纳米复合镀层的研究现状

综述了纳米颗粒在复合镀层中对提高镀层的硬度，耐磨性，耐蚀性，耐高温性能，减摩性能的作用，以及近年来有关纳米颗粒在复合镀层制备过程中的沉积机理及其研究与应用现状。     

纳米颗粒增强型复合镀层的研究现状与展望

纳米/金属基复合镀层在强度、耐蚀、耐磨、抗疲劳、自润滑等方面性能明显优于单一金属、合金及非纳米复合镀层。综述了近年来纳米颗粒增强型复合镀层的研究现状,着重概述了纳米颗粒对提高复合镀层的硬度、耐磨减摩性能、耐高温性能、耐蚀性的作用,并指出了今后的重点研究方向。     

镁合金纳米TiO2/Ni-P化学复合镀层的制备与性能研究

M—P／纳米TiO2颗粒复合镀层可在提高硬度的同时增强镁舍金的耐腐蚀性。本工作以硫酸镍为主盐对镁合金进行了纳米TiO2／Ni—P复合镀，并用金相法、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）、动电位扫描等手段研究了其性能，并优化了施镀条件。结果表明，以硫酸镍为主盐可在镁合金基底上制得致密、厚度均匀、与基体结合良好的纳米TiO2／Ni—P复合镀层；复合镀层的硬度比无纳米合金镀层显著提高，但纳米颗粒加入量超过2g／L后镀层表面硬度几乎不再随加入量变化；复合镀层和合金镀层的耐腐蚀性都比基底镁合金高得多；纳米复合镀可提高镍磷合金镀层在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性，而加入过多的纳米颗粒可以使复合镀层的耐蚀性降低。     

Cu/纳米ZrO_2复合电刷镀层的耐磨与耐蚀性

为了提高纯铜件表面的耐磨、耐蚀性能,又保证其导热性,以紫铜板为基材,采用电刷镀方法制备了Cu/纳米ZrO2复合镀层,对镀层的表面形貌、耐磨性及耐蚀性进行了分析,并与未添加纳米ZrO2制备的普通快速铜镀层进行比较。结果表明:纳米ZrO2颗粒的加入显著改变了快速铜镀层形貌,在镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒含量为30g/L时,复合镀层表面平整度和致密性最佳;硬质纳米ZrO2颗粒的嵌入改变了铜基镀层的黏着磨损,表现为显微切削磨粒磨损;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,纳米ZrO2颗粒的加入,使复合镀层的腐蚀电位显著正移,经10%醋酸溶液浸泡复合镀层的腐蚀速率比普通快速铜镀层小1个数量级,耐蚀性得到了提升。     

纳米TiO_2对硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料表面Ni-P化学镀层形貌及耐蚀性能的影响

目前,对镁基复合材料表面能否得到耐蚀性优良的Ni-P-Ti O2复合镀层研究不多。为了提高镁基复合材料的耐蚀性,在硼酸镁晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料表面制备了Ni-P化学镀层和Ni-P-纳米Ti O2复合化学镀层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镀层表面形貌,用电化学方法研究了镀层的电化学性能,并分析了添加纳米Ti O2对镀层耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:施镀2 h后,Ni-P-Ti O2镀层厚度约为12μm;与Ni-P镀层相比,纳米Ti O2颗粒的加入细化了镀层晶粒,同时造成了镀层疏松,镀液中Ti O2浓度为2 g/L时得到的复合镀层的自腐蚀电位为-0.8 V,耐蚀性降低,但仍对基体有保护作用。     

Mg2B2O5晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料表面Ni-P-SiC化学镀层的耐蚀性与SiC含量的关系

有关Ni-P-SiC复合镀层耐蚀性的研究不多.为此,在Mg2B2O5晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料表面化学镀Ni-P-SiC层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、电化学方法研究了镀液中纳米SiC含量对镀层表面形貌、成分、耐蚀性、结合力的影响.结果表明:纳米SiC颗粒的加入细化了镀层晶粒,造成了镀层疏松,随着镀液中SiC浓度的增加,复合镀层的耐蚀性逐渐降低,但对基体仍有保护作用,SiC浓度为2g/L时耐蚀性较佳,且镀层与基体结合良好.     

