一种氨基四唑的硝基咪唑衍生物的合成

合成了一种氨基四唑的硝基咪唑衍生物2-[3-(2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-羟丙基]-5-氨基-2H-四唑。以1-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑和5-氨基四唑一水合物为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在K2CO3作用下,50℃反应10h,得到2-[3-(2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-羟丙基]-5-氨基-2H-四唑,收率31.1%,产品纯度99.8%(液相色谱)。对目的产物进行了IR、1 H-NMR及13 C-NMR表征,并对反应机理进行了分析。     

几种杂环类偶氮化合物的合成与光致变色性能研究

合成了3-(2-(5-硝基噻唑)偶氮)-2-氨基-4-羟基吡啶、5-(2-(5-硝基噻唑)偶氮)-8-羟基喹啉、3-(2-(5-硝基噻唑)偶氮)-4-甲基-2-氨基吡啶、3-(2-(5-硝基噻唑)偶氮)-5-甲基-2-氨基吡啶、3-(2-(5-甲基噻唑)偶氮)-2-氨基吡啶、3-(2-(5-甲基噻唑)偶氮)-5-甲基-2-氨基吡啶(以下分别简称为化合物A,化合物B,化合物C,化合物D,化合物E,化合物F),采用IR和1 H-NMR对其结构进行了表征,利用UV-Vis研究了其光致变色的性能。结果显示:化合物A,化合物B,化合物C,化合物D具有较为明显的光致变色的性能。在重氮环上引入吸电子基,而在偶合环上引入供电子基时,有利于共轭体系中电子流动,在520~550nm出现顺式吸收峰,表现出光致变色的性能。化合物E和化合物F的重氮环和偶合环上都引入供电子基,共轭体系中电子流动受阻,没有出现顺式吸收峰,因而不具有光致变色性,重氮环上的取代基的种类对光致变色性能具有重要的影响。     

3-硝仿基-5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑的合成及性能

以1,1′-二氨基-2,2′-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)为原料，经肼解反应、酰化反应、硝化环化反应合成了3-硝仿基-5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑(MFT),三步反应收率依次为84%、64%、66%。培养出中间体1-氨基-1-(2-乙酰基肼基)-2,2-二硝基乙烯(AHADNE)、目标产物MFT的单晶并进行了解析，两种化合物的晶体密度分别为1.624g/cm³、1.698g/cm³。采用差示量热/热重(DSC/TG)方法对MFT的热稳定性进行表征，其热分解峰温178.7℃,热稳定性良好。通过量子化学方法对MFT进行几何构型优化，并计算得到其标准固相生成焓为99.4kJ/mol。以Kamlet-Jacob公式计算了MFT的爆轰性能，其爆速为8051m/s,爆压为28.28GPa。     

微波辐照合成固载咪唑鎓离子液体中间体:1-甲基-3-(3-三乙氧硅基丙基)咪唑氯鎓

采用家用微波炉,在无溶剂的状态下,以1-甲基咪唑和3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,合成了固载咪唑鎓离子液体中间体:1-甲基-3-(3-三乙氧硅基丙基)咪唑氯鎓。考察了微波辐照方式、辐照时间、微波功率以及投料比对产物收率的影响。与传统加热方法相比,微波辐照法不仅大大缩短了反应时间,而且提高了收率;为中间体1-甲基-3-(3-三乙氧硅基丙基)咪唑氯鎓离子液体的合成提供了一个快速、高效、环保绿色的方法。     

阿瑞吡坦的合成

以肼基甲酸甲酯为起始原料与氯乙腈进行加成反应得到2,2-氯-1-亚胺乙基肼甲酸甲酯,与(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3-(4-氟苯基)-吗啉盐酸盐发生取代反应生成(Z)-2-[1-氨基-2-[(2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3-(4-氟苯基)-吗啉代]亚乙基]联氨甲酸甲酯,再经过环合反应得到阿瑞吡坦粗品,而后经过精制得到阿瑞吡坦精制品,总收率约为50%。     

1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的合成

以硝基甲烷为原料合成了1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷,总收率为37.8%。采用1HNMR﹑IR和MS对目标产物及中间体的结构进行了表征。在三羟甲基硝基甲烷的合成中,结合反应机理确定了氢氧化钙的用量为:n(CH3NO2)n(Ca(OH)2)=1001;通过对催化剂浓硫酸﹑三氟化硼—乙醚络合物和对甲苯磺酸的比较,得出对甲苯磺酸为中间体2,2-二甲基-5-羟甲基-5-硝基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷合成的较优催化剂;分别采用2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯和2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四对甲苯磺酸酯与NaN3反应,发现磺酸酯基易离去,叠氮化反应更易进行,收率较高;叠氮化反应的较优溶剂为DMSO。DSC分析表明,1,4-二叠氮-2,3-二叠氮甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷的分解峰温为223.46℃。     

