小型金属陶瓷惰性阳极的低温铝电解实验

本实验采用自行研制的小型镍铁尖晶石基惰性阳极 (直径 43mm)与冰晶石 -氧化铝系低温电解质 ,在 85 0℃下进行电解实验 ,保持阳极电流密度lA/cm2 ,实验共进行 11小时 ,得到了少量的金属铝。实验结果表明 ,在此电解温度下 ,构成惰性阳极的金属陶瓷材料抗电解质腐蚀的能力较强 ;阳极在实验后出现的裂纹说明材料的抗热震性有待进一步提高 ,而且本实验中惰性阳极与金属导杆的连接方式也需更深入研究。     

电解铝生产用的惰性电极材料

介绍了国内外９０年代以后在电解铝生产用惰性电极材料研究方面的最新进展。重点介绍了惰性阳极的材料中的金属阳极和氧化物阳极以及惰性阴极中的二硼化钛材料,提出了电解铝用的惰性极材料的研究方向和应用前景。     

铝电解惰性阳极研究现状

惰性阳极是铝工业新技术的一个重要课题,本文对近年来铝电解阳极材料多已集中在金属、金属陶瓷、氧化物陶瓷和氧化铈涂层几个方面的现状及研究进展分别加以介绍。指出铝电解惰性阳极的研制一开始就遇到的问题,如氧化,腐蚀,产出铝受惰性阳极材料的污染,阳极寿命,导电性和成本问题仍未完全解决。     

电解质对铝电解用阳极润湿性的研究

测试了熔融状态下三种不同组分的电解质对碳阳极和自制的镍铁尖晶石基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的润湿性.实验结果表明,电解质对惰性阳极的润湿性明显好于对碳阳极的润湿性,不同电解质成分对阳极的润湿角有一定影响.工业冰晶石中加入Al2O3能够改善电解质对阳极的润湿性,添加剂CaF2对提高电解质对惰性阳极的润湿性基本没有贡献.     

改进的二硼化钛基惰性阴极耐蚀性的研究

用冷压烧结法制造了TiB2-MoSi2惰性阴极,得到致密的二硼化钛基惰性阴极试样。在电解实验后,通过对二硼化钛阴极的表面和剖面的电子显微分析,发现铝液对此种惰性阴极的湿润性好于电解质对惰性阴极的湿润性,避免了电解质与阴极表面的接触,发现惰性阴极的腐蚀为电解南对阴极晶界的腐蚀,测得腐蚀速度为2．22mm/a,证明其耐蚀性能良好。     

惰性阴极在较低温度电解中的应用

本文研究了两种惰性阴极材料,即TiB_2/Tic/C复合材料TiB_2/C涂层材料,在铝电角质较低熔点电解质中的电流效率,测量了不同阴极材料的过电压;此外,还考察了铝液对这两种阴极材料的化学侵蚀。     

铝电解惰性阳极的材料设计

综合评述了国内外迄今为主,在惰性阳极领域所做的部分代表性工作,分析了不同材质惰性阳极在实验室和工业化过程所遇到的困难。研究相关领域最近几年的新进展,如合金、陶瓷、腐蚀与防护等,将这些领域取得一些成果引入到铝电解惰性阳极材料的解决方案中,如对铝液无污染的复合电极材料以及将合金高温抗氧化涂层的概念,为铝电解惰性阳极的研究工作提供一些新思想。     

采用惰性阳极和可润湿性阴极的新型铝电解槽

介绍了几种采用惰性阳极和可润湿性阴极的铝电解槽 ,尤其是对近年来美国专利中给出的采用炭素阳极或惰性阳极的导流槽、采用竖式电极的单极性和双极性电解槽以及料浆电解槽进行了详细的描述 ,并指出了它们各自结构的优缺点     

中温铝电解质的研制及其在铝电解中的应用

文中报道了中温铝电解质的研制结果。采用酸性冰晶石 氟化铝 氧化钙 氟化镁 氟化钡体系。在实验室的35A电解槽上;采用碳阳极以及碳阴极和惰性TiB_2阴极,进行电解,电解温度为920±5℃。     

新型铝电解金属基复合材料惰性阳极研制与应用

研制了一种了铝电解惰性阳极的新型金属基复合材料，复合材料阳极导电性好且具备优良的抗氧化耐冰晶石熔盐腐蚀性能。在温度为850℃，60安培电流，阳极电流密度为10A／cm^，摩尔分子比为18的30％氧化铝浓度的冰晶石系电解质中进行了长时间的电解应用。结果表明，电解过程进行较为平稳，阳极周围产生大量气体。阳极腐蚀速率为2391mm／year，电解铝产品质量达到98％～99％，解决金属基惰性阳极电解过程合金成分对产品的污染问题。     

Influence of inert gas species on the growth of silver and molybdenum films via a magnetron discharge

Argon is the process gas of choice for most magnetron sputtering applications due to its large atomic mass, inert chemistry, and relatively low cost. Other inert gases are available for use in sputtering deposition that have varying mass and hence different momentum behaviour during ion bombardment of solid surfaces — affecting sputter yield, particle implantation and incorporation of process gas into deposited films. The plasma discharges generated from these gases vary in terms of the nature and energy of species incident at both target and substrate. In particular, the contribution from energetic neutrals varies as a consequence of the atomic mass of the process gas in comparison to the target material to be sputtered.Magnetron plasma discharges were generated from neon, argon, krypton and xenon gases in DC and mid-frequency pulsed-DC modes with both silver and molybdenum cathodes. The electrical characteristics, such as potential and current at the target and substrate were measured and compared. Thin metallic films were then deposited and analysed in terms of structure; mechanical, optical and electrical properties; and process gas incorporation. The data generated is used to establish the relationship between process gas species, plasma discharge characteristics of those gases, and the subsequent growth and properties of deposited coatings.     

