高压输电线路红外图像的边缘检测

高压输电线路的导线，金具及绝缘子串等的红外图像的特点有：边缘模糊，对比度差，空间域上存在孤立的点和小块噪声。采用中值滤波方法。在保护图像边缘细节信息的前提下有效地降低了图像空间域高频噪声，用分段线性灰度变换增强了图像边缘的对比度，提高了图像的温度分辨力和空间分辨力。通过对Roberts边缘算子、Sobel边缘算子、Prewit边缘算子、Laplace边缘算子和Laplace改进算子等常用边缘检测算子对噪声的抑制效果和边缘定位精度的对比分析，选用Roberts算子完成了图像的边缘轮廓检测，并对不连续边缘进行跟踪和连接，得到了清晰连续的图像边缘，完成了高压输电线路红外图像的边缘特征提取。以一幅耐张绝缘子串的红外图像为应用实例，验证了图像预处理及边缘检测方法的有效性。     

一种基于视频图像的运动车辆跟踪方法

基于视频图像的车辆运动跟踪是当前计算机视觉研究的热点,具有广泛的应用领域。本文研究了一种基于视频图像的运动车辆跟踪算法,通过当前帧目标边缘与实时更新模板的最优匹配来确定目标的位移量。首先启动了卡尔曼滤波,预测目标匹配搜索区域,然后再在搜索区域中利用边缘匹配精确定位目标,减小了匹配的计算量。实验结果表明,该方法是有效的且实时性好。     

一种基于滑动差分的车辆边缘检测新方法

在基于视频的交通监控系统中,车辆的快速、有效提取是车辆检测中的一个重要环节。在彩色图像中,当车辆出现在道路上时,因为车辆与道路相比颜色上有较大的差异,所以在车辆的边缘像素点上会发生颜色的突变。本文以此为依据,结合车辆的几何信息,提出了一种新的车辆提取算法。此方法通过对彩色图像进行逐行扫描的方式,利用滑动差分滤波器,确定每行的车辆边缘像素点,进而将车辆从图像中提取出来。实验证明,该方法能简单有效地提取车辆。     

基于模糊集的图像边缘检测算法

边缘检测一直是图像处理中一个热门课题，本文在对经典模糊边缘检测算法思想进行分析的基础上，提出了一种边缘检测算法，该算法通过阈值分区间定义一种模糊隶属函数，可将数字图像转化在等效的模糊特征平面上，然后选用适当的增强算子对图像进行模糊增强，增强后的图像经逆变换后进行边缘提取即可得到所需图像的边缘特征。应用这种算法计算量小，运算速度较快，提取的边缘细致，是一种很有实用价值的边缘提取算法。     

图像边缘检测算法及在电厂中的应用

介绍几种典型的边缘检测算法，对它们各自的特点进行比较。讨论边缘检测在电厂锅炉炉膛火焰检测方面的原因。对一幅原始火焰图像，用两种边缘检测算法提取火焰图像的边缘，并对提取后的边缘图像进行分析。最后对边缘检测算法的发展方向进行展望。     

基于改进直线检测的箱体跌落姿态角解算方法

弹药跌落环境模拟系统主要用于对各种弹药(箱装或裸弹)、引信、仪器设备等进行跌落试验。针对野外复杂背景下高速相机采集的目标跌落图像噪声大、边缘复杂不易提取且图像数据量大等问题，设计了融合高斯核函数和边窗思想的滤波算法、基于感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)的改进Hough直线检测算法以及基于序列图像ROI动态更新的边缘直线自动提取算法，解决了去噪过程中目标边缘扩散和序列图像姿态角解算耗时长的问题。实验表明，所提出的改进算法保护了高噪声图像的边缘特征，直线检测耗时低于标准Hough变换耗时的1/10,实现了多帧图像运动目标姿态角的快速自动提取，姿态角解算平均绝对误差为0.36%。     

机器视觉在大型工件自动探伤检测中的应用

大型金属工件探伤一般用无损检测法，技术难度高、工程量大，往往难以获得精度的测量准确值。针对机器视觉产品将被摄取目标转换图像信号后，多数都还依赖于手工进行处理问题，文章提出了一种基于边缘撮的工业CT（断层）图像几何尺寸的自动测量方法。该方法采用Canny算子提取图像边缘信息，并在图像边缘上实现对大型工件CT图像的内部结构尺寸和缺陷尺寸的自动测量。该方法已成功地应用于工业CT图象处理软件中，实际应用表明，它具有较高的精确度和重复性。     

