锡青铜化学镀 Ni-P 合金工艺及镀层性能

目的在锡青铜基体上化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,提高锡青铜的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。方法以酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜试样,在相同的条件下实施化学镀,并对镀态试样进行不同温度(250,400,500℃)下的热处理。对比基体、镀态试样和热处理试样的性能,研究热处理温度对锡青铜化学镀Ni-P合金层微观结构、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的影响。结果锡青铜表面形成了Ni-P合金镀层,并且镀层无孔隙缺陷,与基体结合良好,沉积速率较快,为10.00μm/h。经热处理后,镀层的微观结构由非晶态向晶态转变,在500℃热处理的镀层显微硬度最大,耐磨性最好。镀态镀层和经250℃热处理的镀层在10%HNO3溶液和10%H2SO4溶液(10%均为体积分数)中的耐腐蚀性明显好于锡青铜基体,镀态镀层在两种介质溶液中的腐蚀速率分别为0.225,0.146 mg/(cm2·d)。结论采用酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜基体,可以在锡青铜表面制备出化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,且镀覆效果较好。这表明紫铜化学镀Ni-P合金工艺同样适用于锡青铜。     

化学镀Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能

通过极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)电化学实验及均匀腐蚀实验研究了化学镀Ni-Sn-P复合镀层分别在5%H_2SO_4和3.5%NaCl不同腐蚀溶液中的耐腐蚀性,探究了不同Sn颗粒含量对Ni-Sn-P复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当Sn含量为2.0 g/L时,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的失重最小,其抗腐蚀性能最好。当Sn含量高于2.0 g/L时,镀层失重增大,孔隙率上升,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能降低。在两种腐蚀溶液中,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层相比于Q235基体和Ni-P镀层具有更正的腐蚀电位,更高的传荷电阻值(R_(ct)),更小的双电层电容值(C_(d1)),更低的失重速率。这说明Ni-Sn-P复合镀层在不同酸性的腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性比Ni-P镀层及基体的显著增强。     

38CrMoAl钢低温碱性Ni-P化学镀工艺的研究

在碱性条件下,通过控制化学镀液的温度,在38CrMoAl钢上获得了很好的Ni-P化学镀层组织。利用高倍金相显微镜观察了镀层的表面形貌和镀层的厚度,利用显微硬度计测量了镀层的硬度,采用碱液全侵蚀腐蚀法测量了试样的耐腐蚀性。结果表明,在化学镀镀液温度为40℃时,镀层的表面颗粒细小且均匀,分布致密,镀层厚度适中、边沿平整,其显微硬度为920HV;对4%NaOH溶液,镀层最大腐蚀损失量为0.005mg·cm~(-2),具有良好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。     

镁合金表面Ni-P/Ni镀层的制备与性能研究

在镁合金表面先化学镀Ni-P层,再电镀Ni,获得高耐蚀性Ni-P/Ni镀层,并用静态腐蚀浸泡法研究了化学镀时间和电镀时间对所得镀层在5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,先化学镀40 min,再电镀15 min所得的Ni-P/Ni镀层具备高耐蚀性能,电化学测试结果表明,此种镀层在酸性和碱性溶液中都具有较好的耐蚀性能。在200℃热处理24 h后,Ni-P/Ni镀层的耐蚀性提高,同时外层Ni层的显微硬度从HV460增大到HV550。镀层侧面的SEM照片显示,镀层均匀致密,与基体结合良好,化学镀层与电镀层之间没有明显的界限。     

新型三元复合络合剂体系对AZ91D镁合金表面酸性化学镀Ni-P的影响

利用含新型三元复合络合剂的酸性化学镀镍液体系,在AZ91D镁合金表面通过化学镀制备Ni-P防护镀层。结果表明,镀层沉积速率随着镀液中三元复合络合剂浓度的变化而改变。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和差热分析（DSC）对镀层结构、形貌以及热稳定性进行表征和分析。通过交流阻抗（EIS）和动电位扫描极化曲线对Ni-P镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能进行评价。镀液中三元复合络合剂的浓度对Ni-P镀层的结构与形貌有显著影响。Ni-P镀层的热稳定性随着三元复合络合剂浓度的增加而降低。当镀液中三元复合络合剂浓度为0.035 mol/L时,所制备的Ni-P镀层致密、均一,在3.5%NaCl溶液中表现出良好的耐蚀性能。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层及腐蚀防护机理研究

