低负荷厌氧生物处理焦化废水试验研究

采用低负荷厌氧生物反应器处理焦化废水的实验结果表明,低负荷厌氧生物反应器可有效地降低废水中的TOC(总有机碳)和TN(总氮),处理3h后,TOC和TN分别降低了77.9mg/L和31.1mg/L。厌氧处理改善了焦化废水的生化条件,降低了后续处理生物负荷,为焦化外排水的COD(化学需氧量)满足一级排放标准(GB 13456-1992)奠定了基础。     

简述降低废水COD方法

COD即化学需氧量,它是表征水体中还原性物质的综合指标,除特殊水样外,还原性物质主要是有机物。在自然界的循环中,这些还原性物质,特别是有机化合物在生物氧化降解过程中消耗溶解氧而造成水体氧的缺损,溶解氧的缺损会破坏环境和生物群落的生态平衡,引起水质恶化,甚至发生溶氧消耗殆尽,厌氧菌滋生,造成水体变黑发臭。使水质严重污染,如何有效去除废水中的有机物已经成为废水处理中的主要课题。     

拜耳法分解槽结疤洗涤苛化工艺研究及应用

国内拜耳法氧化铝厂分解工序大都采用大型平底机械搅拌分解槽,此分解槽的槽壁极易结疤,并且生长快,传统清理方法会造成结疤中的有机物重新进入系统,不能减少对生产的危害.通过分析,发现分解槽结疤中主要成分为Al(OH)3,其次为碳酸钠、草酸钠和其他成分的有机碳(TOC),因此确定了采用洗涤苛化法去除结疤中有机物的方案.实验室和...     

铁碳法处理冷轧PSA废水的工艺设计与应用

冷轧电镀锡机组生产过程中产生的含锡废水是酸性含有机物的废水,含苯酚磺酸(PSA)等表面活性剂,重金属污染物Sn2 离子,COD浓度高,pH值在1.1～2.0范围波动.此废水排入天然水体,会造成水环境污染.介绍以铁碳法处理冷轧含高浓度PSA废水的处理技术,结合现场设计铁碳技术为主要的预处理工艺,大幅度降低COD浓度,去除Sn2 离子,为废水进一步进行生化处理提供保障.实践证明,该工艺是良好的深度处理含PSA及高浓度COD废水的预处理工艺.     

基于好氧颗粒污泥的膜生物反应器处理离子型稀土冶炼废水

稀土冶炼有机废水是一种危害性大、水质复杂的高浓度酸性废水,主要污染物包括有机物、氨氮、悬浮物、无机盐、重金属等。因此研究如何有效处理稀土冶炼有机废水对水体、土壤的保护具有重大意义。本研究搭建了序批式膜生物反应器(SBR-MBR),并结合好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic Granular Sludge,AGS)组成好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(AGS-MBR)。在此基础上,研究了不同碳氮比(有机物中碳与氮的总含量的比值C/N)对AGS-MBR处理工艺的影响。结果表明,在C/N=10时,好氧颗粒污泥稳定性最好,对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN和TP的脱除率稳定后可达99.0%、96.7%、79.3%、91.1%;进水C/N的降低对AGS-MBR去除COD的影响较小,对出水N的形态和TP影响较大,并且当C/N≤7时,部分好氧颗粒污泥发生解体,出水TN和TP浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918—2002(2006)一级A排放标准要求,为进一步探讨研究更低C/N的稀土冶炼有机废水的处理工艺提供理论依据。     

顺序注射-气体散分光光度法测定环境水中无机碳和有机碳

提出了一个测定环境水中无机碳(IC)、有机碳(TOC)含量的顺序注射气体扩散光度分析方法.在线气体扩散分离二氧化碳后,分别测定总碳(TC)和无机碳的含量,利用其差值求出有机碳的含量,确立了最佳实验条件.通过在H2SO4试剂中添加5×10-3 mol/L KMnO4来消除SO2和H2S的干扰.碳量在5～120μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为2.9μg/mL,.对含碳40μg/mL的标准溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1%.测定一个试样仅需要0.1 mL酸和0.2 mL指示剂,显著地降低了试剂的消耗.方法用于环境水中碳的测定,回收率在92.8%～107.2%之间.     

