3Cr2W8V代用钢的Si,Mn含量与作用

通过比较类似钢种的成分，组织特征，分析论证了在３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ代用钢（４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２Ｖ型）中加入适量的Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ可提高钢的性能，探讨了Ｓｉ，Ｍｎ在二次硬化热作工具钢中的复合强化机制。     

25W3Mo4Cr2V7Co5钢过饱和渗碳的碳化物及性能

研制的２５Ｗ３Ｍｏ４Ｃｒ２ＶＣｏ５高韧高硬高速钢的共晶碳化物尺寸平均为２－４μｍ，最大约为８μｍ；经最佳规范过饱和渗碳后碳化物尺寸平均为４－６μｍ，最大亦仅为１０μｍ。热处理后的硬度可达ＨＲＣ６７－７０，用该钢制造的车刀，其耐用度显著高于Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ钢。     

W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢激光回火的研究

用正交试验优选出ＷＭｏ３Ｃｏ３Ｃｒ４Ｖ高速钢最佳激光回火工艺参数。研究表明，高速钢的激光淬火硬度和二次硬化峤同于常规淬火者，是激光回火的二次硬化值可以达到常规回火的二次硬化值。     

无莱氏体高速钢2W－3Mo－4Cr－6V

在本文作者研制的有别于基体钢，低碳高速钢和普通渗碳高速钢的新型无莱氏体高速钢的基础上，又成功地研制成一种高Ｖ无莱氏体高速钢２Ｗ－３Ｍｏ－４Ｃｒ－６Ｖ。该钢经热处理后硬度高于７０ＨＲＣ，６００℃红硬性为６７．５ＨＲＣ。用其制成Ｍ３３挤压丝锥的使用寿命较１８Ｗ－４Ｃｒ－Ｖ丝锥高２倍。     

模具钢Cr7Mo3V2Si渗扩氮等温淬火复合强韧化

研究了渗扩氮等温淬火对Ｃｒ７Ｍｏ３Ｖ２Ｓｉ钢硬度，组织，韧性和含氮硬化层扫描断和口形态的影响。结果表明，Ｃｒ７Ｍｏ３Ｖ２Ｓｉ钢制冷作模具复合强韧化处理后的使用寿命提高１倍，且破坏形式得改善。     

新型热精锻模具钢3Cr4Mo2NiVNb的研制

新开发的新型热精锻模具钢３Ｃｒ４Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ热强性明显高于Ｈ１３，在应用过程中，模具寿命较３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢高０．５￣２倍。     

新型热作模具钢（JM）的研究与应用

５Ｃｒ４Ｗ４ＭｏＶＮｂ钢（ＪＭ）是一种新型加钒、铌的Ｃｒ－Ｗ－Ｍｏ热作模具钢。应用结果表明，该钢具有良好的锻造性能和机械加工性能，用该钢制作的精锻齿模和扳手模的使用寿命比３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢提高１倍以上。     

合金元素影响高速钢中MC碳化物析出温度的热力学计算

高速钢中初生ＭＣ碳化物从液相中的析出温度是决定初生ＭＣ碳化物尺寸的主要因素。本文采用冶金热力学估算了合金元素Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｗ、Ｍｏ等对初生ＭＣ碳化物析出温度的影响，提出了相应的计算机程序。结果表明，Ｓｉ和Ａｌ提高通用高速钢中ＭＣ碳化物的析出温度，而Ｗ、Ｍｏ等对ＭＣ碳化物析出温度影响不大。理论估算和实验结果相吻合。     

电感耦合高频等离子体法在相分析中的应用

应用电感耦合高频等体光源对Ｗ９Ｍｏ３Ｃｒ４Ｖ高速钢及ＯＯ（ｒ２８Ａｌ２Ｚｒ合金、ＧＨ２１７合金中相组成元素进行光谱分析，同时对酸给予试样的影响及仪器的工作条件等进行了选择。相对标准偏差（％）Ｗ８．２８Ｍｏ１０．０，Ｃｒ８．４２，Ｆｅ１０．１。     