Ni-纳米TiO2复合电镀层的制备与性能研究

用电镀的方法制备出Ni-纳米TiO2复合电镀层,讨论了表面活性剂、阴极电流密度、搅拌速率等对复合镀层硬度的影响并分析了纳米TiO2的加入对复合镀层硬度、耐蚀性的影响情况.结果表明,与纯镍镀层相比,Ni-纳米TiO2复合电镀层的硬度可提高90～190 HV;添加阳离子表面活性剂分散纳米TiO2所得复合镀层硬度最高,说明阳离子表面活性剂有利于纳米TiO2-Ni复合电沉积.浸泡试验表明,在硝酸溶液中复合镀层的腐蚀速率高于纯镍镀层的腐蚀速率,但远低于未镀覆钢板的腐蚀速率;极化曲线表明,与纯镍镀层相比,复合镀层的自腐蚀电位没有显著提高.说明在复合镀层中添加纳米TiO2不能改善其耐蚀性.     

超声场中脉冲电沉积Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层的耐蚀性

在超声场中用脉冲电沉积法制备了Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,考察了镀层中CeO2含量及表面形貌,研究了镀层在10wt%HCl溶液中的耐蚀性,分析了超声作用下脉冲参数对镀层耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:脉冲参数和超声波对镀层中CeO2含量和微观组织均有影响,适宜的脉冲参数可以提高镀层中CeO2含量,细化镀层晶粒,而超声波可促使镀层晶粒进一步细化;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的耐蚀性与镀层中CeO2含量、镀层晶粒大小及组织致密程度有关;在占空比0.2、脉冲频率1000Hz时超声作用下制备的镀层中CeO2含量较高,镀层晶粒细小、组织致密,腐蚀速率最低,表现出优良的耐蚀性.     

喷射电沉积Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层的组织及性能

利用喷射电沉积工艺制备了Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层,分析了纳米Al2O3颗粒添加量、阴极电流密度以及电解液喷射速度对复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)以及X-射线衍射仪对复合镀层的微观形貌进行了分析,研究了复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量对其显微硬度、结合强度、耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明,镍沉积层具有纳米晶微观结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为50nm;纳米Al2O3颗粒在沉积层中的含量可达12.2at%;随Al2O3含量的提高,镀层显微硬度逐渐提高,结合强度和耐腐蚀性先提高后有所降低。     

10T平行强磁场下Ni-纳米Al2O3复合共沉积的研究

将Ni-纳米Al2O3复合电镀过程移置于10T平行强磁场（B∥J）中，探讨了有无平行强磁场条件下电流密度对镀层形貌及镀层中纳米颗粒含量的影响规律。结果表明，在10T平行强磁场下，氧化铝颗粒在复合镀层中呈网格状分布，并且网格的尺寸随着电流密度的增加而增加；电流密度显著影响镀层中纳米氧化铝的含量，不论是否施加磁场，当电流密度为2A·dm^-2时镀层中颗粒含量最高。施加强磁场时，可使镀层在低电流密度下获得较高的纳米颗粒含量。     

Effects of ceria nanoparticle concentrations on the morphology and corrosion resistance of cerium–silane hybrid coatings on electro-galvanized steel substrates

This work investigates the effect of the ceria nanoparticle concentration on the morphology and electrochemical behavior of cerium–silane hybrid coatings deposited on electro-galvanized steel substrates. The substrates were pre-treated with 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane and bisphenol A, modified with cerium ion-activated CeO₂ nanoparticles. The morphology of the coating before and after corrosion tests was examined using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate the formation of nanostructured surfaces with relatively uniform thicknesses and nanoparticle distribution. Microscopic observations explain the increased durability of the silane coating doped with the lowest content of activated ceria nanoparticles after short-term corrosion tests (456 h). The corrosion behavior of the sol–gel coatings was also investigated using natural salt spray tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results show that the concentration of nanoparticles has a significant impact on the barrier properties of the silane films, which are improved for films with lower nanoparticle contents.     

