微波辅助离子液体制备及催化降解聚酯

采用微波辅助离子交换法,以氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Cl)和氯化锌为原料,合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐离子液体,并考察了合成过程中溶剂对离子液体合成的影响。进一步以制备的离子液体为催化剂,乙二醇为溶剂,采用微波辅助乙二醇醇解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。以对苯二甲酸的回收量为指标,分别考察了离子液体用量、反应温度、时间以及溶剂用量对PET降解反应的影响。结果表明,采用微波辅助离子交换法在30 min内即可合成得到相应的离子液体,以二氧六环为溶剂时,3种产物的产率均高于90%。在微波加热的条件下,离子液体[Bmim][Zn2Cl5]对PET的乙二醇醇解反应具有较好的催化性能,对苯二甲酸的产率超过20%。     

响应面法优化微波辅助萃取柠檬皮中果胶的研究

该文以离子液体[BMIM]Cl(氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术提取柠檬皮中的果胶,系统考察了[BMIM]Cl浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取溶剂体积等因素的影响,并通过响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化,得出最佳工艺条件为[BMIM]Cl浓度1.0 mol/L,萃取温度88℃,萃取时间9.6 min,每克干柠檬皮用萃取溶剂22.7 mL,在该条件下,果胶的提取率为24.68%,与拟合的二次回归模型预测值基本相符。     

离子液膜法分离H_2、N_2混合气体研究

选取2种市售离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF4)与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6),另采用离子交换法合成出2种离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲酸盐([BMIM]HCOO)与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐([BMIM]CH3COO)。将离子液体与膜分离法优点相结合,选取聚偏氟乙烯膜、聚砜膜和聚丙烯腈膜并用浸渍法制备离子液体支撑液膜。比较不同温度下不同类型离子液膜对H2/N2的分离系数发现,[BMIM]HCOO型聚砜膜和聚丙烯腈膜对H2/N2分离系数较大。温度条件显著影响分离效果:30℃时[BMIM]BF4型聚偏氟乙烯膜、[BMIM]HCOO型聚砜膜分离H2/N2能力较强,可分离掉N2获得H2;30℃时[BMIM]BF4型聚砜膜分离N2/H2能力较强,可分离掉H2获得N2。     

离子液体微波辅助提取柠檬皮中果胶工艺的研究

本论文论述了以离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（[BMIM]Br）水溶液作为提取剂,采用微波辅助技术从柠檬皮中提取果胶工艺研究.利用红外光谱和质谱对合成的[BMIM] Br进行了表征.系统研究了各个因素对果胶提取效果的影响,得到适宜的工艺条件为：[BMIM] Br浓度1.2 mol/L,液固比20 mL/g,萃取温度80℃,微波功率400W,萃取时间7 min.利用红外光谱对所得果胶进行了结构表征.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体浸渍硅胶吸附CO2的研究

采用浸渍法将1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([BMIM]BF4)和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸([BMIM]PF6)离子液体负载在A型硅胶上,并对负载样品进行了FTIR和CO2吸附表征.研究了不同阴离子种类、离子液体负载量、孔径分布等对CO2吸附性能的影响.结果表明:浸渍法制备的硅胶固载离子液体具有发达的微孔结构,且在0.4 ～ 0.8 nm有连续的分布;对于硅胶负载[BMIM]PF6,离子液体用量对CO2吸附能力的影响并不十分显著;硅胶负载[BMIM]PF6比[BMIM]BF4具有更好的CO2吸附性能,在273 K、0.1 MPa时,浸渍[BMIM]PF6样品的CO2吸附量达到3.68wt％.     

纤维素/[BMIM]Cl体系表观黏度影响因素

以1-丁基3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)离子液体为溶剂,研究了高聚合度的针叶木浆(DP=1460)在[BMIM]Cl溶剂体系中的活化能,考察了溶解温度、浆粕浓度和介孔硅添加量对纤维素/[BMIM]Cl体系表观黏度的影响.研究表明:纤维素/[BMIM]Cl体系黏流活化能AE=50.8 kJ/mol,针叶浆粕含量对体...     

咪唑盐离子液体的微波合成、表征及性质研究

通过微波辐射,在无溶剂的状态下以N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了4种氯化1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([Bmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl、[C_12mim]Cl、[C_16mim]Cl)离子液体,并测定了离子液体的表面张力和吸水性能.     