含稀土和过渡元素Keggin结构混配型杂多酸盐的热解性质研究

本文研究了通式为Ｋ１０Ｈ３〔Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ９Ｗ２Ｏ３９）２〕·ｘＨ２Ｏ（简记为Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ９Ｗ２）２，Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｄｙ、Ｔｂ、Ｙｂ，以下相同），Ｋ１０Ｈ３〔Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ６Ｗ５Ｏ３９）２〕·ｘＨ２Ｏ（简记为Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ６Ｗ５）２）、Ｋ１０Ｈ３〔Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ２Ｗ９Ｏ３９）２〕·ｘＨ２Ｏ（简记为Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ２Ｗ９）２）和Ｍｍ＋Ｈ４－ｍＳｉＭｏ１０Ｗ２Ｏ４０·ｘＨ２Ｏ（简记为ＭＳｉＭｏ１０Ｗ２，Ｍ＝Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ）４个系列３８种化合物的热解性质，确定它们的分解温度分别为：Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ９Ｗ２）２，２５０～３００℃；Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ６Ｗ５）２，３００～３５０℃；Ｌｎ（ＳｉＭｏ２Ｗ９）２，３５０～４００℃；ＭＳｉＭｏ１０Ｗ２，３８０～４２０℃，详细研究了稀土和过渡元素取代钼对化合物热解性质的影响。     

热处理工艺对新型Cr8Mo2VSi和D2冷作模 具钢扁钢组织和力学性能的影响

 研究了热处理工艺对高碳、高铬冷作模具钢Cr8Mo2VSi和D2钢的组织和性能的影响,结果表明：Cr8Mo2VSi比D2钢的碳化物更细小、均匀;1020～1040 ℃淬火,Cr8Mo2VSi的硬度略低于D2,经高温回火后,Cr8Mo2VSi钢表现出更好的二次硬化效应,其硬度高于D2钢1~2（HRC）,并且比D2钢具有更好的强、韧性配合。     

Niobium-Alloyed high speed steel by powder metallurgy

A philosophy for the use of strong carbide formers like niobium in high speed steels is described. It follows the concept of independently optimizing the compositions of the matrix (for maximum secondary hardening potential) and the volume fraction of the blocky carbides (for protection against abrasive wear). Normally, the two are interdependent through the action of the solidification equilibria, but separate control becomes possible when the blocky carbides are formed by a strong carbide former such as niobium. During normal ingot solidification, such strong carbide formers would produce very large primary carbides. This can be avoided by atomization and powder metallurgical processing. In this way, a steel has been produced whose matrix composition is similar to that of AISI M2, and whose primary carbides are all of NbC type. Its composition is 1.3C, 2W, 3Mo, 1.6V, 3.2Nb (wt pct). Because of its high stability, NbC is a much more effective obstacle to grain growth than the normal high speed steel carbides, and this allows substantially higher austenitization temperatures to be used. Despite its leaner composition, the Nb-alloyed steel matches the cutting performance of AISI M2, and its secondary hardening seems to be more persistent at high temperatures.     

高 速 钢 中 的 碳 化 物 缺 陷

 大量碳化物的存在是高速钢组织的重要特征,也是影响高速钢质量和性能的关键因素。碳化物颗粒细小、形状规则和分布均匀的钢其质量和性能都好。但是,钢中的碳化物并不都这样理想,往往存在缺陷。根据对W18Cr4V、W6Mo5Cr4V2、W9Mo3Cr4V和W2Mo9Cr4VCo8等钢中碳化物的研究结果,分析了高速钢中常见的几种缺陷：①碳化物分布不均匀;②颗粒尺寸粗大,形状不规则,多为角状等;③碳化物微裂纹;④碳化物粘连等;⑤二次碳化物稀少。另外,还分析了以上碳化物缺陷产生的原因和危害性,并指出了减少缺陷应采取的措施。     

Secondary hardening and fracture behavior in alloy steels containing Mo, W, and Cr

In 4Mo, 6W, 2Mo3W, 2Mo2Cr, and 3W2Cr alloy steels, which cointain alloying elements, such as Mo, W and Cr, contributing to the secondary hardening by forming M₂C type carbide, the secondary hardening and fracture behavior were studied. Molybdenum had a strong effect on secondary hardening, while W had a very weak effect on it but delayed the overaging. The MoW steel exhibited both moderately strong hardening and considerable resistance to overaging. On the other hand, the secondary hardening effect was diminished by the Cr addition, because the cementite of M₃C type was stabilized at higher temperatures and the formation of M₂C carbides was thus inhibited. Although the Cr addition had no merit in the secondary hardening itself, it eliminated the secondary hardening embrittlement (SHE). This was observed as a severe intergranular embrittlement due to the impurity segregation for the Mo and MoW steels and as a decrease in upper shelf energy for W steel, even in the overaged condition.     

