基于熵理论和BP神经网络的船舶柴油机磨损故障识别

磨损监测与故障诊断是保证船舶柴油机安全可靠运行的重要技术手段。随着船舶柴油机运行可靠性的要求增高,其磨损监测需要更加全面,数据呈高维化,无关数据和冗余数据增多,使故障诊断的复杂程度增大,且近年来,船舶柴油机故障诊断的智能化需求日益增高。针对以上问题和需求,基于信息熵理论,应用信息熵值与度量熵组合设计柴油机磨损监测与故障诊断特征属性约简算法,将某型柴油机润滑磨损故障诊断特征指标维度从16维降低至7维;应用设计的BP神经网络和磨损故障模式识别规则,以该型柴油机44个磨损故障诊断数据样本为对象,进行应用验证与研究分析。结果表明,构建的模型在保证数据集分类特性的基础上,有效实现其数据降维,且所构建的磨损故障识别BP神经网络在属性约简后,故障识别的准确性有明显提高。     

基于Wigner分布和分形维数的柴油机故障诊断

针对柴油机配气机构故障诊断问题,提出了一种基于Wigner分布和差分分形盒维数的故障诊断方法。首先,利用改进局部均值分解算法对柴油机缸盖振动信号进行分解,并采用相关性分析剔除噪声和伪分量;然后,分别对各相关分量进行Wigner时频分析,将结果线性叠加得到振动时频图,再提取图像的差分分形盒维数作为故障特征;最后,利用k-最近邻(k-NN)实现故障诊断。仿真结果表明,改进局部均值分解算法可以抑制Wigner分布交叉项的干扰。实验结果显示,差分分形盒维数优于其他6种典型故障特征,利用本研究提出的方法对配气机构进行故障诊断的正确率为97.2%,该方法可以用于柴油机配气机构故障诊断。     

Fault Feature Extraction of Diesel Engine Based on Bispectrum Image Fractal Dimension

Fault feature extraction has a positive effect on accurate diagnosis of diesel engine. Currently, studies of fault feature extraction have focused on the time domain or the frequency domain of signals. However, early fault signals are mostly weak energy signals, and time domain or frequency domain features will be overwhelmed by strong back?ground noise. In order consistent features to be extracted that accurately represent the state of the engine, bispectrum estimation is used to analyze the nonlinearity, non?Gaussianity and quadratic phase coupling(QPC) information of the engine vibration signals under different conditions. Digital image processing and fractal theory is used to extract the fractal features of the bispectrum pictures. The outcomes demonstrate that the diesel engine vibration signal bispectrum under different working conditions shows an obvious differences and the most complicated bispectrum is in the normal state. The fractal dimension of various invalid signs is novel and diverse fractal parameters were utilized to separate and characterize them. The value of the fractal dimension is consistent with the non?Gaussian intensity of the signal, so it can be used as an eigenvalue of fault diagnosis, and also be used as a non?Gaussian signal strength indicator. Consequently, a symptomatic approach in view of the hypothetical outcome is inferred and checked by the examination of vibration signals from the diesel motor. The proposed research provides the basis for on?line monitoring and diagnosis of valve train faults.     

分形维数在内燃机振动诊断中的应用

将分形理论引入内燃机的振动诊断中,根据内燃机的配气定时,着重研究了缸盖振动信号中对应燃烧段的数据,计算其关联维数,将关联维数用于刻划内燃机缸盖在气门不同状态时表现的非线性行为,从而进行故障诊断与分类。结果表明,当气门在不同状态时,缺盖振动信号中对应燃烧段数据的关联维数是不同的,可以将其作为判断气门漏气的一个诊断特征量。     

基于分形理论的斯太尔汽车发动机故障诊断的研究

研究了斯太尔汽车发动机气缸在不同状态下的关联维数，给出了获得反映其真实状态的关联维数方法。研究结果表明：该发动机气缸振动的时间序列在不同状态下关联维数不同，可以将其关联维数作为识别其状态的特征量，给出了利用分形理论判断斯太尔汽车发动机气缸状态的判椐。     

基于多尺度核独立成分分析的柴油机故障诊断

为提高利用缸盖振动信号进行柴油机故障诊断的精度和速度,提出了一种基于多尺度核独立成分分析提取故障敏感频带的柴油机故障诊断方法。首先,提出奇异值能量标准谱对缸盖振动信号中的微弱冲击特征进行增强;然后,对信号进行固有时间尺度分解,并基于相关性准则选择有效频带分量;最后,利用核独立成分分析消除有效频带之间的频带混叠,得到故障敏感信息集中的独立频带,并计算其自回归模型(auto regression model,简称AR)参数、模糊熵和标准化能量矩作为特征向量输入核极限学习机(kernel extreme learning machine,简称KELM)进行柴油机故障诊断。试验分析结果表明,该方法可以快速准确地提取缸盖振动信号中的柴油机故障敏感频带,增强故障敏感特征,故障诊断准确率达到99.65%。     