惰性气体保护熔炼--国外精铸技术进展述评(8)

惰性气体保护熔炼的基本原理是将低温液态惰性气体滴在熔池表面或直接将惰性气体覆盖在熔池上方，驱赶熔池上方的空气，降低熔池上方气体中的氧含量，从而避免合金液氧化和吸气。使用该技术后，熔炼过程无须熔剂覆盖和脱氧，不仅非金属夹杂物、气体夹渣等铸造缺陷大为减少，而且由于合金液纯净度提高，流动性也有所改善，浇不足、冷隔等缺陷随之减少：     

惰性配合物在铂族金属分离和测定中的应用

介绍了铂族金属在形成各种配合物时不同的动力学性质，评述惰性配合物在铂族金属分离和测定中的应用。     

镍基惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性研究(上)

论述NiO-NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极在熔融电解质中的腐蚀情况，对该镍基惰性阳性的制备过程及抗腐蚀性能进行了深入研究。     

Laboratory-scale performance of a binary Cu-Al alloy as an anode for aluminium electrowinning

A binary Cu-Al alloy (9.4 wt.% Al) has been investigated as a potential inert anode for aluminium electrowinning. Anodes have been tested in a laboratory electrolysis cell both with and without preformed oxides. Electrolysis was conducted in cryolitic electrolytes with anode current densities of 0.5 A cm⁻². The anodes operated satisfactorily as measured by electrical parameters. However, substantial corrosion of the Cu-metal substrate was observed. The external oxide generated on pre-treated anodes was porous and allowed the electrolyte to penetrate through to the Cu-metal whereby corrosion was initiated. An untreated anode formed an in situ surface alumina film, but this did not prevent corrosion of the substrate.     

EFFECT OF Cu-Ni CONTENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF (Cu-Ni)/(10NiO-90NiFe2O4) CERMET INERT ANODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS

(Cu-Ni)/(10NiO-9ONiFe2O4 ) cermet inert anodes containing metal Cu-Ni 0,5, 10, 15 and 20 wt pet were prepared and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated. The results indicate that the content of metal Cu-Ni has little effect on the steady-state concentration of Ni in the electrolyte and the values could not be used to effectively differentiate their corrosion resistance. The steady-state concentration of Fe decreases from 304×10-8 to 168×10-6 and that of Cu increases from 21×10-6 to 71×10-6 with the content of metal Cu-Ni increasing from 0 to 20 wt pct. Post-examination shows that metallic phase Cu-Ni is corroded preferentially during electrolysis and many pores are left at the anode surface. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing metal Cu-Ni 5 wt pct should be selected and studied further.     

EFFECT OF Cu-Ni CONTENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF （Cu-Ni）/（10NiO-90NiFe204） CERMET INERT ANODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS

（Cu-Ni）/（10NiO-90NiFe204） cermet inert anodes containing metal Cu-Ni0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt pct were prepared and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated. The results indicate that the content of metal Cu-Ni has little effect on the steady-state concentration of Ni in the electrolyte and the values could not be used to effectively differentiate their corrosion resistance. The steady-state concentration of Fe decreases from 304×10^-6 to 168×10^-6 and that of Cu increases from 21×10^-6 to 71×10^-6 with the content of metal Cu-Ni increasing from 0 to 20 wt pct. Post-examination shows that metallic phase Cu-Ni is corroded preferentially during electrolysis and many pores are left at the anode surface. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing metal Cu-Ni 5 wt pct should be selected and studied further.     

对于铝电解惰性阳极的选材与研究方向的思考

本文简要介绍了国际上铝电解惰性阳极方面较有影响的研究工作，以及国内在此领域的研究状况。对惰性阳极材料的选择问题进行较深入的探讨，分析了陶瓷、金属和金属陶瓷材料在隋性阳极研究应用中所出现的问题,并对惰性阳极未来的研究发展方向提出了一些建议。     

Further Development on NiFe2O4-Based Cermet Inert Anodes for Aluminum Electrolysis

The new aluminum electrolysis technology based on inert electrodes has received much interest for several decades because of the environment and energy advantages. The key to realize this technique is the inert anode. This article presents China’s recent developments of NiFe₂O₄-based cermet inert anodes, which include the optimization of material performance, the joint between the cermet inert anode and metallic bar, as well as the results of 20 kA pilot testing for a large-size inert anode group. The problems NiFe₂O₄-based cermet inert anodes face are also discussed.     

Preparation and preliminary testing of cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONAluminumhasthelargest productivityamongthenonferrousmetals ,2 4Mtperyearintheworld .Whilegreatprogresshavebeenmadeintheprimaryaluminum production ,theindustrycontinuestopur sueresearchtosolvesomeformidablechallenges ,suchas quitealargeenergyintensity(14 0 0 0 15 0 0 0kW·hpertonaluminum) ,highcon sumptionofcarbonanode(5 0 0 6 0 0kgpertonalu minum) ,significantemissionsofgreenhousegas(1.71tpertonaluminum )andotherdetrimentalgases ,highcapitalinvestmentandcost[1] .Inertelectr…