2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物硝化反应研究

研究了2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物在硝硫混酸和发烟硝酸/酸性离子液体中的硝化反应。在混酸硝化体系中,考察了混酸硝化剂类型对产物2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)收率和纯度的影响。在发烟硝酸/N,N,N-三甲基-N-丙磺酸基-硫酸氢铵(TMPSHSO4)硝化体系中,考察了在酸性离子液体催化条件下酸性离子液体使用量、硝解反应温度、酸性离子液体重复使用次数对LLM-105收率和纯度的影响。结果表明:混酸硝化体系中,2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物的最佳硝化剂为KNO3和质量分数20%发烟硫酸,LLM-105的收率为72.5%,质量分数为98.6%。发烟硝酸/酸性离子液体硝化体系中,最佳反应条件为:TMPSHSO4与2,6-二乙酰氨基吡嗪-1-氧化物的物质的量的比为0.051.00,硝解温度为75℃,LLM-105收率为64.8%,质量分数为98.5%,TMPSHSO4经回收可重复使用3次。相对而言,以发烟硝酸/TMPSHSO4为硝化剂合成LLM-105更具优势。用1H NMR、IR和MS对LLM-105的结构进行了表征。     

1,1-二(对-二乙氨基苯基)-4-(α-萘基)-4-苯基-1,3-丁二烯的合成及其光电性能研究

以α-溴代萘和苯乙酮为主要原料合成了1-(α-萘基)-1-苯基-3-氯丙烯,该化合物与4,4'-双(二乙氨基)二苯甲酮经Grignard反应,脱水后得到目标产物1,1-二(对-二乙氨基苯基)-4-(α-萘基)-4-苯基-1,3-丁二烯(CT),产品纯度98.86%,收率36.4%.通过质谱与核磁共振对产物的结构进行了表征,并对其进行X-射线单晶衍射分析,确定了分子构型.以Y-TiOPc为电荷产生材料,CT为空穴传输材料制备的功能分离型光导体光导性能参数为:V0=-850V,VR=-20V,Rd=17.5V,E1/2=0.60lx·s,表明CT具有优良的空穴传输特性.     

几种可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成与性能表征

以3,5-二硝基溴苯与对甲基苯酚为原料,合成出中间产物3,5-二硝基-4'-甲基-二苯基醚,再用钯/碳还原得到芳香二胺单体3,5-二氨基-4'-甲基-二苯基醚,以此芳香二胺和四种不同芳香二酐为单体,通过低温聚合反应合成了高分子量的聚酰胺酸,热亚胺化的产物在极性强的溶剂中具有较好的溶解性.差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重法(...     

2-氯-4,6-二硝基间苯二酚的合成

以4,6-二硝基-1,2,3-三氯苯为原料,采用水相碱性水解法合成了2-氯-4,6-二硝基间苯二酚,并采用了元素分析,红外光谱,质谱和高效液相色谱对合成的产品进行了表征。采用正交实验法对合成2-氯-4,6-二硝基间苯二酚的工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件,在此条件下得到的2-氯-4,6-二硝基间苯二酚的收率为96.37%,纯度为96.89%。对水解产品重结晶用溶剂进行了考察,确定了正丁醇为水解产品重结晶用溶剂,重结晶产品的收率为90.02%,纯化后产品的纯度为99.56%。     

Analysis of nitro musk compounds and their amino metabolites in liquid sewage sludges using NMR and mass spectrometry

A method using HRGC ion trap MS/MS for measuring simultaneously amino metabolites and the parent compounds, the nitro musks, an important group of organic fragrance components found in sewage sludges, was developed. The monoamino metabolites were synthesized and characterized by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Among the nitro musks, musk ketone was the major compound, found at an average concentration of 5 microg/kg of dry mass (dm) whereas musk xylene was detected in only one sample (30 microg/kg dm). Three amino metabolites were identified, namely, 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-amino-2,6-dinitrobenzene, 1,1,3,3,5-pentamethyl-4-nitro-6-aminoindane, and 4-acetyl-1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-nitro-6-aminobenzene, the corresponding reduction products of the nitro musks xylene, moskene, and ketone. These metabolites were present in partly higher concentrations in the sludges than the corresponding nitro musk compounds. Musk xylene and musk moskene were mainly found as their monoamino metabolites, underlining the importance of anaerobic reduction processes in the sewage treatment plant.     