胶原在两种离子液体[BMIM]Cl和[BMIM]Ac中的溶解及再生结构比较

采用离子交换法, 以1-丁基-3-甲基氯代咪唑([BMIM]Cl)为原料合成了咪唑醋酸盐型离子液体([BMIM]Ac), 以两者为溶剂研究了胶原纤维在咪唑类离子液体中的溶解行为及再生前后的结构与热稳定性变化。结果表明, 胶原纤维在CH₃COO^-和Cl^-型离子液体中均能溶解, 但具有明显不同的溶解特性。相对[BMIM]Cl的溶解性能而言, [BMIM]Ac能够在较低的温度下获得高浓度和良好流动性的胶原溶液, 而且再生胶原的三股螺旋结构保留度更高。FTIR、UV、XRD、CD、TG分析结果表明, 胶原在咪唑离子液体中溶解前后其化学结构未发生明显变化, 而三股螺旋的保留度和热稳定性略有降低。     

咪唑类离子液体脱除气体中有机硫化物的研究

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑为阳离子制备了[BMIM]Ac、[BMIM]HSO₄、[BMIM]DBP、[BMIM]SCN等4种脱有机硫咪唑类离子液体,通过FT-IR和¹HNMR等表征验证了其分子结构特征,考察了不同咪唑离子液体对硫醇的脱除效果。结果表明,4种离子液体中[BMIM]Ac可与硫醇形成稳定的氢键,表现出较优的脱硫能力,常压下当含硫醇的原料气流量为100 mL/min时,吸收2 min后可脱除83%的甲硫醇和乙硫醇,丙硫醇的脱硫率可达到92%;另外,该离子液体脱硫性能稳定、再生循环性能优异,可推广用于天然气中有机硫的脱除。     

不同溶解方法制备的纤维素/[BMIM]Cl纺丝液的性能比较

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为溶剂,分别采用直接溶解法和间接溶解法(即在含水[BMIM]Cl中溶胀后再减压蒸馏去除多余的水使之溶解)制备了纤维素/[BMIM]Cl纺丝液,系统地比较了这两种纺丝液的流变行为及可纺性。结果表明:相同条件下,直接溶解法制备的纤维素/[BMIM]Cl纺丝液的表观黏度最大,而间接溶解法制得的纺丝液的表观黏度随着溶胀时[BMIM]Cl的初始含水率的增加而下降。与直接溶解法相比,间接溶解法制得的纺丝液溶解均匀、流动性能好、纺丝过程中断头次数少、可纺性能提高,所得到的再生纤维素纤维具有更好的力学性能。     

Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Extraction with Lewis-Acidic Ionic Liquid

Abstract

Ionic liquids were found to be highly selective for the extractive removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from fuels at room temperature. The efficiency of ionic liquids for the removal of aromatic sulfur compounds is dependent on the properties and structure of the ionic liquids. In this work, the Lewis-acidic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrahalogenoferrate(III) ([BMIM] [FeCl₄]) was synthesized and demonstrated to be more effective for the removal of aromatic sulfur compounds from diesel over ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM] [BF₄]) because of its Lewis-acidic property. The ionic liquids favorably extracted organic compounds with a higher density of aromatic π-electrons. [BMIM][FeCl₄] ionic liquid can be regenerated through reextraction by hexane, and could be used in multiple steps for the removal of sulfur compounds from diesel.     

甲醇-乙酸甲酯-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐的等压汽液平衡

测定了101.3 kPa下甲醇-乙酸甲酯-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐（[BMIM］［Tf2N］）体系的汽液平衡,并用NRTL方程对测得的汽液平衡数据进行了回归,得到方程的二元参数。实验表明［BMIM］［Tf₂N］能够显著提高甲醇对乙酸甲酯的相对挥发度,并且随着［BMIM］［Tf₂N］含量的增加,甲醇对乙酸甲酯的相对挥发度增大。将萃取剂［BMIM］［Tf₂N］与1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（［OMIM］［PF₆］）进行了对比,结果表明对于甲醇-乙酸甲酯体系,［BMIM］［Tf₂N］具有更高的分离效率。     

离子液体用于四氢呋喃-乙醇-水三元共沸物系分离的研究

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺（[BMIM] [DCA]）为萃取剂，采用流程模拟和机理分析两种方法，对离子液体用于四氢呋喃（THF）-乙醇-水三元共沸物的分离进行了研究。通过COSMO-RS理论，以选择性为性能指标筛选出合适的离子液体[BMIM][DCA]，并且以[BMIM][DCA]为萃取剂，在适合的操作条件下建立了萃取精馏过程，模拟结果表明THF、乙醇和水的质量分数都接近1。通过对[BMIM][DCA]和三种溶质的σ-谱图分析，发现[BMIM][DCA]可分别与三种溶质形成更强的氢键，从而打破三种溶质间的固有氢键，进而消除它们的共沸现象。     

Environmentally Benign Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Glycopyranosides in Task-Specific Ionic Liquid

Abstract  

A green reaction condition has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides by the Ferrier rearrangement of glycals using alcohols and thiols in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM]·OTf) in excellent yield. [BMIM]·OTf has been applied as a task specific ionic liquid organo-catalyst. Operational simplicity, environmentally benign reaction condition, use of task specific ionic liquid, short reaction time, high yields are the notable features of this methodology.     

