基于UG软件的芯盒内表面抛光路径生成方法

近些年,随着数控技术和CAD／CAM技术在模具工业中的广泛应用,数字化和机器人等抛光方法对复杂模具曲面进行抛光处理的应用得到了较快的发展,并成为模具曲面加工中行之有效的方法。本文针对芯盒内表面抛光过程中的不同抛光曲面,分析了UG模具曲面加工运动中各种路径的生成方法;     

模具曲面抛光轨迹生成及仿真

针对目前模具自由曲面抛光过程加工难的问题。从抛光工具与模具表面的接触入手。分析抛光工具的姿态，并着重对模具曲面抛光运动轨迹的规划和生成方法进行探讨。提出了根据模具曲面的不同区域宜采用不同的抛光轨迹生成方法。通过UGNX软件进行仿真分析。验证其抛光运动轨迹生成的合理性。     

机器人模具抛光自由曲面刀具轨迹的生成研究

以HNC-IR教学机器人为对象,对机器人模具抛光中自由曲面的抛光刀具轨迹的生成和干涉处理进行了研究,提出了适合于机器人抛光的面自由曲面刀具轨迹生成算法,此算法生成的抛光刀具轨迹具有形式简单、在曲面表面分布均匀等优点,适合于机器人抛光。     

烟灰缸注塑模具凸模的CAM及仿真

在加工行业中,计算机辅助数控加工已经得到广泛的应用。MasterCAM针对复杂曲面,特别是由其它造型软件生成的图元文件,可以方便快捷进行零件粗加工、精加工刀具路径规划,NC代码生成以及导入机床仿真软件进行加工前模拟。针对MasterCAM导入注塑模具凸模零件刀具路径规划过程进行了深入探讨和研究。     

用MasterCAM加工凸模零件的工艺分析

MasterCAM曲面加工一般分为粗加工和精加工,粗加工有七种路径,精加工有十种路径.粗加工是加工出大致形状,使用平刀,精加工是将工件加工成型,使用球头刀.在具体的加工时应选用适当的粗、精加工路径.从三角凸模的曲面特点及加工难点出发,分析了如何使用MasterCAM软件编制合理的刀具路径,使加工质量大为改善.     

磁研法在模具曲面中的抛光机理与技术研究

针对目前模具自由曲面抛光过程的难加工问题.按照模具曲面抛光要求,结合电磁场理论,提出采取磁性的磨料,通过磁场中磁力的作用实现对模具自由曲面型腔抛光加工的新工艺.从磁力研磨的加工特点着手,对抛光工艺过程的主要参数进行分析,并对磁力研磨运动轨迹的规划和生成进行探讨,提出自由曲面磁力研磨时获取均匀表面去除的方法.     

曲面磁力抛光刀具路径规划与驻留时间算法研究

复杂曲面的自动抛光加工方法与效率一直是困扰模具曲面加工的难题,将磁力抛光与数字化测量、控制技术相结合,可以较好地解决曲面抛光加工的效率与自动化问题。参考数控加工理论,对自由曲面加工的刀具轨迹以及轨迹生成算法进行了分析,重点探讨了抛光刀具的驻留时间控制算法。     

面向精密抛光的复杂模具曲面三维重构方法

针对机器人辅助模具精密抛光系统发展的要求,提出了一种复杂模具曲面三维重构方法。分析了模具抛光件型线三维重构方法的原理和实现过程,并详细讨论了面向精密抛光的复杂模具曲面三维造型方法的关键技术,包括节点的选取、端点切矢的选取等;给出了在精密抛光系统中,复杂模具自动抛光曲面的编程控制策略和实现方案。应用所提的面向精密抛光的复杂模具曲面三维重构方法能使精密抛光系统在加工的不同阶段始终蕴涵不等的模具曲面加工信息,从而提高了抛光效率和产品质量,并降低了工人劳动强度。     

