核壳结构微纳橡胶粒子的可控合成及对PPO/PS共混体系的增韧

采用乳液聚合方法在粒径为100 nm的聚丁二烯(PB)胶乳上接枝聚合苯乙烯(St),合成了核壳比为70/30(PB/PS)的PB-g-PS接枝共聚物,将其与聚苯醚(PPO)、聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂熔融共混,制备出一系列橡胶含量、基体组成不同的PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物,并考察了共混物的相容性、力学性能及形态结构。结果发现:PPO与PS为完全相容体系,且PB-g-PS在PPO/PS基体中的均匀分散程度随体系中PPO引入量的增大而明显改善,共混物的冲击强度及屈服强度也随之逐渐增大,进而促使共混物发生脆-韧转变所需的橡胶含量逐渐降低;随着共混体系中橡胶含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐提高,而屈服强度却逐渐降低,共混物的韧性断裂特征越发显著。     

ABS接枝共聚物对PVC树脂的增韧改性

对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯接枝共聚物(ABS)共混物的脆韧转变、相形态以及动态力学性能进行研究。将不同摩尔质量的PVC与ABS熔融共混制备测试样品。结果表明:低摩尔质量PVC共混物比高摩尔质量PVC共混物的脆韧转变出现时所需的橡胶含量低。在体系中加入增塑剂DOP后,测试结果得到明显改善。通过透射电镜观察发现,高摩尔质量PVC共混物中存在未完全塑化的PVC,其相区尺寸大于PVC初级粒子的尺寸。并得出PVC与SAN部分相容,不影响橡胶粒子在基体中的均匀分散。     

橡胶相结构特征对ABS树脂力学性能的影响

采用乳液聚合法合成了具有橡胶结构特征的丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）,将其与苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）共混,制备了ABS/SAN共混物,并系统地研究了橡胶相结构特征的影响因素及其对共混物力学性能及其形变机理的影响。结果表明,随着聚丁二烯（PB）橡胶粒子粒径的增大,共混物的冲击强度提高,拉伸强度降低;随着橡胶粒子粒径的增大,共混物形变机理从单一的银纹向橡胶粒子空洞化诱发基体剪切屈服转变。     

PVC／ABS共混物性能与配比的优化选择

本文讨论了廉价均聚物PVC与ABS三元共聚物共混体的开发及两种共混组分性能之间的内在关系.组分的相结构强烈地影响着共混物的性能.PVC/ABS共混物呈微观多相:即硬质的连续相和软质的分散相,它们之间是部分相容的.从这种部分相容的共聚物中,可观察到这两种组分在拉伸强度和模量、挠曲强度和模量以及粘度方面的协同效应.两组分间的相互作用可用来解释上述性能的实验结果较PVC和ABS相应各自经验数据的加和值表现出正偏差的原因.这种共混性能补偿无疑是分散相存在的结果.PVC/ABS共混材料令人感兴趣的地方不仅     

CPVC/ABS二元共混物性能的研究

研究了ABS树脂对CPVC/ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响.结果表明随着ABS含量的增加,CPVC/ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度、维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降,而CPVC/ABS共混物的冲击强度得到明显改善;当ABS含量为30%时,共混物的冲击强度为11.0 kJ/m2,维卡软化点为110 ℃,凝胶化时间为52 s,平衡扭矩为17.7 N·m.     

电石法PVC/ABS合金的结构与性能

采用锥形双螺杆挤出机制备了电石法聚氯乙烯（PVC）／丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯三元共聚物（ABS）合金。通过转矩流变仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了ABS含量对PVC／ABS合金流变行为、结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明：ABS能够促进PVC／ABS共混物的塑化,使共混物的平衡扭矩略有增加;ABS以颗粒状分散在PVC中,呈现典型的“海－岛”结构,分散相粒径较小,随着ABS含量增加,ABS相区平均尺寸略有增加;PVC／ABS合金的韧性大幅提高,当ABS用量为13phr时,合金的缺口冲击强度从纯PVC的5．06kJ／m^2增至93．19kJ／m^2。     