转子碰摩严重程度量化检测方法研究

基于分形理论、熵理论及小波变换方法,提出用关联维数和小波能量谱熵对转子系统不同碰摩程度进行量化检测的方法。首先,利用转子碰摩模型仿真了不同碰摩程度下的振动信号,并计算了信号的关联维数和小波能量谱熵,研究了关联维数和小波能量谱熵随转子不同碰摩程度的变化规律,发现这两种特征量与转子碰摩程度之间存在良好的相关性,表明其可以作为转子碰摩程度量化检测的重要特征量。最后,利用ZT-3多功能转子实验器,模拟了不同碰摩状态的振动信号,对该方法进行实验验证。结果表明:关联维数和小波能量谱熵对转子碰摩严重程度量化检测的有效性。     

基于小波包和分形盒维数的滚动轴承故障诊断

为诊断滚动轴承不同部件产生的故障,针对轴承故障信号具有非线性、非平稳振动的特点,运用小波包和分形理论,定量计算了滚动轴承不同部件故障信号及小波包重构信号的盒维数。实验结果表明,滚动轴承不同的故障类型具有不同的盒维数。正常滚动轴承盒维数最大,依次为滚珠故障盒维数、内环故障盒维数,外环故障盒维数最小。分形盒维数能定量地识别滚动轴承不同部件的故障,提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确率,为滚动轴承智能故障诊断提供可靠依据。     

基于小波降噪与分形理论的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了识别滚动轴承振动信号中包含的故障类型,运用小波对采集到的信号进行降噪,通过计算降噪后振动信号的关联维数,判断信号中是否包含故障。并以关联维数为特征量,通过计算各工况之间的距离函数,判断属于何种故障的信号。结果表明,运用分形理论进行故障诊断具有很强的实用价值。     

基于分形和小波包理论的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了提高滚动轴承故障分形诊断的准确性,利用仿真信号对不同数据长度和不同信噪比下信号的盒维数和关联维数的差异进行对比,发现两种分形维对不同信号具有不同适应性;利用基于小波包分解能量图的特征信号强化技术,突出含噪轴承振动信号的故障信息特征,并对消噪前后振动信号盒维数进行计算和对比。分析结果表明,分形盒维数比关联维数更适用于分析含噪较重的信号;滚动轴承故障振动信号盒维数小于正常信号盒维数;相比原始信号,经小波包提取后不同类型故障振动信号的盒维数区分更为明显,诊断结果更加准确直观。     

遗传神经网络在轴系故障诊断中的应用

为解决BP神经网络收敛速度慢以及容易陷入局部最优解的问题,将遗传算法与BP神经网络相结合应用于轴系故障诊断中。首先设计了船舶柴油机轴系模拟实验平台,然后利用小波包分解技术分析了轴系故障时的振动信号,并将其能谱熵作为故障模式的特征向量,最后对轴系的4种运行状态进行了故障识别与分析。仿真结果表明,GA-BP算法预测精度要高于传统的BP算法,适用于轴系的状态监测和故障诊断。     

A New Intelligent Fusion Method of Multi-Dimensional Sensors and Its Application to Tribo-System Fault Diagnosis of Marine Diesel Engines

Marine diesel engines, a critical component to provide power for entire ships, have been received and still need considerable attentions to ensure their safety operation. Vibration and wear debris analysis are currently the most popular techniques for diesel engine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. However, they are usually used independently in practice, and limited work has been done to address the integration of data collected using the two techniques. To enhance early fault detections, a new fault diagnosis technique for the marine diesel engine has been proposed by the information fusion of the vibration and wear particle analyses in this paper. A new independent component analysis with reference algorithm (ICA-R) using the empirical mode decomposition based reference extraction scheme was adopted to identify the characteristic source signals of the engine vibration collected from multi-channel sensors. The advantage of this approach performed at a data fusion level is that the ICA-R can extract only the relevant source directly related to the engine fault features in one separation cycle via incorporating prior knowledge. The statistical values of the recovered source signals were then calculated. The above vibration features, along with the wear particle characteristics, were used as the feature vectors for the engine fault detection. Lastly, the improved simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) was applied to integrate the distinctive features extracted from the two techniques at a decision level to detect faults in a supervised learning manner. Particularly, the immune particle swarm optimization was used to tune the vigilance parameter of the SFAM to improve the identification performance. The experimental tests were implemented on a diesel engine set-up to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnosis approach. The diagnosis results have shown that distinguished fault features can be extracted and the fault identification accuracy is satisfactory. Moreover, the fault detection rate of the integration approach has been enhanced by 16.0?% or better when compared with using the two techniques separately.     