目的为提高镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的腐蚀防护性能。方法在AZ31B镁合金表面,先化学镀Ni-Cu-P,再化学镀Ni-P,制备Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层。研究复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、厚度和腐蚀电流密度随镀液硫酸铜浓度的变化规律,表征1.0 g/L硫酸铜质量浓度下,复合镀层的截面形貌、成分和晶态结构。结合动电位极化曲线和盐雾试验,分析复合镀层的耐蚀性能和腐蚀防护机理。结果复合镀层中的铜含量随硫酸铜浓度的增加而升高,铜对复合镀层的结构和性能影响很大。通过抑制镀层表面胞状物的生长和增加形核点数量,铜的共沉积能够大幅提高复合镀层的致密性。随硫酸铜浓度的增加,样品表面的催化活性下降,镀液稳定性升高,由此导致复合镀层的厚度随硫酸铜浓度的增加而明显下降。硫酸铜质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,复合镀层均匀致密,并具有可钝化性,按照ISO 9227,其耐盐雾腐蚀时间超过180 h。结论化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层能够赋予镁合金表面优异的耐蚀性能,复合镀层所具有的可钝化性和均匀致密的镀层结构,是镀层腐蚀防护性能提升的主要原因。     

AZ91D镁合金化学复合镀Ni-P-ZrO2的工艺与性能

对镁合金传统化学镀工艺进行了改进,避免了使用氢氟酸和六价铬等有毒物质。采用化学镀与化学复合镀相结合方法,在AZ91D镁合金上获得了Ni-P-ZrO2纳米化学复合镀层,并研究了新工艺化学镀前处理和镍沉积机理及复合镀层的结构和性能。结果表明:新工艺方法获得的Ni-P镀层更均匀、致密,耐蚀性优于传统工艺化学镀层;Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层与AZ91D合金基体在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线对比表明,该复合镀层对镁合金可以起到明显的保护作用;从磨损实验结果可见,Ni-P镀层的磨损质量损失率几乎为Ni-P-ZrO2镀层的3倍,说明ZrO2纳米粉的加入能改善镀层的耐磨性。     

复合化学镀层在盐化物料中的耐蚀性

采用极化曲线研究了不同磷含量的Ni-P镀层在盐化物料中的耐腐蚀性,对比了不同种类的复合化学镀层在盐化物料中的耐蚀性能,对镀层的组成、表面形貌以及镀层力学性能、孔隙率等进行了分析。结果表明,镀层在盐化物料中的耐腐蚀性与其成分关系密切。镍磷镀层的磷含量越高,耐腐蚀性越好;合金镀层中,Ni—Sn-P的耐蚀性能较Ni—Cu-P...     

Zr-8Al合金酸性化学镀Ni-P镀层

采用酸洗粗化、磷化处理等预处理,然后再采用酸性化学镀在Zr-8Al合金表面成功制备了厚度为15 μm左右的Ni-P镀层,并对镀层的物相、结构、显微硬度以及在3.5％ NaCl溶液中的极化行为进行了分析.结果表明,酸洗及磷化处理有效地促进了化学镀Ni-P镀层的沉积.化学镀Ni-P镀层成典型的胞状结构、非晶结构.与未化学镀合金相比,化学镀Ni-P镀层显微硬度提高了58％,在3.5％溶液中的自腐蚀电位发生了正移.腐蚀极化后仍然保留了胞状特征,避免了Zr-8Al合金的选择性腐蚀,说明化学镀Ni-P镀层提高了Zr-8 Al合金的抗腐蚀性能.     