Secondary hardening and fracture behavior in alloy steels containing Mo, W, and Cr

In 4Mo, 6W, 2Mo3W, 2Mo2Cr, and 3W2Cr alloy steels, which contain alloying elements, such as Mo, W and Cr, contributing to the secondary hardening by forming M₂C-type carbide, the secondary hardening and fracture behavior were studied. Molybdenum had a strong effect on secondary hardening, while W had a very weak effect on it but delayed the overaging. The MoW steel exhibited both moderately strong hardening and considerable resistance to overaging. On the other hand, the secondary hardening effect was diminished by the Cr addition, because the cementite of M₃C type was stabilized at higher temperatures and the formation of M₂C carbides was thus inhibited. Although the Cr addition had no merit in the secondary hardening itself, it eliminated the secondary hardening embrittlement (SHE). This was observed as a severe intergranular embrittlement due to the impurity segregation for the Mo and MoW steels and as a decrease in upper shelf energy for W steel, even in the overaged condition.     

Carbides in high-speed steels containing silicon

The effects of silicon additions up to 3.5 wt pct on the as-cast carbides, as-quenched carbides, and as-tempered carbides of high-speed steels W3Mo2Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, and W9Mo3Cr4V were investigated. In order to further understand these effects, a Fe-16Mo-0.9C alloy was also studied. The results show that a critical content of silicon exists for the effects of silicon on the types and amount of eutectic carbides in the high-speed steels, which is about 3, 2, and 1 wt pct for W3Mo2Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, and W9Mo3Cr4V, respectively. When the silicon content exceeds the critical value, the M₂C eutectic carbide almost disappears in the tested high-speed steels. Silicon additions were found to raise the precipitate temperature of primary MC carbide in the melt of high-speed steels that contained d-ferrite, and hence increased the size of primary MC carbide. The precipitate temperature of primary MC carbide in the high-speed steels without d-ferrite, however, was almost not affected by the addition of silicon. It is found that silicon additions increase the amount of undis-solved M₆C carbide very obviously. The higher the tungsten content in the high-speed steels, the more apparent is the effect of silicon additions on the undissolved M₆C carbides. The amount of MC and M₂C temper precipitates is decreased in the W6Mo5Cr4V and W9Mo3Cr4V steels by the addition of silicon, but in the W3Mo2Cr4V steel, it rises to about 2.3 wt pct.     

Characterization of Electroslag Remelted Super Hard High Speed Tool Steel Containing Niobium

In this work, thermodynamical equilibria have been calculated for super hard high speed tool steel (HSS), AISI M41 composition belonging to the multicomponent system Fe–C–Cr–W–Mo–V–Co as well as for its three different variant containing niobium. Some temperature‐concentration diagram for both class of alloys are presented and calculated quantities (melting and transformations, amount and composition of phases) are compared with experimental data. Effect of niobium and high cooling rate during electroslag remelting on the precipitated carbides were discussed. In this work, the effect of niobium on morphology of carbides secondary hardening temperature and wear rate of investigated HSSs were studied. This work aims to study the effect of niobium as alloying element on precipitated carbides type and shape, in addition to study the effect of precipitated carbides after full heat treatment on secondary hardening and wear resistance for investigated steels.     

Effects of alloying additions and austenitizing treatments on secondary hardening and fracture behavior for martensitic steels containing both Mo and W

The effects of alloying additions and austenitizing treatments on secondary hardening and fracture behavior of martensitic steels containing both Mo and W were investigated. The secondary hardening response and properties of these steels are dependent on the composition and distribution of the carbides formed during aging (tempering) of the martensite, as modified by alloying additions and austenitizing treatments. The precipitates responsible for secondary hardening are M₂C carbides formed during the dissolution of the cementite (M₃C). The Mo-W steel showed moderately strong secondary hardening and delayed overaging due to the combined effects of Mo and W. The addition of Cr removed secondary hardening by the stabilization of cementite, which inhibited the formation of M₂C carbides. The elements Co and Ni, particularly in combination, strongly increased secondary hardening. Additions of Ni promoted the dissolution of cementite and provided carbon for the formation of M₂C carbide, while Co increased the nucleation rate of M₂C carbide. Fracture behavior is interpreted in terms of the presence of impurities and coarse cementite at the grain boundaries and the variation in matrix strength associated with the formation of M₂C carbides. For the Mo-W-Cr-Co-Ni steel, the double-austenitizing at the relatively low temperatures of 899 to 816 °C accelerated the aging kinetics because the ratio of Cr/(Mo + W) increased in the matrix due to the presence of undissolved carbides containing considerably larger concentrations of (Mo + W). The undissolved carbides reduced the impact toughness for aging temperatures up to 510 °C, prior to the large decrease in hardness that occurred on aging at higher temperatures.     

W9Mo3Cr4V钢高温形变再结晶规律

本文在改造高频损耗电力变压器方面提出了利用原变压器的部分或大部分器件，通过理论计算，重新确定变压器的容量及匝数。改造后的样机试验表明，理论推导及采取的方法是可，有一定应用价值。