模具曲面抛光工艺知识的获取

针对模具曲面抛光工艺规划专家系统开发中的抛光工艺知识的获取问题进行了研究,在分析了模具曲面抛光工艺过程的基础上,探讨了抛光工艺知识的特征,给出了抛光工艺知识的获取方法,为模具抛光工艺过程的智能化奠定了基础。     

基于MasterCAM自由曲面加工刀具路径优化

为提高自由曲面数控加工的切削效率和加工精度,对自由曲面三坐标数控加工刀具路径工艺特点进行研究。分析了在MasterCAM软件内可采用的几种刀具路径规划方法及其实现的约束条件。研究了该软件内由参数线法、路径截面法和等残留高度法等三种算法生成各种刀具路径的优缺点,并根据三种算法所生成刀具路径的特点优化加工各种曲面的刀具路径。通过实例对三种算法所生成的刀具路径进行应用比较,结果表明,根据曲面形状特点合理选用及规划刀具路径,可提高刀具路径对曲面形状变化的适应性,减少残留高度,从而提高切削效率和加工质量。     

An adaptive uniform toolpath generation method for the automatic polishing of complex surfaces with adjustable density

During automatic polishing process, path trajectory is an important factor affecting the quality of machining. In this paper, a path generation algorithm based on adaptive Hilbert curves which can cover the curved surface evenly is proposed. The generated path not only makes the coverage density adjustable but also is able to pass through the points on the curved surface in more directions which is helpful to get a finished part without stripes. Using the proposed algorithm, the uniform distributed grid points are obtained in the parameter domain and then these node points with adjustable density can be calculated accordingly. Thus, according to the construction rule of adaptive Hilbert curve, the objective toolpaths are subsequently obtained. After that, by means of a mapping strategy, the path trajectory can be obtained on the physical space. To verify the proposed algorithm, uniform polishing paths with variable density are planned on two typical curved surfaces. The result of the machining experiment shows that the curved mirror-like surface can be achieved, and it also indicates the applicability of the proposed method.     

Modelling of the Polished Profile in Computer-Controlled Polishing by a Sub-Aperture Pad

High-quality part surfaces with high surface finish and form accuracy are increasingly in demand in the mold/die and optics industries. The computer-controlled polishing (CCP) is commonly used as the final procedure to improve the surface quality. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study on the polished profile of CCP with sub-aperture pad. A material removal model is proposed based on the evaluation of the amount of material removed from the surface along a direction orthogonal to the tool path. The model assumes that the material removal rate follows the Peterson equation. The distribution of the sliding velocity at the contact region is presented. On the basis above, the approaches to calculate the polished profiles are developed for the sub-aperture pad polishing along a straight path and a curved path. The model is validated by a series of designed polishing experiments, which reveals that polishing normal force, angular spindle velocity, feed rate and polishing path all have effects on the polished profile. The result of experiments demonstrates the capability of the model-based simulation in predicting the polished profile.     

Magnetic polishing of three dimensional die and mold surfaces

A new magnetic polishing technology applicable to die and mold manufacturing has been studied using the magnetic polishing tool. The key idea is that magnetic force is used to produce the polishing pressure so that polishing of curved surfaces can be possible without exact control of tool path. This makes the polishing automation of dimensional dies and molds very easy. In this study, experiments have been executed using the magnetic polishing tool and mini CNC milling machine without tool path control. Some mirror-like surfaces have been acquired by two stages of polishing: firstly, wheel type magnetic polishing and, secondly, magnetic abrasive polishing.     

Investigations on the automatic precision polishing of curved surfaces using a five-axis machining centre

Polishing is usually indispensable process when better surface roughness is required for the parts such as injection mold. However, polishing process is often performed by manual operations. In this paper, an automatic polishing method for the metal parts with curved surfaces is proposed based on a machining centre. In order to realize the control of contact force, the relationship between the displacement of polishing disk and the force impacted on the polished part is first established. Then, within the contact zone between the polishing disk and the polished part, a pressure distribution model is derived for planar and curved surface polishing according to the specific process parameters. On this basis, the model of removal depth distribution along the vertical direction of feed is built for each polishing pass, and thus a suitable stepover size is further obtained so as to reduce the fluctuations of remove depth to most extent. Finally, an effective planning algorithm of cutter location data in polishing is proposed for a given CNC machine tools, and validation experiments are performed on planar and curved parts. The results show that the proposed automatic polishing scheme is able of achieving a mirror effect surface and keep a good global uniformity, at the same time it improves the polishing efficiency and realizes the integration with milling process.     

