井下水过滤阶段滤料制备实验研究

本文根据过滤阶段的特性和煤矿井下的性质,对石英滤料、天然沸石滤料以及改性沸石滤料进行过滤试验研究,在填料高度均为300mm、滤速均为10m/h的条件下进行试验研究,三者对要处理水色度的去除效果相当,对CODMn及硬度的去除率依次增大;焙烧后的沸石对CODMn及硬度的处理效果最好,去除率可分别达到72.42%和9.75%,两者均满足饮用水要求。     

《含藻水给水处理设计规范》(CJJ 32—2011)主要内容解析

含藻水给水处理属于特殊水质处理的范畴,根据国内外含藻水处理的研究及实践经验对原《含藻水给水处理设计规范》(CJJ 32—98)进行了全面修订,介绍了修订版规范《含藻水给水处理设计规范》(CJJ 32—2011)的主要技术内容和编制依据。指出含藻水给水处理应根据水源含藻量及变化规律选择合适的处理工艺及参数。     

微絮凝/涤纶高弹丝纤维球过滤工艺除藻试验研究

以自主研制的涤纶高弹丝纤维球为滤料,采用微絮凝/纤维球过滤工艺处理含藻水.结果表明,微絮凝/纤维球过滤工艺的除藻效果较好,对于藻类总数为(6.8×106)～(8×106)个/L的高藻水,在PAC投加量为15mg/L、滤速为15m/h的条件下,出水的藻类总数可保持在1×106个/L以下,除藻率最高可达90%以上,水头损失<15.7kPa,工作周期为9 h.     

水库水中微囊藻毒素的预氧化处理

研究了二氧化氯和臭氧预氧化对水库中微囊藻毒素的处理效果。结果表明，二氧化氯对藻毒素的去除能力有限，而臭氧能有除去除含藻水中的藻毒素。     

改性聚苯乙烯滤料在BAF中的应用

采用氧化和接枝蛋白分子的方法对聚苯乙烯滤料进行表面改性处理,并将其用于曝气生物滤池(BAF)中以检验其对BAF处理性能的改善效果.结果表明:改性处理后的滤料无论是在挂膜速度上还是在生物量上都明显优于未改性滤料,其表面生物量约为未改性滤料的3倍;当COD容积负荷和氨氮负荷分别小于4、0.4 kg/(m3·d)时,采用改性聚苯乙烯滤料的BAF可有效去除COD和氨氮,去除率分别高达86.1%和57%.     

金属氧化物改性滤料去除微量苯酚研究

用金属氧化物改性滤料强化过滤除酚的试验表明，改性滤料对苯酚单纯的吸附过滤去除效率不高，而滤前预投高锰酸钾对苯酚的去除非常有效。改性滤料表面的吸附和催化作用是除酚的主要机理。     

改性滤料除锰效能及影响因素研究

通过静态和动态试验，对改性滤料的除锰效能及其影响因素进行了考察。结果表明，改性滤料的除锰效能显著优于石英砂和天然锰砂的，其对水中锰离子的吸附属于典型的Freundlich吸附类型；在150h的动态试验期间，改性滤料对锰的去除率〉90％，出水锰浓度〈0．1mg／L；中性或弱酸性条件及高溶解氧浓度有利于改性滤料持续高效除锰。     

气浮/微絮凝/臭氧/活性炭工艺除藻效果

研究了臭氧—活性炭过滤对含藻水库水中藻类和微囊藻毒素的处理效果。中试结果表明，气浮／微絮凝／臭氧／活性炭工艺可有效处理受藻类污染的水库水。     

室内常规混凝除藻的实验研究

为研究水厂常规混凝中混凝剂对含藻水的去除效果,通过室内混凝实验,选用PAC,PFS和PAFC三种常用混凝剂,分别研究对含小球藻、隐藻和小环藻的原水中叶绿素a,UV_(254),浊度的去除效果,确定处理小球藻液和隐藻液选用PFS较优、去除小环藻液选用PAC较优,为水厂除藻提供了技术指导。     

