多级分类分形块编码

文中提出了多级分类分形块编码，在编码时，利用多级四叉树剖分方法，将图像块剖分成不同大小的平坦子块和非平坦子块，分别采用均值编码和分形编码。在对值域块进行分形编码时，为缩短分形编码时间，将值域块和定义域块分成７２类，并分别在同类进行仿射匹配，实验结果显示，多级分类分形块编码极大地缩短了编码时间，同时也提高了分形编码的压缩比。     

基于遗传算法和迭代函数系统的图像压缩方法

分形图像编码是一种具有诱人前景的压缩编码方法,它能够实现很高的压缩比而且主观质量良好。由于分形编码中搜索与给定值域块了相匹配的定义域块的过程耗时很长,因此分形编码速度很低。遗传算法是一种在最优搜索应用中十分常见的高效搜索算法。文中在讨论研究遗传算法效率的基础上,将遗传算法应用到分形图像压缩编码中,有效地解决了分形图像编码中的最优匹配问题,实验结果表明将遗传算法与分形压缩编码有机地结合起来可以大大提     

一种改进的分形图像压缩算法

为了缩短分形编码时间,通过对图像定义域块和值域块的统计特性分析,提出了改进的分形压缩算法。设计最优匹配定义域块自适应搜索方法,缩短搜索范围;用值域块均值代替灰度偏移量,减少计算量。实验证明,运用这种改进的分形图像压缩算法进行图像压缩,在保持较高的解压图像质量的情况下,大幅缩短图像压缩编码时间。     

一种改进的分形图像压缩算法

为了提高分形图像压缩编码的速度,针对在基本分形图像压缩算法中值域块编码匹配搜索时需要对变换后的定义域块一一对应,导致编码时间较长的缺点,提出了一种基于菱形搜索算法的分形图像压缩编码新算法.菱形搜索算法是一种运动估计的快速搜索算法,主要过程是在所有的候选块中搜索当前块的最优匹配块.通过运用菱形搜索算法中的大小菱形模板进行匹配搜索,实验证明文中算法在提高编码速度和降低编码复杂度是有效的.     

一种基于方差的匹配方法

文章就分形图象压缩中搜索与匹配过程的相似性提出了一个经过不同对比度实现快速分形编码算法，基于序列块和主块之间当前最小象差的方差信息，该算法排除不必搜索的主块，这样大大减少了每个序列块进行搜索和匹配的主块数与相应的编码时间，该算法在减少的时间内生成了与常规满搜索近乎一致的分形编码。     

基于FGSE的快速分形图像编码算法及其多描述编码方案

本文在基于分形图像编码的多描述编码方案（MDFIC）的基础上,做了两处改进：一是引入提出的基于FGSE的快速分形图像编码算法,以提高编码速度;二是利用相邻值域块均值间的相关性,以减少比特率。实验结果表明,本方案与MDFIC相比,可以在保持解码图像质量几乎不变的情况下,提高编码速度和减少比特率,并具有较高的鲁棒性。     

基于值域块邻域匹配的分形近似编码

本文提出了基于值域块邻域匹配的分形近似编码。它比Ｊａｃｑｕｉｎ的分形块编码的压缩比高，编码速度快，信噪比相近。对５１２×５１２“Ｌｅｎｎａ”图像实验结果表明：该分形编码压缩比可达到０．３６ｂｐｐ，峰值信噪比可达３１．２５ｄＢ，在ＰＣ４８６上，编码时间为２２７秒，解码时间为３８秒。     

改善分形图像编码视觉效果的有效方法研究

针对当前分形图像编码面临如何改善重建图像视觉效果的问题,利用局部图像的特点,采取自适应的分块方法与缩短编码时间的多种块分类技术相结合设计图像编码算法,该算法明显改善了图像编码视觉效果,编码时间缩短上千倍,具有快速实现分形图像编码之功效。     

四线和特征的快速分形图像编码

分形图像编码具有压缩比高、解码速度快、重构图像质量高等特点,但因这种算法在编码时定义域的搜索量十分巨大,导致其计算复杂度高、编码时间过长,阻碍了它的实用性和普遍应用.为解决此问题,文中提出一种基于四线和特征值编码算法,该算法根据匹配均方根误差与四线和特征间的关系,将全局搜索转化为局部搜索(近邻搜索),限定搜索空间,减少定义域块的搜索,从而提高编码速度.仿真实验结果表明:该算法解码图像质量在客观上优于1 -范数特征算法;与基本分形编码算法相比,基于四线和特征算法在主观上不改变重构图像质量,但在编码速度上却得到极大提高.     

基于分形编码的图像相似匹配研究

本文以自适应四叉树分割的分形图像编码为基础，研究了极坐极表达下分形码之间的匹配，并在此基础上提出了图像间分形码峰值信噪比的概念和算法，以达到量化图像间相似性的目的，实验证明，这种基于自适应分形编码的图像相似性匹配方法 人的主观判断非常接近，非常适合于用来构建和管理大图像数据库。     

Still image coding based on vector quantization and fractalapproximation

In this paper, we propose a coding algorithm for still images using vector quantization (VQ) and fractal approximation, in which low-frequency components of an input image are approximated by VQ, and its residual is coded by fractal mapping. The conventional fractal coding algorithms indirectly used the gray patterns of an original image with contraction mapping, whereas the proposed fractal coding method employs an approximated and then decimated image as a domain pool and uses its gray patterns. Thus, the proposed algorithm utilizes fractal approximation without the constraint of contraction mapping. For approximation of an original image, we employ the discrete cosine transform (DCT) rather than conventional polynomial-based transforms. In addition, for variable blocksize segmentation, we use the fractal dimension of a block that represents the roughness of the gray surface of a region. Computer simulations with several test images show that the proposed method shows better performance than the conventional fractal coding methods for encoding still pictures.     

