非完整移动机器人轨迹跟踪自适应控制器设计

针对轮式移动机器人的非完整运动学模型,将自适应反演控制技术和李亚普诺夫稳定性理论应用于机器人轨迹跟踪控制,设计了具有全局渐近稳定性的自适应轨迹跟踪控制器,并在Matlab环境下实现了移动机器人对直线和椭圆2种轨迹追踪的仿真实验.实验表明:该控制方法在轨迹跟踪控制中有较好的航向跟踪效果,对机器人非完整系统模型的非线性特性...     

基于迭代学习控制的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

为提高移动机器人对特定轨迹的重复跟踪能力,提出了采用开闭环PD型迭代学习控制算法对移动机器人进行轨迹跟踪控制的方法。建立了包含外界干扰的非完整约束条件下的轮式移动机器人运动学模型,给出了系统的控制算法和控制结构。仿真结果表明,采用开闭环PD型迭代学习控制算法对轨迹跟踪是可行有效的,收敛速度优于其他迭代学习算法。     

基于深度强化学习和动态窗口法的移动机器人路径规划

为了应对复杂多变的环境并提高移动机器人实时避障能力,提出了一种基于深度强化学习和动态窗口法的融合路径规划方法.首先,通过将机器人的驱动控制直接作用在速度空间来执行路径规划,从而使机器人具备动态窗口特性.然后,设计并训练一个深度Q网络去逼近移动机器人的状态-动作值函数,进而与环境动态地进行交互和试错,实时调整机器人的移动轨迹,最终为机器人找到最优路径.仿真实验结果表明,论文所提方法在自定义RGB(图像像素)图像的复杂环境中能够使移动机器人保持安全适当的速度行驶,找到无碰撞的最优路径,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

一种改进的移动机器人轨迹跟踪迭代学习方法

通过对轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪优化问题的研究,提出了一种适应性强、收敛速度快且跟踪误差小的迭代滤波学习控制方法,充分发挥了迭代学习控制和Kalman滤波算法的优势,通过引入状态补偿项和设计新的迭代学习增益矩阵对迭代学习律进行了改进。改进的迭代学习控制能够更快速、更精确、更有效地跟踪期望的圆轨迹。采用离散的Kalman滤波器对干扰和噪声进行滤波,抑制了干扰和噪声对轨迹跟踪的影响,使该控制算法更适合于工程应用。计算机实验和仿真表明该方法具有较好的轨迹跟踪能力。     

小型履带式移动机器人控制系统设计

针对小型履带式移动机器人,设计了遥控与自主返航模式相结合的控制体系结构,并对机器人自主定位及路径跟踪技术进行重点介绍;信号正常的情况下,机器人在遥控模式下工作,信号中断后,启动自主返航模式,机器人根据路径规划的轨迹行驶到目标点;自主返航模式下,采用传感器信息融合技术提高了机器人定位精度,基于已有路径进行点跟踪控制,设计机器人跟踪控制律;基于履带式移动机器人平台及所述控制系统,对任意给定路径进行跟踪实验;结果表明,机器人可沿给定路径到达终点,且行驶轨迹光滑,验证了定位方法的精度以及跟踪控制律的有效性。该控制系统设计简单,可移植性高,可广泛应用于地面移动机器人领域。     

基于反向迭代学习控制的工业机器人应用研究

针对一类具有对称期望轨迹跟踪的工业机器人系统,提出一种新的迭代学习控制方法,即反向型迭代学习控制方法。通过利用这类轨迹固有的特征,将其以中心点为界分解为前后两个独立的轨迹,利用两段轨迹的镜像对称特征,不断交替优化调整下次迭代周期的控制量,使得跟踪当前轨迹的工业机器人系统每次迭代时不必再从轨迹的初始点学习,从而有效加快了系统的学习速度。对具有镜像对称特征的期望轨迹进行交替利用控制信息,实现了工业机器人对期望轨迹的快速跟踪、减小系统的跟踪误差,从而达到了机器人跟踪效率的较大提升。收敛性分析和机器人的仿真实例验证了所提控制方法的有效性。     

基于Lyapunov稳定性理论的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对非完整轮式移动机器人的高度强耦合、欠驱动非线性动力学模型,设计了运动学控制器以及动力学力矩控制器,使得移动机器人轨迹能够跟踪理想轨迹。这种方法的实质是首先设计虚拟速度控制器,输出速度的期望值,然后设计基于模型的力矩控制器。最后通过simulink软件对所设计的系统进行仿真,结果表明对于非完整机器人的轨迹跟踪这种控制方法效果较好。     