Al2O3纳米粒子增强锌铝基耐蚀涂层的制备及性能研究

为解决锌铝基耐蚀涂层在高速、强摩擦等特殊服役条件下的使用问题,将Al2O3纳米粒子添加到锌铝基耐蚀涂层中进行改性,以提高涂层的硬度和耐蚀性.研究了Al2O3纳米粒子及其添加量对涂层硬度、摩擦系数、附着强度、耐冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响,并对涂层的微观组织和成分进行了分析.结果表明,添加Al2O3纳米粒子可显著提高锌铝基耐蚀涂层的硬度和耐蚀性能,降低摩擦系数,且对涂层的附着强度和耐冲击性能无负面影响.Al2O3纳米粒子在涂层中的均匀分散是获得涂层优异综合性能的必要条件.     

Studies on nanocrystalline zinc coating

Nano zinc coatings were deposited on mild steel by electrodeposition. The effect of additive on the morphology of crystal size on zinc deposit surface and corrosion properties were investigated. Corrosion tests were performed for dull zinc deposits and bright zinc deposits in aqueous NaCl solution (3·5 wt.%) using electrochemical measurements. The results showed that addition of additive in the deposition process of zinc significantly increased the corrosion resistance. The surface morphology of the zinc deposits was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preferred orientation and average size of the zinc electrodeposited particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. The particles size was also characterized by TEM analysis.     

耐蚀锌基镀层的研究进展

添加了惰性元素的锌基合金镀层的耐蚀性比纯锌镀层更高,是钢铁材料常用的耐蚀表面保护层.评述了锌基合金镀层、组分调制锌基多层镀层的性能特点及研究现状,并比较了各类镀层的耐蚀性及实用性.     

Galvanisches Verzinken von Magnesiumlegierungen

Zinc‐Plating of Magnesium Alloys Magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion that limits their application when exposure to corrosive service conditions is needed. One of the ways to prevent corrosion is to coat the magnesium‐based substrate to avoid a contact with an aggressive environment. Results concerning corrosion behaviour of wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy with electrolytic zinc coatings deposited from different electrolyte solutions are described. Evaluation of corrosion processes in chlorides containing solutions was performed by electrochemical measurements. It was found that thick and dense electrolytic zinc coatings formed on AZ31 significantly improve the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy after one hour immersion of zinc coated magnesium alloys in corrosive media. Further increase of immersion time leads to relatively fast decrease of corrosion properties. Electrolytic zinc coatings obtained in consecutive alkaline / acidic process demonstrate an improvement of corrosion resistance of coated AZ31. The time to coating degradation strongly increases.     

锌粉特性对机械镀锌层性能的影响

通过OLYMPUS-GX51型光学显微镜进行机械镀层金相组织检测和厚度测量、划线和划格试验及按GB/T 3091-2001 要求的硫酸铜溶液腐蚀试验,研究了锌粉粒度及形状对机械镀锌层性能的影响.试验表明:在相同机械镀锌工艺规范下,320目颗粒状锌粉镀层颗粒粗大且不均匀,厚度范围33～55 mm,500目颗粒状锌粉镀层不及500目片状锌粉镀层致密,厚度范围45～58 mm,500目片状锌粉镀层最致密颗粒分布也最均匀,厚度范围33～41 mm; 320目颗粒状锌粉、500目颗粒状锌粉、500目片状锌粉机械镀锌层与钢铁基体之间附着强度均达到有关国家标准;均匀性均达到GB/T 3091-2001要求;锌粉粒度越小对应其镀层耐蚀性及均匀性也越好;在相同粒度尺寸下(500目锌粉),片状锌粉比粒状锌粉的镀层具有更好的耐腐性.     