一种基于改进块匹配算法的运动车辆检测

在传统的基于块匹配算法的运动车辆检测中,因为直接对灰度图像进行匹配而带来计算量大、光照变化较敏感和实时性差的缺陷。针对这些问题,提出了基于概率松弛标记算法的块匹配算法,先通过概率松弛标记算法求取灰度图像的边缘,然后通过块匹配算法根据匹配的相似度得到位移矢量场,并对其进行矢量中值滤波,最后通过顺序区域增长把运动车辆分割出来。实验结果表明,这种算法鲁棒性强、实时性好,与传统算法比较在效率大幅度提高的情况下准确率也得到了一定的提升。     

高压输电线图像边缘检测方法研究

边缘检测是图像边缘识别中的研究热点和难点,迄今已有许多边缘检测方法。文章研究了2种边缘检测算子——Sobel和Canny,并对实际的高压输电线图像进行了边缘检测。选取了2种不同天气条件下的图像进行了边缘检测,并比较分析了单一边缘检测处理的图像与经过中值滤波后的边缘检测处理的图片,以期得出质量较好的图像,为输电线路的准确识别和监测奠定良好的基础。     

基于数据融合的图像边缘检测算法研究

提出了一种基于数据融合的图像边缘检测算法。该算法对原始图像分别采用Canny算子和小波变换两种方法进行边缘提取,再将两种方法结果通过数据融合的手段获得一幅新的边缘图像。实验证明,融合后的图像边缘包含了原始图像丰富的细节信息和较完整的轮廓,该算法优于单独采用Canny算子所获得的边缘图像,是一种有效的图像边缘检测方法。     

基于交通信息和配电网全成本电价的电动汽车充电负荷调度方法

电动汽车的集中充电行为会在一定程度造成交通拥堵,为解决这一问题,综合考虑交通信息和电网信息,基于边际定价理论得到配电网节点边际电价和交通阻塞成本,构建电动汽车充电的全成本电价模型。在此基础上,提出一种考虑交通信息和配电网全成本电价的电动汽车充电负荷调度方法。通过仿真算例验证,该方法在满足电动汽车充电需求的同时可以有效缓解交通拥堵。     

Detection and classification of vehicles

This paper presents algorithms for vision-based detection and classification of vehicles in monocular image sequences of traffic scenes recorded by a stationary camera. Processing is done at three levels: raw images, region level, and vehicle level. Vehicles are modeled as rectangular patches with certain dynamic behavior. The proposed method is based on the establishment of correspondences between regions and vehicles, as the vehicles move through the image sequence. Experimental results from highway scenes are provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. We also briefly describe an interactive camera calibration tool that we have developed for recovering the camera parameters using features in the image selected by the user     

Real-Time Incremental Segmentation and Tracking of Vehicles at Low Camera Angles Using Stable Features

We present a method for segmenting and tracking vehicles on highways using a camera that is relatively low to the ground. At such low angles, 3-D perspective effects cause significant changes in appearance over time, as well as severe occlusions by vehicles in neighboring lanes. Traditional approaches to occlusion reasoning assume that the vehicles initially appear well separated in the image; however, in our sequences, it is not uncommon for vehicles to enter the scene partially occluded and remain so throughout. By utilizing a 3-D perspective mapping from the scene to the image, along with a plumb line projection, we are able to distinguish a subset of features whose 3-D coordinates can be accurately estimated. These features are then grouped to yield the number and locations of the vehicles, and standard feature tracking is used to maintain the locations of the vehicles over time. Additional features are then assigned to these groups and used to classify vehicles as cars or trucks. Our technique uses a single grayscale camera beside the road, incrementally processes image frames, works in real time, and produces vehicle counts with over 90% accuracy on challenging sequences.     