强化常规工艺处理黄河原水的试验研究

天津在冬季、经长距离调用的黄河原水水质具有低温、低浊、微污染的特点，采用常规工艺处理时出水CODMn很难满足《城市供水水质标准》（CJ／T206-2005）的要求，为此开展了强化常规工艺的试验研究。结果表明，通过采取臭氧预氧化或高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）预氧化、高效絮凝刺HPAC强化混凝气浮、改性滤料强化过滤等措施，可显著改善常规工艺的出水水质，对有机物的去除率提高了10％以上，出水CODMn〈3mg／L。臭氧（或PPC）预氧化、HPAC混凝气浮、改性滤料过滤是改善常规工艺出水水质的有效手段。     

炭砂滤池在饮用水处理中的研究现状及前景

面对普遍存在的微污染水源水质和生活饮用水卫生标准的日益提高,自来水厂有必要采用深度处理工艺。炭砂滤池在保证有效去除浊度的基础上,可以增强对有机物和氨氮等污染物的去除效果,且炭砂滤池只需对水厂砂滤池进行改造,基建及日常运行管理费用较低,因此适用于我国自来水厂的提标改造。炭砂滤池的运行受到反冲洗、温度、预氧化和空床接触时间等因素的影响,对于其出水安全性尤其是出水生物安全性的问题亟待研究。为保证炭砂滤池在工程上的成功应用和推广,需进一步研究滤料级配、组合工艺运行以及滤池内的微生物特性。     

普通快滤池改造为气水反冲洗均质滤料滤池工程实践

针对大连大沙沟净水厂原有普通快滤池过滤周期短、产水量下降、反冲洗效果不佳等问题,进行了技术改造。将原有中阻力陶瓷滤砖配水系统改为Azurfloor整体滤板小阻力长柄滤头配水,煤-砂滤料改为石英砂均质滤料,单一水反冲洗改为气水反冲洗,并完善了滤池的自动控制系统。运行情况表明,改造后滤池出水水质提高,反冲洗效果明显改善,产水量增加了10×104m3/d,运行成本减少且滤站实现了自动化运行,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

Transport of nanoparticles with dispersant through biofilm coated drinking water sand filters

This article characterizes, experimentally and theoretically, the transport and retention of engineered nanoparticles (NP) through sand filters at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) under realistic conditions. The transport of four commonly used NPs (ZnO, CeO_2, TiO_2, and Ag, with bare surfaces and coating agents) through filter beds filled with sands from either acid washed and calcined, freshly acquired filter media, and used filter media from active filter media, were investigated. The study was conducted using water obtained upstream of the sand filter at DWTP. The results have shown that capping agents have a determinant importance in the colloidal stability and transport of NPs through the different filter media. The presence of the biofilm in used filter media increased adsorption of NPs but its effects in retaining capped NPs was less significant. The data was used to build a mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation. The model was used to simulate the performance of a scale-up sand filter and the effects on filtration cycle of traditional sand filtration system used in DWTPs.     

Biofilter treatment of aquaculture water for reuse applications

Biotreatment of aquaculture water for recirculation purposes is a sensible mean to support the further growth of aquaculture industry without excessive water demands that are environmentally unsustainable. This study evaluates the efficacy of biofilter treatment of an eel (Anguilla japonica) culture pond water using different filter media and flow scheme arrangements. The experimental results demonstrate that biofilter systems packed with suitable filter media are capable of improving the quality of effluents for recirculation applications. The characteristics of the filter media appear to be more critical than biofilter flow scheme arrangements in affecting the efficacy of the biofilter treatment. Filter media with surface and structural characteristics are conducive to the development of biofilms and the capture of organic suspended matter are desirable to ensure good and consistent biofilter performance. Under such circumstances the bacterial "consortia" in the biofilter are capable of utilizing the captured organic suspended matter as an alternative substrate to support their metabolic activities when the concentration of the primary substrate (i.e., BOD) is low. For the eel pond water, a biofilter packed with filter media having cross-link structures and a high bed porosity, followed by another biofilter packed with a type of filter media having rough surfaces, produced the best results under the conditions tested. Moreover, a preliminary cost-benefit analysis confirms its cost advantages.     