镁合金酸性化学镀中化学镀Ni-Sn-P过渡层的结构与作用（英文）

将具有高耐蚀性的化学镀Ni-Sn-P三元合金过渡层应用于镁合金酸性化学镀镍过程。通过SEM和XRD对比研究传统碱性化学镀Ni-P过渡层与新型Ni-Sn-P过渡层的表面形貌和显微组织,并测试过渡层与AZ31镁合金之间的结合力。采用孔隙率、过渡层在p H=4.5的酸性化学镀镍溶液中的动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)以及10%HCl浸泡实验研究过渡层的耐蚀性。结果表明:过渡层对于直接在镁合金表面进行酸性化学镀Ni-P合金是必不可少的。在相同厚度(~6μm)条件下,与传统化学镀Ni-P过渡层相比,化学镀Ni-Sn-P过渡层的非晶化程度更高,表面平整致密,镀层无孔隙,结合力强,耐蚀性更高。最重要的是,以化学镀Ni-Sn-P为过渡层可以成功地在镁合金表面制备酸性化学镀Ni-P合金镀层。     

NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-P合金防腐研究

采用正交试验法对NdFeB磁体表面化学镀镍磷合金的工艺进行了优化，测量了镀层和基体在3．5％（ω）NaCl溶液、10％（φ）盐酸和20％（ω）NaOH溶液中的腐蚀速度，以及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱，对比分析了在酸性和碱性条件下所得Ni-P镀层的结构和表面形貌。结果表明，采用EIS谱图及等效电路模型可对镀层和磁体在介质中的电化学参数进行拟合分析，化学镀Ni-P合金能够显著改善NdFeB磁体的耐腐蚀性能，且酸性条件下所获得的镀层为非晶态结构，表面胞状组织呈密集连续分布，耐腐蚀性能更佳。     

Electrochemical behavior of nanocrystalline Ni–P alloys containing tin and tungsten

Autocatalytic ternary Ni-Sn-P, Ni-W-P and quaternary Ni-W-Sn-P films were prepared using an alkaline bath. Plain Ni-P films were also prepared for comparison. Corrosion resistance of the films was evaluated in 3.5% sodium chloride solution in non-deaerated condition by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. Deposits were also immersed in 3.5% sodium chloride solution for 7 days. All the coatings attained stable equilibrium potential within 30 minutes in NaCl medium. Lower corrosion current density values were obtained for ternary Ni-Sn-P coatings compared to the plain Ni-P coatings. Ternary Ni-W-P and quaternary Ni-W-Sn-P alloys did not show improved corrosion resistance compared to the ternary Ni-Sn-P coatings. Similar behavior of these coatings was further confirmed by the electrochemical impedance studies. After the potentiodynamic polarization test deposits were examined by scanning electron microscope. It was found that more corrosion occurred for the quaternary deposit compared to other deposits. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray results indicated that more amount of Fe present on NiWP and NiWSnP coated samples. Similar behavior was confirmed from the optical images of the surfaces obtained for the deposits after the immersion test. The article is published in the original.     

Nd3+对烧结Nd-Fe-B化学镀Ni-P合金结合力和耐蚀性的影响

在化学镀液中添加Nd3+,研究其浓度对Ni-P镀层与烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力和施镀后磁体耐蚀性的影响.测定添加不同浓度Nd3+镀液中所得Ni-P镀层与磁体的结合力,以及镀层在3.5%NaCl(质量分数,下同)溶液中的极化曲线,并结合中性盐雾实验表征施镀后磁体耐蚀性.结果表明,添加2.5 g·L-1Nd3+时,Ni-P镀层与Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力从6.4 MPa提高至25.2 MPa:施镀后磁体的自腐蚀电位从-0.382 V升高到-0.148 V,自腐蚀电流密度从4.52μA·cm-2降低到0.07μcm-2,耐盐雾腐蚀时间达到256 h,磁体耐蚀性显著提高.     

钨铜合金化学镀镍磷镀层的腐蚀行为

采用浸渍失重试验法和动电位极化曲线研究了钨铜合金基材和钨铜合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层在不同腐蚀介质溶液中的腐蚀行为.浸渍失重试验结果表明:Ni-P合金在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液、人工模拟汗液和体积分数为10%的H2SO4溶液中的耐腐蚀性能好于钨铜合金;动电位极化曲线研究表明:化学镀Ni-P合金浸入3.5wt.%NaCl溶液后不久其表面便开始形成钝化膜,但此钝化膜不完整,随着浸泡时间的延长,钝化膜不断生长,能在较长时间内(29d)对钨铜合金起到保护作用.     