NURBS曲面五轴加工刀具路径规划技术研究

提出了基于等照度线的刀具路径规划方法,采用等照度线对曲面进行分区,根据曲面特征采用不同的刀具路径规划方法,兼顾效率的同时尽可能提高加工精度。通过加工实验与传统刀具路径规划方法进行对比,表明本方法在加工效率和加工精度方面都优于传统方法。     

Development and Polishing Process of a Mobile Robot Finishing Large Mold Surface

□ A novel self-determination polishing robot finishing large mold free-form surface is developed, and the finishing process method is researched. Contrary to traditional approaches, our premise is that a large mold surface can be polished by using a small robot. This robot system is mainly composed of a polishing robot part, a computer system and a visual positioning system. A type of robot with four uniform distribution wheels was designed, which has two driving wheels and two driven wheels. Active compliant control of the polishing tool was provided by a pneumatic servo system, and a new special compliant abrasive tool was proposed on the basis of robot characteristics. The process planning steps consisted of subdividing the free-form surface, choosing an abrasive tool, planning the polishing path and optimizing machining parameters. Based on the orthogonal experiment and the grey relational analysis method, the optimal parameter combination was obtained for polishing force, tool speed and feed rate. Aiming to polishing times, the surface roughness method and polishing efficiency method were studied in detail. The polishing experiments were carried out in the robot using process parameters obtained by the efficiency method. These research results provided significant theory foundation and experimental data for a mobile robot planning polishing to realize intelligible process parameter selection.     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of surface generation in swing precess bonnet polishing of complex three-dimensional structured surfaces

Three-dimensional structured surfaces (3D-structured surfaces) possessing specially designed functional textures are widely used in the development of advanced products. This paper presents a novel swing precess bonnet polishing (SPBP) method for generating complex 3D-structured surfaces which is accomplished by the combination of specific polishing tool orientation and tool path. The SPBP method is a sub-aperture finishing process in which the polishing spindle is swung around the normal direction of the target surface within the scope of swing angle while moving around the center of the bonnet. This is quite different from the ‘single precess’ and ‘continuous precessing’ polishing regime, in which the precess angle is constant. The technological merits of the SPBP were realized through a series of polishing experiments. The results show that the generation of complex 3D-structured surfaces is affected by many factors which include point spacing, track spacing, swing speed, swing angle, head speed, tool pressure, tool radius, feed rate, polishing depth, polishing cloth, polishing strategies, polishing slurry, etc. To better understand and determine the surface generation of complex 3D-structured surfaces by the SPBP method, a multi-scale material removal model and hence a surface generation model have been built for characterizing the tool influence function and predicting the 3D-structured surface generation in SPBP based on the study of contact mechanics, kinematics theory, abrasive wear mechanism, and the convolution of the tool influence function and dwell time map along the swing precess polishing tool path. The predicted results agree reasonably well with the experimental results.     

研磨中心上曲面自动磨抛的实验研究

硬质材料曲面工件的磨抛是超精加工中迫切需求的技术。目前自由曲面的磨抛仍采用手工完成,费时且效率低。磨抛需要高效率地去除曲面残留峰改善工件的粗糙度,同时还要保持曲面的形状精度。在类似加工中心(MC)的磨削中心(GC)上,采用参数表达的自动磨抛方式,对自由曲面进行了磨抛加工。结果表明,参数表达的自动磨抛可取用相同的刀具中心轨迹,仅仅去处残留峰的高度,而不改变曲面的形状精度,曲面工件的磨抛效果良好。