碳排放最小化条件下电动汽车有序充电策略研究

针对清洁能源和传统能源发电设备的碳排放特性、清洁能源所在位置以及负荷的时空分布特点等因素,参考历史运行数据,建立电动汽车充电与发电设备边际出力增长关系的模型。考虑电动汽车出行特性及其电池充电特性,建立电动汽车无序充电情景下的边际碳排放增长模型。为更多地利用清洁能源,以减少电动汽车充电行为引起的边际碳排放增长,提出碳市场中电动汽车充电与清洁能源,协同的有序充电策略。最后,以碳费用计算模型为基础,提出电动汽车碳排放的评价指标。在算例中,根据提出的评价指标对电动汽车碳排放进行分析。结果表明,与电动汽车无序充电相比,电动汽车与清洁能源协同的有序充电策略可有效地减少边际碳排放增长和碳费用。     

Local Difference Probability (LDP)-Based Environment Adaptive Algorithm for Unmanned Ground Vehicle

This paper presents a new vision sensor-based road-following method for unmanned vehicles. Usually, the performance obtained with such methods is limited by several factors like image quality according to camera types (charge-coupled device CCD/CMOS), mounted camera position, stereo-/single-vision sensors, structured/unstructured environment, and image noise (illumination and shadow). Existing road-following algorithms for unmanned vehicles perform well, given a certain number of satisfied constraints, so there is a lack of flexibility in their use in real-world situations. The currently proposed local-difference-probability-based method overcomes most of these constraints assuring flexibility in real-world environments.     

Reliable Detection of Overtaking Vehicles Using Robust Information Fusion

Early detection of overtaking vehicles is an important task for vision-based driver assistance systems. Techniques utilizing image motion are likely to suffer from spurious image structures caused by shadows and illumination changes, let alone the aperture problem. To achieve reliable detection of overtaking vehicles, the authors have developed a robust detection method, which integrates dynamic scene modeling, hypothesis testing, and robust information fusion. A robust fusion algorithm, based on variable bandwidth density fusion and multiscale mean shift, is introduced to obtain reliable motion estimation against various image noise. To further reduce detection error, the authors model the dynamics of road scenes and exploit useful constraints induced by the temporal coherence in vehicle overtaking. The proposed solution is integrated into a monocular vision system onboard for obstacle detection. Test results have shown superior performance achieved by the new method     

Vehicle-Component Identification Based on Multiscale Textural Couriers

This paper presents a novel method for identifying vehicle components in a monocular traffic image sequence. In the proposed method, the vehicles are first divided into multiscale regions based on the center of gravity of the foreground vehicle mask and the calibrated-camera parameters. With these multiscale regions, textural couriers are generated based on the localized variances of the foreground vehicle image. A new scale-space model is subsequently created based on the textural couriers to provide a topological structure of the vehicle. In this model, key feature points of the vehicle can significantly be described based on the topological structure to determine the regions that are homogenous in texture from which vehicle components can be identified by segmenting the key feature points. Since no motion information is required in order to segment the vehicles prior to recognition, the proposed system can be used in situations where extensive observation time is not available or motion information is unreliable. This novel method can be used in real-world systems such as vehicle-shape reconstruction, vehicle classification, and vehicle recognition. This method was demonstrated and tested on 200 different vehicle samples captured in routine outdoor traffic images and achieved an average error rate of 6.8% with a variety of vehicles and traffic scenes.     

Superresolution of License Plates in Real Traffic Videos

In this paper, a novel method to enhance license plate numbers of moving vehicles in real traffic videos is proposed. A high-resolution image of the number plate is obtained by fusing the information derived from multiple, subpixel shifted, and noisy low-resolution observations. The image to be superresolved is modeled as a Markov random field and is estimated from the observations by a graduated nonconvexity optimization procedure. A discontinuity adaptive regularizer is used to preserve the edges in the reconstructed number plate for improved readability. Experimental results are given on several traffic sequences to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method to potential errors in motion and blur estimates. The method is computationally efficient as all operations can be implemented locally in the image domain     

An HMM/MRF-based stochastic framework for robust vehicle tracking

Shadows of moving objects often obstruct robust visual tracking. In this paper, we present a car tracker based on a hidden Markov model/Markov random field (HMM/MRF)-based segmentation method that is capable of classifying each small region of an image into three different categories: vehicles, shadows of vehicles, and background from a traffic-monitoring movie. The temporal continuity of the different categories for one small region location is modeled as a single HMM along the time axis, independently of the neighboring regions. In order to incorporate spatial-dependent information among neighboring regions into the tracking process, at the state-estimation stage, the output from the HMMs is regarded as an MRF and the maximum a posteriori criterion is employed in conjunction with the MRF for optimization. At each time step, the state estimation for the image is equivalent to the optimal configuration of the MRF generated through a stochastic relaxation process. Experimental results show that, using this method, foreground (vehicles) and nonforeground regions including the shadows of moving vehicles can be discriminated with high accuracy.