The effect of copper ion on microstructure,plating rate and anticorrosive performance of electroless Ni-P coating on AZ61 magnesium alloy

In this paper, the effects of copper ion addition on microstructure, composition, deposition rate and anticorrosive performance of electroless Ni-P coating on AZ61 magnesium alloy have been investigated. Deposits were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) techniques. The corrosion behavior of the deposits was studied by Open Circuit Potential (OCP) measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt % NaCl. Moreover, the deposition rate of the coatings was determined by polarization tests. The results indicate that introduction of Cu²⁺ improves the characteristics and anticorrosion performance of Ni-P coating.     

AZ31镁合金轧态薄板化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺研究

为了改善AZ31镁合金轧态薄板的耐腐蚀性能,通过正交试验优化了化学镀Ni-P的配方及工艺,并对Ni-P镀层的形貌、镀层厚度、镀层中P元素的含量以及镀层在3．5％NaCI溶液中的极化曲线进行了测试和表征。结果表明,AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni—P的最优方案为：碱式碳酸镍10g／L,次亚磷酸钠25g/L,温度80％,pH值=8。所得的Ni—P镀层均匀,无明显缺陷,厚度约为18～23μm,P元素的质量分数为9．68％。试样经化学镀Ni—P后的自腐蚀电位大幅度提高,出现了约600mV的钝化区间,其耐蚀性能明显提高。     

Characterization of Electroless Ni-P Deposits on Surface of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Characterization of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis.The result of XRD showed that the electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys were composed mostly of amorphous Ni-P and partially of microcrystalline nickel.The phosphorus content in the Ni-P deposits was 10.8%by the calculation of EDS.SEM micrographs showed that morphology of electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was a typical cellular structure,and the growth of cellular structure was influenced by surface condition of substrate.Zinc layer between substrate and electroless nickel deposits was not found by the results of SEM and EDS,which indicated that the zinc layer on the surface of magnesium alloy was very thin,and the zinc would dissolved while being immersed in electroless nickel plating solution.The thin zinc layer was almost dissolved completely before Ni-P plating.The result of electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization analysis showed that the corrosion potential Ecorr of electroless nickel deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was about-0.53 V,which was 1 V higher than that of magnesium alloys substrate.And corrosion current density of Ni-P deposits in 3.5%NaCl solution was much smaller than that of magnesium alloys substrate at the same potential value,which indicated that corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P deposits was excellent.Discoloration time of concentrated nitric acid test for electroless nickel deposits on magnesium alloys was 445 s,which also indicated excellent corrosion resistance.     

Corrosion and wear properties of electroless Ni-P plating layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A direct electroless Ni-P plating treatment was applied to AZ91D magnesium alloy for improving its corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Corrosion resistance of the Ni-P coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and immersing experiments in 3.5% NaCl solution. The wear resistance of the coatings was investigated by the wear track and the mass change after ball-on-disk experiment. The results show that corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the AZ91D alloy are greatly improved after direct electroless Ni-P plating. No discoloration is noticed until 4 d of immersion in 3.5% NaC1 solution. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments show that the free corrosion potential of magnesium alloy is shifted from -1 500 mV to -250 mV and passivation occurs at 1 350 mV after direct electroless plating. The friction coefficients and wear rates of Ni-P coating and Ni-P coating after tempering are 0.10-0.351, 9.038×10^-3 mm^3/m and 0.13-0.177, 3.056×10^-4 mm^3/m, respectively, at a load of 1.5 N with dry sliding. Although minor hurt on corrosion resistance was caused, significant improvement of wear resistance was obtained after tempering treatment of the coating.     

Zr-8.8Al合金化学镀前浸锌处理工艺研究

采用浸锌法对Zr-8.8Al合金进行了化学镀前处理,研究了浸锌液配方及工艺对化学镀Ni-P镀层显微结构、显微硬度、抗蚀性的影响规律。结果表明,室温下二次浸锌处理90 s浸锌层均匀致密;浸锌后进行化学镀处理获得的Ni-P镀层为非晶结构,胞状结构,与基体结合良好。与裸材相比,室温下浸锌液为:Zn SO4 280 g/L、Na OH 20 g/L、Na NO42 g/L、KNa C4H4O6 20 g/L,一次浸锌处理60 s,二次浸锌30 s获得的Ni-P镀层显微硬度提高了80%,在3.5%Na Cl(质量分数)溶液中自腐蚀电位发生正移,极化腐蚀后镀层较完整,保护性较优。