基于改进弹簧模型的移动机器人柔顺跟随行人方法

针对人机共融环境下的跟随型自动搬运机器人,为了解决被跟随目标突发性运动造成机器人失灵的难题,提出了一种基于改进弹簧模型的移动机器人柔顺跟随方法.给被跟随目标的腿部和障碍物添加虚拟弹簧,完成了对机器人和被跟随目标之间相对位姿的闭环控制,从而实现躲避障碍物和自然交互任务.特别地,通过给虚拟弹簧添加动态阻尼系数,实现了移动机器人跟随目标运动的实时性和柔顺性.通过Simulink仿真对比移动机器人对被跟随目标的柔顺跟随轨迹,实现对改进弹簧模型的参数优化.采用自主开发的两轮差速移动机器人和Vicon光学运动捕捉系统,在被跟随目标做无规律、长距离运动的条件下,验证了该移动机器人跟随轨迹的平滑性和柔顺性.     

基于广义二型模糊神经网络的移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种广义二型模糊神经网络控制方法。模糊控制可以弥补机器人动态特性中的非线性和不确定性因素,而广义二型模糊系统能更有效地处理外界干扰和参数扰动等不确定性,广义二型模糊神经网络系统结合了神经网络强大的非线性拟合能力和自学习能力,能够更有效地对规则库中可能存在的不确定性进行建模。它可以进一步提高控制精度,达到跟踪的目的。仿真结果表明,与PID控制器、模糊控制器和一型模糊神经网络控制器相比,该方法能更好地跟踪轮式移动机器人的运动轨迹且拥有更好的抗干扰能力。     

基于轨迹跟踪车式移动机器人编队控制

针对车式移动机器人的运动学模型特点, 提出一种基于轨迹跟踪多机器人编队控制方法. 首先利用编队结构参数确定队形, 根据编队轨迹和相关参数生成虚拟机器人, 把编队控制转化为跟随机器人对虚拟机器人的轨迹跟踪; 然后运用反步法构造车式移动机器人轨迹跟踪系统的Lyapunov 函数, 通过使该函数负定, 得到跟随机器人的轨迹跟踪控制器; 最后在Microsoft robotics developer studio 4 (MRDS4) 中搭建3D 仿真平台, 设计了3 组实验, 所得结果表明了所提出方法的有效性.     

Iterative Path Tracking of an Omni-Directional Mobile Robot

We propose a path-tracking algorithm that is developed using an iterative learning control (ILC) technique and use the algorithm to control an omni-directional mobile robot. The proposed algorithm can be categorized as an open–closed PD-type ILC; it generates robot velocity commands by a PD-type ILC update rule using both previous and current information. When applied to the omni-directional mobile robot, it can decrease position errors and track the desired trajectory. Under the general problem setting that includes a mobile robot, we show that the proposed algorithm guarantees that the system states, outputs and control inputs converge to within small error bounds around the desired ones even under state disturbances, measurement noises and initial state errors. By using simulation and experimental tests, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm converges fast to the desired path, and results in small root-mean-square (r.m.s.) position error under various surface conditions. The proposed algorithm shows better path-tracking performance than the conventional PID algorithm and achieves faster convergence and lower r.m.s. error than the existing two ILC algorithms.     

基于迭代学习的农业车辆路径跟踪控制

由于农作物的播种、收获、除草和农药化肥喷洒具有周期性的特点,农业车辆在执行农田作业时具有较强的重复性. 基于迭代学习控制（Iterative learning control,ILC）方法研究农业车辆的路径跟踪问题,建立了农业车辆的两轮移动机器人运动学模型,设计了车辆路径跟踪的迭代学习控制算法,并基于压缩 映射方法理论上证明了算法的收敛性. 研究表明,迭代学习控制可有效利用农业车辆运行的重复信息,实现车辆期望路径有限区间内的高精度完全跟踪控制. 仿真示例验证了本文方法的有效性.     

离散非线性系统的迭代学习轨迹跟踪鲁棒算法优化及应用

针对一类存在随机输入状态扰动、输出扰动及系统初值与给定期望值不严格一致的离散非线性重复系统,提出了一种P型开闭环鲁棒迭代学习轨迹跟踪控制算法．基于λ范数理论证明了算法的严格鲁棒稳定性,并通过多目标函数性能指标优化P型开闭环迭代学习控制律的增益矩阵参数,保证了优化算法下系统输出期望轨迹跟踪误差的单调收敛性,达到提高学习算法收敛速度和跟踪精度的目的．最后应用于二维运动移动机器人的实例仿真,验证了本文算法的可行性和有效性．     

Resilient iterative learning control for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems under hybrid attacks

The security control problem for a class of unknown nonlinear systems is considered in this paper. For the nonlinear system running in the network environment, the measurement channel is subjected to hybrid attacks. Intermittent denial of service attacks and false data injection attacks are modeled as the hybrid attacks. According to the characteristics of the repetitive system, a resilient iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm under hybrid attacks is devised. Subsequently, the stability of the system is proved by mathematical derivation and theoretical analysis in the sense of mathematical expectation. The theoretical analysis results indicate that the resilient ILC algorithm can ensure the stability of the system, and the tracking error converges with the increased number of iterations. Finally, the validity of the algorithm is illustrated by numerical simulation and mobile robot simulation.     

