和断面收缩率均高于水浴钢丝。水浴钢丝珠光体片层间距波动较大,导致力学性能波动增大。两种钢丝湿拉得到的单丝微观组织均为平行于拉拔方向的纤维组织。铅浴钢丝经应变量ε=3.584湿拉得到单丝的抗拉强度、亨特疲劳极限以及扭转值均高于水浴钢丝。由于水浴钢丝在湿拉过程中渗碳体溶解量高达34.3%,导致单丝出现分层以及亨特疲劳性能下降。     

细晶Ti-2Al-2．5Zr合金室温／低温低周疲劳行为及微观结构

对细晶Ti-2A;-2.5Zr合金进行了室温/低温(77 K)疲劳实验及微观组织观察.结果表明:室温低应变幅Δεt/2(=0.5%,1.0%)下,合金表现为循环软化;室温高应变幅(1.5%,2.0%)下,则表现为循环应力饱和;77 K时,不同应变幅下均表现为循环硬化,且随应变幅升高,循环硬化程度增强.疲劳寿命测试结果表明:低温疲劳寿命始终高于室温.断口SEM观察表明,室温和低温下,疲劳裂纹扩展区均有明显的疲劳条纹,疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式扩展,室温下伴随有大量二次裂纹,低温下的二次裂纹数量明显减少.TEM观察表明:低温下孪生是合金主要的变形方式,包括{1011}和{1121}型孪晶.疲劳变形位错组态为:室温较低应变幅(0.5%,1.0%)下,形成位错线和局部位错缠结;室温下应变幅提高到1.5%和2.0%时,{1010}柱面和{1121}锥面滑移同时开动,位错组态演化为亚晶和明显的位错胞.77 K下,应变幅2.0%时形成沿柱面平行分布的位错带;77 K下应变幅升高到4.5%时,多滑移形成相互垂直的位错线.低温诱发形变孪晶是Ti-2Al-2.5Zr低温疲劳寿命升高的原因.     

高锰铸钢的高温形变热处理及其组织和力学性能

高温形变热处理是将高温变形与淬火等热处理工序相结合以提高材料力学性能的热处理工艺。对含1. 11%C、13. 1%Mn、0. 42%Si、0. 047%P和0. 006%S(质量分数)的高锰铸钢试样分别于1 050℃保温2 h水淬即水韧处理,和于1 050℃压缩变形20%和25%再1 050℃水淬即高温形变热处理。随后检测了试样的显微组织、力学性能和低周疲劳寿命。结果表明:与仅仅水韧处理的高锰铸钢相比,经高温形变热处理的高锰铸钢晶粒明显细小,孔洞等缺陷减少,并且随着压缩变形量的增大,钢的晶粒更加细小,组织更加致密,力学性能和低周疲劳寿命均大幅度提高。高温压缩变形25%的高锰铸钢的性能最佳,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达927 MPa和50. 7%,低周疲劳寿命较原始状态的钢提高了50%以上。     

溶质浓度对Al-Cu合金中PLC效应的影响

在不同温度下对Al-Cu合金试件进行固溶处理，以改变溶质原子在固溶体中的浓度及析出相在合金中的含量．对所得到的Al—Cu合金试件进行常应变率拉伸实验，观察其应力一时间关系曲线．由拉伸实验现象分析溶质原子及析出相对位错运动的影响，从而探究Portevin-Le Chatelier（PLC）效应产生的微观机制．结果表明，当固溶处理温度由500℃逐步降低，应力-时间曲线上的锯齿幅值逐渐减小，并在300℃时达到最小值；继续降低固溶处理温度至100℃，锯齿幅值又逐渐增大．固溶处理温度高于300℃时，溶质原子对PLC效应的影响强于析出相的影响而起主要作用；反之，固溶处理温度低于300℃时，析出相对PLC效应的影响强于溶质原子的影响而起主要作用．     

应变比对复合细化超细晶纯钛低周疲劳行为的影响

采用等径通道弯曲挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP)+旋锻(Rotary Swaging, RS)技术制备超细晶纯钛,细化后晶粒尺寸达到纳米级。在室温下对超细晶纯钛实施应变比分别为-1、-0.5、0.5的应变控制低周疲劳试验,通过TEM对微观组织观察。研究了应变比对材料循环硬化软化特性、循环应力应变关系及疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明,应变比增大使得超细晶纯钛循环硬化现象更为显著,应变比越大超细晶纯钛低周疲劳寿命越低。低周疲劳高应变比情况下亚晶晶粒尺寸小,数量多,阻碍位错运动,使得材料发生循环硬化。     

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIORS AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF Ti–2Al–2.5Zr WITH FINE GRAIN AT RT AND 77 K

对细晶Ti--2Al--2.5Zr合金进行了室温/低温(77 K)疲劳实验及微观组织观察. 结果表明: 室温低应变幅Δε_t/2(=0.5%, 1.0%)下,合金表现为循环软化; 室温高应变幅(1.5%, 2.0%)下, 则表现为循环应力饱和; 77 K时, 不同应变幅下均表现为循环硬化, 且随应变幅升高, 循环硬化程度增强. 疲劳寿命测试结果表明: 低温疲劳寿命始终高于室温. 断口SEM观察表明, 室温和低温下, 疲劳裂纹扩展区均有明显的疲劳条纹,疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式扩展, 室温下伴随有大量二次裂纹, 低温下的二次裂纹数量明显减少. TEM观察表明: 低温下孪生是合金主要的变形方式, 包括{1011}和{1121}型孪晶. 疲劳变形位错组态为: 室温较低应变幅(0.5%, 1.0%)下, 形成位错线和局部位错缠结; 室温下应变幅提高到1.5%和2.0%时,\{1010}柱面和{1121}锥面滑移同时开动, 位错组态演化为亚晶和明显的位错胞. 77 K下, 应变幅2.0%时形成沿 柱面平行分布的位错带; 77 K下应变幅升高到4.5%时, 多滑移形成相互垂直的位错线. 低温诱发形变孪晶是Ti--2Al--2.5Zr低温疲劳寿命升高的原因.     

深冷处理对H13钢组织和热疲劳性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、TEM、XRD、显微硬度计以及热疲劳试验机等方法研究了深冷处理对H13型热作模具钢的组织和性能的影响,并与常规淬回火工艺进行了对比分析。结果表明,在常规的淬回火工艺的基础上增加深冷处理有利于细化试验钢的晶粒组织并促进残留奥氏体向马氏体转变。此外,在深冷处理的条件下马氏体晶格由于在极低温易发生收缩而促使碳原子在位错等缺陷处偏聚,回火过程中以碳化物的形式析出。这些析出的大量细小弥散分布的碳化物可钉扎位错,对热循环引起的应力集中起到一定的缓解作用,减缓降低热疲劳裂纹扩展速率。且深冷处理后细小弥散分布的碳化物析出降低了H13钢热疲劳过程中碳化物长大速率,减少了热疲劳裂纹的数量,从而提高热疲劳性能。     

K40S钻基高温合金的高温低周疲劳行为Ⅰ.疲劳性能

研究了K40S钴基高温合金在700℃和900℃温度条件下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为.对循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析,进而给出了K40S合金在此温度范围的疲劳参数.结果表明:与传统X-40合金相比,K40S合金具有优异的抗高温低周疲劳性能;合金的应力-应变响应行为在700℃时,呈现为循环强化,而在900℃时,为初期强化随后软化,且随着总应变幅的增加,强化效果均增强.上述行为归因于循环形变过程中位错-位错,位错-析出相及固溶原子间的相互作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.