吹扫捕集与色谱—质谱联用分析宝钢水和废水中VOCs

吹扫捕集与色谱—质谱联用技术是一种较为成熟的有机物分析技术,结合实验室仪器条件采用此技术,开发出依据美国环保局(EPA)8260B方法分析水和废水中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,并应用于宝钢实际水样的监测,取得了较好的分析结果。该方法可分析40种(类)挥发性有机物,每种物质分析的线性相关系数都能达到0.99以上,基体加标试剂的回收率为89.5%～102.7%,除四种物质为0.01mg/L外,其余物质的定量下限基本上为0.005mg/L,完全能够满足应用要求。     

焦化废水处理技术现状与研究进展

焦化废水是煤制焦化产品回收过程中产生的废水,是一种含氨氮和有机物浓度较高的难生化降解的有机废水.焦化废水的污染控制一直是国内外工业废水污染控制的重大难题,文章分析焦化废水治理的现状,介绍了传统常用的和当前先进有效的几种焦化废水处理技术,并详细叙述了各种技术的原理和处理效果,比较了各种处理方法的优劣,并对焦化废水处理的前景进行了展望.     

脱除锌浸出液中残留有机胺的试验研究

针对目前氧化锌矿酸浸液中残留有机胺含量过高的问题,采用有机胺标准溶液和云南某地氧化锌精矿浸出液为原料,溶液中总有机碳(TOC)值为脱除效果表征,采用吸附法、树脂交换两种方法进行了脱除氧化锌精矿浸出液中残留有机胺的实验研究,重点考察了温度、时间、试剂用量工艺参数对脱除残留有机胺的影响。研究结果表明:活性炭吸附法及树脂交换法脱除有机胺溶液时,这两种方法脱除后,溶液中TOC10 mg·L~(-1),均满足电积前溶液中TOC50 mg·L~(-1)的要求,但在锌浸出液中进行脱除时,树脂交换法效果一般,活性炭吸附法更适用于锌浸出液体系脱除有机胺。通过实验研究,确定最佳吸附条件为吸附温度45℃,吸附时间2 h,吸附剂活性炭用量6 g·L~(-1),在此条件下,溶液中残留TOC为17 mg·L~(-1),脱除率达到83%,同时Zn~(2+)损失率5%,达到了脱除锌浸出液中残留有机胺的要求。     

顺序注射-气体扩散分光光度法测定环境水中无机碳和有机碳

提出了一个测定环境水中无机碳(IC)、有机碳(TOC)含量的顺序注射气体扩散光度分析方法。在线气体扩散分离二氧化碳后,分别测定总碳(TC)和无机碳的含量,利用其差值求出有机碳的含量,确立了最佳实验条件。通过在H2SO4试剂中添加5×10-3mol/LKMnO4来消除SO2和H2S的干扰。碳量在5~120μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为2.9μg/mL。对含碳40μg/mL的标准溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1%。测定一个试样仅需要0.1 mL酸和0.2 mL指示剂,     

Preparation of Ti-based Yb-doped SnO2–RuO2 electrode and electrochemical oxidation treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, the Ti/SnO₂–RuO₂ electrodes with different Yb contents were prepared by sol–gel method and thermal decomposition method, and the surface morphology and crystal structure of the electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the electrochemical properties of the electrodes were tested by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical oxidation device was constructed with Yb-doped Ti/SnO₂–RuO₂ electrode as the anode and titanium plate as the cathode, and the electrochemical oxidation effect and product changes of the anode on coking wastewater were investigated. The results show that the surface of the electrode is flat with high crystallinity of SnO₂ and RuO₂ crystals at 1.5% Yb doping, and the LSV and CV curves indicate that the Yb doping of 1.5% increases the oxygen precipitation potential and electrocatalytic oxidation activity of the electrode. When the electrode with Yb doping of 1.5% is the anode with current density of 10 mA/cm² electrochemical oxidation time of 30 min, the electrode can remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 85.06%, total organic carbon (TOC) up to 60.59% and UV₂₅₄ from 1.594 to 0.507 for coking wastewater. Gas chromatography (GC–MS), UV–vis and three-dimensional fluorescence results of coking wastewater before and after treatment show that large toxic substances in coking wastewater are degraded to low toxic organic substances, and most soluble organic substances are degraded and transformed. This study provides the possibility of basic research for the engineering practice of electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of coking wastewater.     

Characteristic of synergistic extraction of oxalic acid with system from rare earth metallurgical wastewater

Large amount of high concentration acidic wastewater would be produced in the conversion process of chloride rare earth into oxide rare earth.It was a mixed solution of oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid,so the recycling use was very difficult.The method of liquid-liquid extraction was proposed in this paper to achieve wastewater treatment and reclamation.The mechanism of extraction of oxalic acid from the wastewater with the systems of 50% TOB+45% kerosene and 5% 2-ethyl hexanol was investigated.The composition and structure of the extracted species and the establishment of the mathematical model of the oxalic acid extraction were determined by the use of saturation method,equimolar series method.The results showed that extraction of oxalic acid by TOB was a neutral association extraction,oxalic acid existed mainly in a molecular form in the organic phase,and the extraction combination ratio was 2:1.The duality extraction system composed of extractant TOB and TOC had synergistic extraction effect on oxalic acid and chlorhydric acid,and the extraction dislribution ratio was improved greatly.The optimum volume fiaction of TOB was 0.6-0.8.     

