化工原理实验教学的改革与实践

化工原理实验是化工原理课程的重要组成部分,对工科学生工程意识和工程能力的培养以及实验技能和科研能力和综合素质的提高具有重要作用。本文针对化工原理实验的教学现状及不足,探讨了新形势下化工原理实验教学的改革与实践。     

提升工科学生工程实践能力的化工原理实验教学

为了提升工科学生的工程实践综合能力,结合工科专业特点,开展化工原理实验的教学改革,通过建立具有专业特色的化工原理实验教学内容,增设体现工程特性的化工原理实验装置,确立理论和实践并重的化工原理实践教学体系,建立新的化工原理实践教学考核体制,培养工科学生实验创新能力及工程实践能力,促进课程教学质量的提高。     

工程教育专业认证下化工原理实验教学改革探索

化工原理实验是应用自然科学的基本原理和工程实验方法来解决化工及相关领域的工程实际问题,是培养化工专业专门人才的一门必修的专业基础实验课程。根据工程教育专业认证的标准和要求,从教学大纲、教学条件、教学内容、考核方式及课程目标达成度评价等方面对化工原理实验进行了探索,目的是使学生巩固、深化和应用化工原理知识,培养和提高学生的实验操作能力和创新能力。     

化工原理实验教学中大学生能力的培养

化工原理实验教学对培养学生的工程观念、动手能力和创新意识具有重要作用。本文结合我校化工原理实验实际教学情况对化工原理实验在实验方案设计、工程设备操作、实际工程问题处理、分工协作及实验报告撰写等能力培养方面进行了探讨。     

化工原理实验教学中的问题与改革探讨

化工原理实验是化工原理课程的实践应用,是对课堂教学内容的验证和深化,对培养学生的工程实践能力和建立工程概念起着举足轻重的作用。文章针对化工原理实验课程的特点和实验教学过程中出现的问题进行了分析、总结,并从实验预习、实验教学内容、实验教学方法和实验室开放等方面探讨了化工原理实验教学的改革思路。     

全国大学生化工实验大赛对化工专业人才培养的启发

针对我校化工原理课程和化工原理实验课程的不足,基于工程教育专业认证的办学理念,以全国大学生化工实验大赛为契机,探讨化工实验大赛促进化工人才综合能力培养的途径,以及化工原理实验教学方法和化工原理课堂教学方法的改革措施。     

基于工程教育专业认证的化工原理实验课程改革与实践——以宁夏大学制药工程专业为例

在工程教育专业认证视角下,文章以宁夏大学制药工程专业为例,分析了化工原理实验课程教学中存在的问题,提出了课程体系构建思路,介绍了化工原理实验课程在实验内容整合、实验装置和实验类型更新、考核方式优化等方面的改革实践,并对教学改革的效果进行了对比分析。改革后的化工原理实验课程有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力。     

多体系下"化工原理实验"考核机制的改进

"化工原理实验"是学生首次接触的工程实验课程.为了适应工程教育背景下化工人才的培养模式,对多体系下"化工原理实验"课程的教学内容和考核方式进行了改进,学生的实践操作能力得到了提升.     

化工原理实验教学的几点思考

化工原理实验是化学工程与工艺及其相近专业的一门重要基础课程,是培养学生树立工程观,增强实践能力和创新能力的一个重要环节。文章以化工原理实验课程特点为切入点,探讨了化工原理实验中要注意的几个问题,在化工原理实验教学改革方面作一些有益的探讨,达到优化化工原理实验教学、提高教学质量的目的。     

研究型实验教学中工程观念的培养

“化工原理实验”是一门实践性、工程性都很强的应用课程,在教学实践中,应注重培养学生的工程观念和工程意识,提高分析工程问题、解决工程问题的能力。将工程观念贯彻于化工原理研究型实验教学的各个环节中,探讨了化工原理研究型实验教学对培养学生的化工工程观念的重要作用与具体做法。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.