莫莱石－堇青石滤池优化设计计算

通过试验给出了莫莱石－堇石（莫－堇）滤池总水头损失计算公式，探付出了一系列设计计算多数。最后提出了莫－堇滤池的优化设计计算方法和程序框图，此方法对指导莫－堇滤池设计具有很大的实用性。     

固定化菌种处理锈蚀管网出水的研究

发生内腐蚀的管道出水往往使出厂饮用水水质部分超标,遂进行了相关的深度净化技术研究。从除铁除锰滤池中的成熟滤砂洗脱下滤膜,以铁锰细菌的选择性培养基进行分离纯化,共培养出5株铁锰降解菌。通过试验发现,铁锰降解菌在铁、锰共存的培养基中的生长情况要好于只含铁基质的,而在只含有锰的基质中不生长。将降解有机物的工程菌和铁锰降解菌固定在同一个反应器的不同滤料上并处理管网出水(浊度为1.5NTU、色度≥25倍、有腥味),结果表明,一体式固定菌种反应器对铁、锰和高锰酸盐指数的去除率可达98%、96%和55%,处理出水的浊度<0.5NTU,色度<15倍,没有嗅味。     

Treatment performance of gravel filter media: implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems

Stormwater infiltration systems are widely used to address the flow and water quality impacts of urbanization. However, their pollutant removal performance is uncertain, with respect to varying filter depth, and over time. Seven simulation experiments were conducted on a laboratory-scale gravel infiltration system to test the pollutant removal under a range of water level regimes, including both constant and variable water levels. Gravel filters were found to be very effective for removal of sediment and heavy metals under all water level regimes, even as the system clogged over time. Despite the sediment particle size distribution being much smaller than the filter media pore size, sediment and its associated pollutants were effectively trapped in the top of the gravel filter, even when the water level was allowed to vary. A media depth of 0.5 m was found to achieve adequate pollutant removal. Breakthrough of pollutants may not be of concern, since physical clogging occurred first (thus determining the lifespan of the filter media). However, gravel filters were less effective at nutrient removal, particularly for dissolved nutrients.     

饮用水中二甲基异莰醇的应急处理技术研究

针对郑州市S水厂原水二甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)季节性升高问题,采用在原水中投加粉末活性炭(PAC)或二氧化氯(ClO2)的应急处理技术。结果表明,在原水泵站投加PAC可以有效控制水体的臭味;与单层石英砂滤层相比,石英砂加活性炭滤层对2-MIB的去除率可增加56%;为防止活性炭吸附效率降低,应避免PAC与ClO2同时使用。     

许塘水厂虹吸滤池的改造与运行

采用拆除大阻力配水系统的穿孔钢管和支管,去除承托层、垫层和滤料层,引入小阻力配水系统等措施对许塘水厂老式虹吸滤池进行了改造。过滤系统采用高精度滤板及ABS短柄滤头,滤池开孔比为2.5%,整体滤板抬高0.4m,均质滤料层厚度为800mm。通过技术改造,出厂水平均浊度达到0.4NTU,滤池产水量提高近1.5倍,经济技术指标大大提高。     

纤维束过滤器的水头损失特性研究

从研究纤维束滤料的传质效率—水头损失特性出发,确定了纤维束过滤器的技术参数。实践表明:纤维束过滤器的滤速可达20m/h以上,较砂滤池有大幅提高,同时其出水水质更好,周期制水量增加了4~6倍,而自用水率不足周期制水量的1%。