羟乙基纤维素增稠剂对达克罗涂层耐蚀性的影响

为了探讨羟乙基纤维素增稠剂添加量对达克罗涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响规律及机理,分别采用快速腐蚀试验和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术对不同增稠剂添加量涂层的耐蚀性和腐蚀过程进行了研究.结果表明:随着增稠剂添加量的增加,达克罗涂层中铝锌粉分布密度提高;涂层表面铝锌粉与腐蚀介质容易反应生成腐蚀产物覆盖涂层表面,从而阻止了腐蚀的进一步进...     

SiO2或TiO2纳米粒子/含氟聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层的制备及其防腐蚀性能

通过在含氟聚丙烯酸酯(PFHI)溶液中添加固体纳米粒子,经涂覆热固化后得到了厚度约为1 μm的SiO₂或TiO₂纳米粒子/PFHI复合涂层,考察了SiO₂或TiO₂两种纳米粒子质量分数对复合涂层表面性质和防腐蚀性能的影响。利用Tafel极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)测试研究了复合涂层在3.5wt% NaCl溶液中的电化学防腐蚀性能,并运用XPS、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、TG-DTA、SEM、光学接触角(OCA)手段对复合涂层进行表征。结果表明,添加SiO₂或TiO₂纳米粒子均可大幅提高PFHI涂层的电化学防腐蚀性能,SiO₂与PFHI质量比为0.3的SiO₂/PFHI复合涂层电荷转移阻抗值R_ct与PFHI涂层相比上升了2个数量级。SiO₂或TiO₂纳米粒子增大了涂层表面粗糙度,与PFHI紧密结合形成致密的复合涂层,提高了涂层的疏水性和致密性,从而改善了涂层的抗腐蚀性能。      

Morphological and electrochemical characterization of electrodeposited Zn–Ag nanoparticle composite coatings

Silver nanoparticles with an average size of 23 nm were chemically synthesized and used to fabricate Zn–Ag composite coatings. The Zn–Ag composite coatings were generated by electrodeposition method using a simple sulfate plating bath dispersed with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l of Ag nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and texture co-efficient calculations revealed that Ag nanoparticles appreciably influenced the morphology, micro-structure and texture of the deposit. It was also noticed that agglomerates of Ag nanoparticles, in the case of high bath load conditions, produced defects and dislocations on the deposit surface. Ag nanoparticles altered the corrosion resistance property of Zn–Ag composite coatings as observed from Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance analysis and an immersion test. Reduction in corrosion rate with increased charge transfer resistance was observed for Zn–Ag composite coatings when compared to a pure Zn coating. However, the particle concentration in the plating bath and their agglomeration state directly influenced the surface morphology and the subsequent corrosion behavior of the deposits.     

LY12铝合金铈化学转化膜的结构及耐蚀性研究

应用电化学方法及腐蚀试验研究了LY12铝合金表面常温稀土化学转化膜。结果表明，铝合金的稀土化学转化膜具有成膜温度低、速度较快、膜的耐蚀性能好等优点。电位－时间曲线表面，成膜动力学包括铝合金的溶解及随后的成膜两个过程。SEM表明，铝合金稀土化学转化膜的形态为片状，EDAX能谱表明转化膜主要由Ce,O,Al及少量的促进剂离子组成。腐蚀试验表明，未经处理的铝合金在3．5%NaCl溶液中经过21天浸泡后，表面出现了严重的点蚀，而经稀土处理的铝合金经过相同时间的浸泡后，表面只发生了轻微的均匀腐蚀，而未发生点蚀，浸泡后稀土处理的铝合金的失重较空白试样的下降了近1倍，铝合金的耐蚀性能大大提高。