使用区域搜索的DCT域分形图像编码方法

为降低ＤＣＴ域分形图像压缩的编码复杂度,文中引入了平坦块的概念,对那些经过ＤＣＴ变换后,能量非常集中的块不做块匹配,而是直接编码输出。同时经统计发现,对于给定的区块,与它匹配最好的域块通常位于这个区块的上方或附近,文中利用这个事实构造了一种优化的自适应搜索方案,大大减少了编码所需要的时间。实验表明,与一般的ＤＣＴ域分形图像压缩方法相比,文中方案在提高了编码速度的同时降低了比特率。     

Iteration-free fractal image coding based on efficient domain pooldesign

The domain pool design is one of the dominant issues which affect the coding performance of fractal image compression. In this paper, we employ the LBG algorithm and propose a block averaging method to design the efficient domain pools based on a proposed iteration-free fractal image codec. The redundancies between the generated domain blocks are reduced by the proposed methods. Therefore, we can obtain the domain pools that are more efficient than those in the conventional fractal coding schemes and thus the coding performance is improved. On the other hand, the iteration process in the conventional fractal coding scheme not only requires a large size of memory and a high computation complexity but also prolongs the decoding process. The proposed iteration-free fractal codec can overcome the problems above. In computer simulation, both the LBG-based and block-averaging methods for the domain pool design in the proposed iteration free scheme achieve excellent performances. For example, based on the proposed block-averaging method, the decoded Lena image has at least a 0.5 dB higher PSNR (under the same bit rate) and an eight-time faster decoding speed than the conventional fractal coding schemes that require iterations.     

Fast fractal image block coding based on local variances

In fractal image block coding, most of the time is spent on finding a close match between a range block and a large pool of domain blocks. For a large image, this effect becomes aggravated as the domain pool increases exponentially. We propose using the local variances of domain blocks to reduce the search space. By sorting the contracted domain pool according to their local variances and defining an acceptance criterion for a close match, we can confine all the potential close matches to a relatively small sized window to limit the search space. The encoding time can hence be shortened with the decoded image quality as good as that using the full search method. The speedup can be over ten times depending on the complexity of encoded images.     

A fast and efficient hybrid fractal-wavelet image coder.

The excellent visual quality and compression rate of fractal image coding have limited applications due to exhaustive inherent encoding time. This paper presents a new fast and efficient image coder that applies the speed of the wavelet transform to the image quality of the fractal compression. Fast fractal encoding using Fisher's domain classification is applied to the lowpass subband of wavelet transformed image and a modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) coding, on the remaining coefficients. Furthermore, image details and wavelet progressive transmission characteristics are maintained, no blocking effects from fractal techniques are introduced, and the encoding fidelity problem common in fractal-wavelet hybrid coders is solved. The proposed scheme promotes an average of 94% reduction in encoding-decoding time comparing to the pure accelerated Fractal coding results. The simulations also compare the results to the SPIHT wavelet coding. In both cases, the new scheme improves the subjective quality of pictures for high-medium-low bitrates.     

Combined Kohonen neural networks and discrete cosine transform method for iterated transformation theory

Iterated transformation theory (ITT) coding, also known as fractal coding, in its original form, allows fast decoding but suffers from long encoding times. During the encoding step, a large number of block best-matching searches have to be performed which leads to a computationally expensive process. Because of that, most of the research efforts carried on this field are focused on speeding up the encoding algorithm. Many different methods and algorithms have been proposed, from simple classifying methods to multi-dimensional nearest key search. We present in this paper a new method that significantly reduces the computational load of ITT-based image coding. Both domain and range blocks of the image are transformed into the frequency domain (which has proven to be more appropriate for ITT coding). Domain blocks are then used to train a two-dimensional Kohonen neural network (KNN) forming a codebook similar to vector quantization coding. The property of KNN (and self-organizing feature maps in general) which maintains the input space (transformed domain blocks) topology allows to perform a neighboring search to find the piecewise transformation between domain and range blocks.     

Isometry-Based Shape-Adaptive Fractal Coding for Images

Fractal image coding is an effective method to eliminate the image redundancy through piecewise self-transformability. The fractal code consists of a set of contractive affine transforms. To improve the performance when a range block experiences large error, we usually partition the range block into square or nonsquare subrange blocks for two- or multilevel fractal coding. In this paper, we find an inherent property of fractal coding that can be used to decide the edge orientation of a range block. Then this property is used for shape-adaptive fractal coding (SAFC). In SAFC, the top-level range block is partitioned into square or nonsquare (rectangle or triangle) subrange blocks for multilevel fractal encoding. Here, the maximum size of the range block can be the same as that of the whole image size while the minimum size is 4×4. In SAFC, no additional computations are required to obtain the edge orientation of a range block. Instead, we propose an edge-orientation detector, where the edge orientation of a range block is obtained during the fractal encoding process. According to our simulation results, SAFC can reduce the bit rate requirement of the conventional fractal coding scheme.     

基于图像活动性的序列图像分形编码方法

介绍了分形的概念以及分形压缩的主要思想;阐述了传统的分形图像压缩编码的基本原理与实现方法;提出了一种基于图像活动性序列图像分形编码方法。该方法首先由相邻帧之间的预测差值来判断当前编码块的活动性,然后根据图像的活动性,对不同特性的块采用不同的分形编码策略,最后对编码后得到的迭代函数系统（IFS）码进行可变长度编码（VLC）,以获得更高的压缩比。