PVC/N-AIM共混物的力学性能及形态结构研究

采用乳液聚合法制备了粒径为200 nm的新型丙烯酸酯类核-壳改性剂(N-AIM),并与聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)进行熔融共混,制备PVC/N-AIM共混物,对PVC/N-AIM共混物的力学性能及形态结构进行了系统的研究。结果表明,当丙烯酸丁酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯的质量比为70/25/5,改性剂用量为5.71 phr时,共混物的冲击强度达到最大值(1 280 J/m),并在此时发生了脆韧转变,且增韧效果明显优于丙烯酸酯类抗冲改性剂(KM355);橡胶粒子在PVC基体中分散良好,共混物的断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

CaCO3改性ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系的研究

研究了不同种类的CaCO3对ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系力学性能的影响以及活性CaCO3对ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系相容性、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、硬度、耐热性能和耐水性能的影响。结果表明：ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系为部分相容体系,加入活性CaCO3后共混体系的相容性略有提高,在ABS/PVC/PE-C（70/30/10）共混体系中加入活性CaCO3后,体系的弯曲强度和冲击z强度先随CaCO3含量的增大而升高,当CaCO3含量达到一定值后,又随其增大而降低,CaCO3含量在10%-15%时可获得最好的综合力学性能。同时活性CaCO3的加入使ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系的吸水率有所降低,维卡软化温度和硬度则随着CaCO3含量的增加而有所升高。     

多层核-壳结构橡胶粒子对PVC增韧的研究

采用乳液聚合方法,合成了以聚苯乙烯(PS)为内核、聚丁二烯(PB)为中间层,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为壳层的3层核-壳结构橡胶粒子(PSBM)。通过改变PS和PB的配比,制得核-壳比分别为23/57/20(质量比,下同)、13/67/20、0/80/20的PSBM,并用于增韧聚氯乙烯(PVC)。并对PSBM的内部结构及其在PVC基体中的分散状态、PVC共混物的力学性能及形变机理进行了研究。结果表明,PSBM在PVC基体中具有良好的分散状态;PS/PB/PMMA为13/67/20时,对PVC具有较高的增韧效率,同时还保持了较高的屈服强度,而且具有很好的透光性;对共混物应力白化区的研究表明,PSBM的内核PS与中间层PB的界面层促进了橡胶粒子发生空洞,提高了增韧能力;PVC/PSBM共混物的增韧机理是PSBM橡胶粒子空洞化促进PVC基体发生剪切屈服。     

核壳改性剂增韧聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯共混物的形态结构及性能

采用乳液聚合方法合成了核壳比为50/50(聚丁二烯/聚苯乙烯,PB/PS),粒径分别为120 nm和350 nm的PB-g-PS接枝共聚物,而后将PB-g-PS弹性体与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)同时作为改性剂增韧聚苯醚(PPO)/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物,考察了基体组成(PPO/PS)和橡胶粒子尺寸对HIPS/PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明,随着基体中PPO含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度和拉伸屈服强度显著提高。HIPS中Salami结构橡胶粒子和亚微米尺寸橡胶粒子在PPO/PS基体中分散状态较好,协同增强了共混物的韧性;随着PB-gPS橡胶粒子尺寸的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐增加而拉伸屈服强度无明显变化,同时共混物的冲击断裂方式逐渐由脆性断裂向韧性断裂发生转变。     

Influence of the tert‐dodecyl mercaptan content in poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) on properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends

A series of poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) grafting modifiers were synthesized by emulsion grafting poly(acrylonitrile‐styrene) (SAN) copolymer onto polybutadiene (PB) latex rubber particles. The chain transfer reagent tert‐dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM) was used to regulate the grafting degree of ABS and the molecular weight of SAN copolymers. By blending these ABS modifiers with Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) resin, a series of CPVC/ABS blends were obtained. The morphology, compatibility, and the mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed that the ABS domain all uniformly dispersed in CPVC matrix. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) results showed that the compatibility between CPVC and SAN became enhanced with the TDDM content. From the mechanical properties study of the CPVC/ABS blends, it was revealed that the impact strength first increases and then decreases with the TDDM content, which means that the compatibility between CPVC and the SAN was not the only requirement for maximizing toughness. The decreasing of tensile strength and the elongations might attribute to the lower entanglement between chains of CPVC and SAN. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Toughening of chlorinated polyvinylchloride with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene graft copolymers