模糊控制机理在处理宝钢电厂冲灰水上的应用

热电厂冲灰水需经中和处理后才能排放.基于对宝钢电厂冲灰水加酸中和的研究,介绍了宝钢电厂冲灰水处理工艺.通过对现状分析,建立了冲灰水加酸的模式,实现控制器自动投加,从而确保了pH值在6～9之间,使废水在排放标准内稳定排放,实现了良好的社会效益和经济效益.     

宝钢外排综合废水人工湿地生态净化回用处理中试研究

钢铁企业外排综合废水的处理回用是降低吨钢耗新水量的有效途径。通过宝钢围厂河调研可知,围厂河接纳的废水资源量丰富,但较高的Fe、Mn浓度限制了其资源化利用。研究了将锰砂作为填料应用于人工湿地中处理宝钢外排综合废水,结果表明,锰砂人工湿地可有效去除废水中的Fe、Mn等污染物,出水达到了《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923-2005)和宝钢生产用水的水质要求。锰砂人工湿地运行稳定,受水力停留时间HRT、季节、温度等因素影响较小,运行成本较低,具有良好的经济效益。     

宝钢煤岩配煤方法的研究

在总结国内外煤岩配煤方法的基础上,确定了宝钢煤岩配煤的基本思想,并进行了试验设计。选择宝钢常用的炼焦煤,进行了21批单种煤改变惰性物含量的炼焦试验;参照生产配煤,改变配煤的强粘比和惰性物含量,进行了9批配煤炼焦试验,共获取有效数据357组。在理论分析与实际相结合的基础上,确定了宝钢煤岩配煤的参数;用试验获得的数据,进行数学分析获得宝钢焦炭强度预测模型,确定了宝钢煤岩配煤的方法。     

Process Optimization of an Aerobic Upflow Sludge Blanket Reactor System

Response of an aerobic upflow sludge blanket (AUSB) reactor system to the changes in operating conditions was investigated by varying two principle operating variables: the oxygenation pressure and the flow recirculation rate. The oxygenation pressure was varied between 0 and 25?psig (relative), while flow recirculation rates were between 1,300 and 600% correspondingly. The AUSB reactor system was able to handle a volumetric loading of as high as 3.8?kg total organic carbon (TOC)/m3?day, with a removal efficiency of 92%. The rate of TOC removal by AUSB was highest at a pressure of 20?psig and it decreased when the pressure was increased to 25?psig and the flow recirculation rate was reduced to 600%. The TOC removal rate also decreased when the operating pressure was reduced to 0 and 15?psig, with corresponding increase in flow recirculation rates to 1,300 and 1,000%, respectively. Maintenance of a high dissolved oxygen level and a high flow recirculation rate was found to improve the substrate removal capacity of the AUSB system. The AUSB system was extremely effective in retaining the produced biomass despite a high upflow velocity and the overall sludge yield was only 0.24–0.32?g VSS/g TOC removed. However, the effluent TOC was relatively high due to the system’s operation at a high organic loading.     

Treatment of Chlorophenols by UV-Based Processes: Correlation of Oxidation By-Products, Wastewater Parameters, and Toxicity

The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradability of para-chlorophenol (p-CP) model wastewater when treated by UV and UV/H2O2 processes. We investigated the correlations between the toxicity and the concentration of p-CP and its oxidation by-products, as well as other parameters—summarizing characteristics which potentially indicate hazardous water components, e.g., AOX (adsorbable organic halides), TOC (total organic carbon), and COD and BOD5 (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand). Biodegradability is estimated by the BOD5/COD ratio. The toxic effects were investigated on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, determining the EC50 value. The correlation between each data pair was estimated using a statistical approach calculating the Spearman rank coefficients. The biodegradability of the p-CP model wastewater was improved by the UV/H2O2 process; the BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.37 to 0.73 after a 1-h treatment (F = 1243??mJ?cm-2). According to the calculated Spearman rank coefficient, the highest correlation with toxicity data among all monitored parameters was obtained for hydroquinone and benzoquinone, as by-products of p-CP degradation, as well as for the BOD5/COD ratio.     

KDD在产品质量分析与控制中的应用

从宝钢产品质量分析和质量控制的上 ＫＤＤ过程中的数据预处理和聚类分析的一些基本概念和方法,提出了适合宝钢特点的数据预处理和聚类分析方法,通过一个实例来说明这些方法和技术在宝钢应用的前景。