Crystallographic Investigation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effects on Enzyme Structure

We present the first crystallographic insight into the interactions of an ionic liquid (IL) with an enzyme, which has widespread implications for stabilizing enzymes in IL media for biocatalysis. Structures of Bacillus subtilis lipase A (lipA) and an IL‐stable variant (QM‐lipA) were obtained in the presence of increasing concentrations of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]). These studies revealed that the [BMIM] cation interacts with surface residues through hydrophobic and cation–π interactions. Of specific interest was the disruption of internal stacking interactions of aromatic side chains by [BMIM], which provides structural evidence for the mechanism of enzyme denaturation by ILs. The interaction of [BMIM] and Cl ions with lipA was reduced by the stabilizing mutations Y49E and G158E in QM‐lipA. Ultimately, these findings present the molecular basis for stabilizing enzymes from IL‐induced inactivation, as well as the selection of ILs that are less denaturing.     

两种咪唑型离子液体对纤维素的溶解及纺丝性能的比较

以1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐（[EMIM]Ac）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[BMIM]CI）两种咪唑型离子液体为溶剂,研究比较了它们对纤维素的溶解性能及其溶液的纺丝加工性能。结果发现：两种离子液体均能在一定条件下溶解纤维素,但[EMIM]Ac较[BMIM]Cl对纤维素具有更低的溶解温度和更快的溶解速率。从流变分析还发现：纤维素/[EMIM]Ac溶液与纤维素/[BMIMCl溶液均为切力变稀流体,相同条件下纤维素/[EMIM]Ac溶液的黏度远低于纤维素/[BMIM]Cl溶液,使其可在相对低的温度下纺丝。此外,GPC分析结果表明：纤维素在用[EMIM]Ac溶解及纺丝过程中降解程度较小,而用[BMIM]Cl进行溶解纺丝时,降解作用则较明显。对纤维结构与力学性能的分析结果进一步表明：与相同喷头拉伸比下制得的[EMIM]Ac法再生纤维素纤维相比,[BMIM]Cl法再生纤维素纤维的聚集态结构相对较完善,结晶度与取向度更高些,从而使其力学性能也相对较好。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其在离子液体中的自组装行为

采用阴离子开环聚合法合成了嵌段共聚物PCL—PEG—PCL（聚己内醋-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯）。用1HNMR和GPC等对产物的分子量和组成进行表征,将其在离子液体中配成胶束,通过透射电镜（TEM）观察胶束的微观结构。研究结果表明,当疏水链段长度固定时,胶束的自组装形状主要依赖于亲水链的长度。     

Recycling and Activity Recovery of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for Alkylation of Benzene with 1-Dodecene

Performances of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium aluminium chloride ([BMIM]Cl-AlCl3) ionic liquid as catalyst for the alkylation of benzene with long chain olefins were investigated in a continuous operation mode. A small pilot plant with continuous mixing-reacting-separating-recycling functions, equipped with a static mixer reactor, a tube packed with metal Al thread and a combined liquid-liquid settling phase separator, was introduced as an alternative. The results showed that the continuous fast mixing and separation of ionic liquid catalyst from reactant mixture could be synchronously accomplished within a wider flow rate ratio range of the recycling reaction mixture to the ionic liquid catalyst. The recycling of chloroaluminate ionic liquid was realized. ICP-AES detection results of Al content in the reactants proves that in-situ Al compensation to the reaction system may be an important choice to prolong the stable running time of moisture-sensitive ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl-AlCl3 when feedstock inevitably contains trace water. It suggests that the activity of chloroaluminate ionic liquid is recovered under the in-situ Al compensation operation.     

一种具有木质素溶解能力的离子液体的合成

利用强碱型阴离子交换树脂合成了一种离子液体[BMIM][CH3COO],并通过HNMR图谱对其进行了表征。然后利用其溶解玉米秸秆中的木质素,最终通过木质素溶出率的计算可知:合成的离子液体[BMIM][CH3COO]对木质素有着良好的溶解能力。