In this article, a series of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) graft copolymers with polybutadiene (PB) particle sizes ranging from 66 nm to 304 nm were prepared. Toughening of chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) with ABS graft copolymers was investigated. The results showed that PVC, as a compatibilizer, made the miscibility of CPVC/ABS blends better. PB particle size had significant influence on the ductility of CPVC/ABS blends. There was obvious synergetic effect in the bimodal system. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the dispersion of ABS graft copolymers in the matrix was dependent of PB particle size, and the morphology of CPVC/ABS blends was consistent in the ability to explain properties. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:13–18, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PVC／ABS共混体系的相容性与形态结构研究

采用种子乳液聚合技术在聚丁二烯（PB）乳胶粒子上接枝共聚苯乙烯（St）、α-甲基苯乙烯（α—MSt）和丙烯腈（AN）单体,合成了一系列不同AN结合量的ABS和α—MABS接枝共聚物。将其与聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂熔融共混制得了PVC／AtkS共混物,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和动态力学分析仪（DMA）对共混物的相容性和相结构进行了表征。结果发现,在PVC／ABS共混体系中,尽管改变接枝SAN共聚物的AN结合量,PVC和ABS接枝共聚物均为不相容体系;在ABS接枝共聚物中引入α-MSt后,当接枝SAN共聚物的AN结合量为18．7％～23．6％（质量分数）时,共混物在室温以上只存在1个tanδ峰,共混物成为相容体系,当AN结合量达到32．1％（质量分数）时,共混物成为部分相容体系。共混物的相区尺寸明显地依赖于接枝SAN共聚物中的AN结合量,与动态力学性能结果表现出良好的吻合。     

Study of compatibility,morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends were studied. The core‐shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core‐shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core‐shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core‐shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effects of the polybutadiene/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) ratio in a polybutadiene‐g‐poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) impact modifier on the morphology and mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

Polybutadiene‐g‐poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PB‐g‐SAN) impact modifiers with different polybutadiene (PB)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) ratios ranging from 20.5/79.5 to 82.7/17.3 were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blends with a constant rubber concentration of 15 wt % were prepared by the blending of these PB‐g‐SAN copolymers and SAN resin. The influence of the PB/SAN ratio in the PB‐g‐SAN impact modifier on the mechanical behavior and phase morphology of ABS blends was investigated. The mechanical tests showed that the impact strength and yield strength of the ABS blends had their maximum values as the PB/SAN ratio in the PB‐g‐SAN copolymer increased. A dynamic mechanical analysis of the ABS blends showed that the glass‐transition temperature of the rubbery phase shifted to a lower temperature, the maximum loss peak height of the rubbery phase increased and then decreased, and the storage modulus of the ABS blends increased with an increase in the PB/SAN ratio in the PB‐g‐SAN impact modifier. The morphological results of the ABS blends showed that the dispersion of rubber particle in the matrix and its internal structure were influenced by the PB/SAN ratio in the PB‐g‐SAN impact modifiers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2165–2171, 2005     

Toughening of polyvinylchloride by methyl methacrylate–butadiene–styrene core–shell rubber particles: Influence of rubber particle size

An analysis was made on the effects of rubber particle size on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends containing core–shell methyl methacrylate–butadiene–styrene (MBS) impact modifiers. The critical interparticle distance was found not to be the criterion for the brittle‐ductile transition in the blends. In tensile tests, the blends with larger (100–280 nm) rubber particles exhibited intense stress‐whitening, while one blend with small (83 nm) rubber particles showed only slight stress‐whitening. These differences were due to an increase in resistance to cavitation with decreasing rubber particle size. Transmission electron microscopy studies on blends with a bimodal distribution of particle sizes showed that in the whitened zone of Izod specimens the larger rubber particles cavitated and expanded on yielding, while the smaller particles remained intact. However, Izod test results showed that small MBS rubber particles can toughen the PVC matrix very effectively, especially at low temperatures and at low rubber concentrations. The deformation mechanisms responsible for these effects were discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