多移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统设计与实现

针对轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题,在分析了机器人运动学模型的基础上,构建多机器人的领航-追随模型;采用跟踪微分器在输入输出两端安排过渡过程,设计了一种基于多变量解耦的非线性PID轨迹跟踪控制器;搭建以Arduino Mega 1280控制板为核心的移动机器人实验平台,采用速度PID控制器以满足机器人驱动电机的实时调速要求,基于ROS提出一种结构化和模块化的多机器人控制系统;在此基础上进行实验,并将实验结果与传统PID方法控制的实验结果进行对比;实验结果验证了文章所提算法的有效性,控制器易于实现且具有一定的鲁棒性。     

A Smooth Path Tracking Algorithm for Wheeled Mobile Robots with Dynamic Constraints

In order to avoid wheel slippage or mechanical damage during the mobile robot navigation, it is necessary tosmoothly change driving velocity or direction of the mobile robot. This means that dynamic constraints of the mobile robotshould be considered in the design of path tracking algorithm. In the study, a path tracking problem is formulated asfollowing a virtual target vehicle which is assumed to move exactly along the path with specified velocity. The drivingvelocity control law is designed basing on bang-bang control considering the acceleration bounds of driving wheels. Thesteering control law is designed by combining the bang-bang control with an intermediate path called the landing curve whichguides the robot to smoothly land on the virtual target's tangential line. The curvature and convergence analyses providesufficient stability conditions for the proposed path tracking controller. A series of path tracking simulations and experimentsconducted for a two-wheel driven mobile robot show the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Integrated predictive iterative learning control based on updating reference trajectory for point-to-point tracking

A novel control technique is proposed by combining iterative learning control (ILC) and model predictive control (MPC) with updating-reference trajectory for point-to-point tracking problem of batch process. In this paper, a batch-to-batch updating-reference trajectory, which passes through the desired points, is firstly designed as the tracking trajectory within a batch. The updating control law consists of P-type ILC part and MPC part, in which P-type ILC part can improve the performance by learning from previous executions and MPC part is used to suppress the model perturbations and external disturbances. Convergence properties of the integrated predictive iterative learning control (IPILC) are analyzed theoretically, and the sufficient convergence conditions of output tracking error are also derived for a class of linear systems. Comparing with other point-to-point tracking control algorithms, the proposed algorithm can perform better in robustness. Furthermore, updating-reference relaxes the constraints for system outputs, and it may lead to faster convergence and more extensive range of application than those of fixed-reference control algorithms. Simulation results on typical systems show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Robust face tracking control of a mobile robot using self‐tuning Kalman filter and echo state network

This paper presents a novel design of face tracking algorithm and visual state estimation for a mobile robot face tracking interaction control system. The advantage of this design is that it can track a user's face under several external uncertainties and estimate the system state without the knowledge about target's 3D motion‐model information. This feature is helpful for the development of a real‐time visual tracking control system. In order to overcome the change in skin color due to light variation, a real‐time face tracking algorithm is proposed based on an adaptive skin color search method. Moreover, in order to increase the robustness against colored observation noise, a new visual state estimator is designed by combining a Kalman filter with an echo state network‐based self‐tuning algorithm. The performance of this estimator design has been evaluated using computer simulation. Several experiments on a mobile robot validate the proposed control system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Identification based adaptive iterative learning controller

In recent years, more research in the control field has been in the area of self‐learning and adaptable systems, such as a robot that can teach itself to improve its performance. One of the more promising algorithms for self‐learning control systems is Iterative Learning Control (ILC), which is an algorithm capable of tracking a desired trajectory within a specified error limit. Conventional ILC algorithms have the problem of relatively slow convergence rate and adaptability. This paper suggests a novel approach by combining system identification techniques with the proposed ILC approach to overcome the aforementioned problems. The ensuing design procedure is explained and results are accrued from a number of simulation examples. A key point in the proposed scheme is the computation of gain matrices using the steepest descent approach. It has been found that the learning rule can be guaranteed to converge if certain conditions are satisfied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society