小波-分形-多 ART2神经网络在汽车发动机故障识别中的应用

利用小波(包)变换和分形理论对汽车发动机的非平稳振动信号进行特征提取,由自组织主成分分析作特征降维,然后用一种新的多ART2神经网络对发动机故障状态进行分类识别,获得了满意的效果。     

基于小波包和极限学习机的汽车发动机失火故障识别

针对缸盖振动信号的非平稳特性,提出了基于小波包相关系数和极限学习机的汽车发动机失火故障诊断系统.首先,对原始信号进行小波包分解,然后计算得到每个样本的能量熵和每个样本各子频带重构信号与原始信号的相关性系数.分别利用相关系数法和能量熵融合峭度的方法建立特征向量,随后输入到BP神经网络和极限学习机中进行训练和测试.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地反映故障产生的差异并准确地识别单缸失火故障,具有精度高、训练时间短的优点.     

基于LabVIEW的柴油机故障诊断虚拟仪器开发

开发了一套基于分形理论,使用柴油机声音信号进行故障诊断的虚拟仪器.介绍了其硬件平台的搭建,结合LabVIEW与MATLAB混合编程阐述了软件平台的设计,该平台由声音信号采集、信号预处理、故障特征提取、故障诊断4个模块构成.在故障特征提取模块中对分形关联维数的G-P算法进行了论述.结合柴油机故障实例测试表明:柴油机声音信号关联维数随工作状况改变有明显变化,能作为故障诊断的特征量,通过该虚拟仪器能迅速有效地识别出故障.     

基于小波包分解的机械振动信号分析

提出了一种新的基于小波包的振动信号故障特征提取方法,运用这种方法对柴油机表面振动信号经过小波包降噪处理,有效地剔除柴油机表面振动信号的噪声干扰,提高信号的信噪比。对降噪信号提取频带能量特征,为神经网络故障诊断提供了新的故障样本。     

基于小波分析与神经网络的柴油机气阀间隙识别

通过对柴油机气阀间隙的调整,实时监测缸盖的振动信号,运用小波分析法对振动信号进行分析,提取柴油机气阀间隙异常的多个特征参数,并采用BP神经网络对气阀间隙进行识别,以此提高诊断故障的针对性和准确性。     

基于量子遗传算法的轴向柱塞泵故障特征选择

为了进一步减少特征维数、缩短运算时间、提高分类正确率等,提出了一种基于量子遗传算法的轴向柱塞泵故障特征选择方法,该方法采用量子位进行染色体编码,利用量子门更新种群。首先,对轴向柱塞泵振动信号进行小波包变换,提取出原始信号和各个小波包系数的统计特征;然后,利用量子遗传算法从原始特征集中选择出最优特征集;最后,以神经网络为分类器(其输入为最优特征集),对故障进行诊断与识别。利用该方法对轴向柱塞泵正常、缸体与配流盘磨损和柱塞滑履松动三种状态的特征集进行选择,试验结果表明,与普通遗传算法相比,量子遗传算法可以更有效地减少特征维数,提高分类正确率。     

Rough set based rule learning and fuzzy classification of wavelet features for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump

The fault diagnosis problem is conceived as a classification problem. In the present study, vibration signals are used for fault diagnosis of centrifugal pumps using wavelet analysis. Rough set theory is applied to generate the rules from the vibration signals. Based on the strength of the rules the faults are identified. The different faults considered for this study are: pump at good condition, cavitation, pump with faulty impeller, pump with faulty bearing and pump with both faulty bearing and impeller. However, the classification accuracy is based on the strength and number of rules generated using rough set theory. Wavelet features are computed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) from the vibration signals and rules are generated using rough sets and classified using fuzzy logic. The results are presented in the form of confusion matrix which shows the classification capability of wavelet features with rough set and fuzzy logic for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump.     

基于曲轴回转振动信号的多缸内燃机诊断研究

对机车柴油机的实测结果表明它与缸数少的内燃机有很大差别,本文针对多缸内燃机的特点提出了故障特征矢量的提取方法和基于子空间法模式识别的回转振动信号故障诊断方法。