NBR/PVC共混胶的结构与性能

采用机械共混法和乳液共沉法制备了NBR/PVC共混胶,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对共混胶的微观形貌、结构进行了表征,考察了共混方式和共混胶配比对其力学性能的影响,并比较了共混胶、CPE、P-83对硬质/软质PVC的改性效果。结果表明:①与机械共混胶相比,乳液共沉胶混合得更均匀,分散性更好,其分子级混合程度更好;②乳液共沉胶试样的力学性能在总体上优于机械共混胶;③对于硬质PVC,CPE的改性效果优于其他改性剂;④对于软质PVC,乳液共沉胶的改性效果最好,特别是对撕裂强度的提高非常明显。     

马来酸酐接枝改性氯化聚氯乙烯的制备及其在PVC中的应用

采用固相法制备马来酸酐接枝氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC-g-MAH),得到了接枝率达2.91 %的CPVC-g-MAH,并对其进行了性能测试,探讨了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/CPVC-g-MAH共混物的冲击性能和加工性能,与PVC/氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)共混物进行对比以观察改性效果。结果表明,CPVC-g-MAH的热性能较CPVC有较大提高;PVC/CPVC-g-MAH共混物的冲击性能比PVC/CPVC共混物有所提高,而平衡转矩有所降低,说明CPVC-g-MAH相比于CPVC对PVC共混物加工性能改善效果更加明显。     

Effect of acrylic core–shell rubber particles on the particulate flow and toughening of PVC

Different types of acrylic core–shell rubber particles with a poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) core and a grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell were synthesized. The average size of acrylic core–shell latex particles ranged from 100 to 170 nm in diameter, having the core gel content in the range of 35–80%. The melt blending behavior of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the acrylic core–shell rubber materials having different average particle sizes and gel contents was investigated in a batch mixing process. Although the torque curves showed that the particulate flow of the PVC in the blends was dominant, some differences were observed when the size and gel content of the particles varied. This behavior can be attributed to differences in the plasticizing effect and dispersion state of various types of core–shell rubber particles, which can vary the gelatin process of the PVC in the mixing tool. On the other hand, the highest toughening efficiency was obtained using core–shell rubber particles with the smallest particle size (i.e., 100 nm). The results showed that increasing the gel content of the core–shell impact modifiers with the same particle size improved the particle dispersion state in the PVC matrix. The toughening efficiency decreased for the blends containing 100 and 170 nm rubber particles as the gel content increased. Nevertheless, unexpected behavior was observed for the blends containing 140 nm rubber particles. It was found that a high level of toughness could be achieved if the acrylic core–shell rubber particles as small as 100 nm had a lower gel content. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Study on the damping of EVM based blends

The mechanical and damping properties of blends of ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber(VA content >40 wt %) (EVM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and EVM/ethylene‐propylene‐diene copolymer (EPDM), both with 1.4 phr BIPB (bis (tert‐butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene) as curing agent, were investigated by DMA. The effect of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the damping and mechanical properties of both rubber blends were studied. The results showed that in EVM/EPDM/PVC blends, EPDM was immiscible with EVM and could not expand the damping range of EVM at low temperature. PVC was miscible with EVM and dramatically improved the damping property of EVM at high temperature while keeping good mechanical performance. In EVM/NBR/PVC blends, PVC was partially miscible with EVM/NBR blends and remarkably widened the effective damping temperature range from 41.1°C for EVM/NBR to 62.4°C, while CPVC mixed EVM/NBR blends had an expanded effective damping temperature range of 63.5°C with only one damping peak. Curing agents BIPB and DCP had a similar influence on EVM/EPDM blends. DCP, however, dramatically raised the height of tan δ peak of EVM/NBR = 80/20 and expanded its effective damping temperature range to 64.9°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011