Synthesis,characterization, thermal,electrical and electrochemical studies of oligo nitrobenzimidazoles and their p–n diode applications

Three novel nitro oligobenzimidazoles, oligo-2-(6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (OBINP2), oligo-3-(6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (OBINP3) and oligo-4-(6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (OBINP4) were synthesized by oxidative polycondensation of benzimidazole monomers with NaOCl in aqueous alkaline medium. The structure of the monomers and oligomers were confirmed by FT-IR, UV–Vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The monomer BINP2 and its oligomer are showing dual emission through excited state intramolecular proton transfer process. The band gap values of monomers and oligomers were calculated from both UV–Vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric data. Theoretical band gap values of monomers obtained from DFT were compared with experimentally calculated band gap values. The electrical conductivity of I₂ doped and undoped oligomers were measured using two point probe technique and are showing good correlation with the charge densities on imidazole nitrogen obtained from Huckel method. The conductivity of oligomers increases with increase in iodine vapour contact time up to 144 h. The variation of dielectric properties of oligomers has been investigated at different frequency and temperature. Among the oligomers, OBINP3 is having greater thermal stability as evidenced by its high carbine residue of around 65% at 600 °C in thermogravimetric analysis.     

1，3-双（叠氮乙酰氧基）-2-乙基-2-硝基丙烷的合成与性能

以2-乙基-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,经酯化、叠氮化两步反应,合成出了1,3-二(叠氮乙酰氧基)-2-乙基-2-硝基丙烷(ENPEA),总收率为83%。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对ENPEA的结构进行了表征。探讨了叠氮化反应的影响因素,确定其最佳反应条件为:n(Na N3)n(ENPE)为2.21.0,混合溶剂中水占总体积的13%~20%,反应时间2 h;性能测试得到ENPEA的玻璃化转变温度为-43.4℃,热分解峰温为252.4℃,密度为1.34 g/cm3,特性落高为120.2 cm(落锤2 kg),爆炸概率为4%(摆角66°)。     

Studies on characterisation and thermal behaviour of 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives

3-Amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) and its derivatives have been prepared in order to carry out the systematic studies on structural aspects, explosive and thermal behaviour. Thermal studies were carried out for ANTA and 4,6-bis-(3-amino-5-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-5-nitropyrimidine (DANTNP) by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and manometric thermal analysis. The results show that (DANTNP) is more thermally stable than ANTA when compared in terms of activation energy.     

The solid-state packing of sulfur substituted 2-aminopyrimidines and the occurrence of N-H—S hydrogen-bonding associations

The solid-state packing arrays of eight 4-sulfur substituted 2-aminopyrimidines have been examined and the occurrence of N–H—S hydrogen-bonding associations in those structures discussed. The eight compounds were 2,5-diamino-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine 1, 2-amino-4,6-bis(phenylthio)pyrimidine 2, 2-amino-4,6-bis(4-chlorophenylthio)pyrimidine 3, 2-amino-4,6-bis(4-methylphenylthio)pyrimidine 4, 5 (two polymorphs), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenylthio)pyrimidine 6, 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenylthio)-6-morpholinopyrimidine 7, 2-amino-4-(4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperizino)-6-phenylthiopyrimidine 8, and 2-amino-4-(4-(2-ethoxyphenyl)piperizino)-6-(4-chlorophenylthio)pyrimidine 9. The single-crystal x-ray structures of 1 – 3 have been previously reported while the structures of 4 – 9 are presented in this paper. All packing motifs exhibit characteristic R₂²(8) hydrogen-bonded 2-aminopyrimidine dimers, to varying degrees of polymerisation, whereas compounds 1 – 5 and 7 include N–H—S associations, the majority of which are three-center associations with an included N–H—N interaction.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y-shape electron donor–acceptor type organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Three Y-shape organic dyes, (Z)-3-(5-(3,5-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)-4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (OD-1), (Z)-3-(5′-(3,5-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (OD-2) and (Z)-3-(5′-(3,5-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)styryl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4′-4″-trithiophenyl-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (OD-3) were synthesized and used as sensitizers in nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The introduction of the bis(carbazolylstyryl) units as an electron donor group and oligothiophene units as a both electron donors and π-spacers increased the conjugation length of the sensitizers and thus improved their molar absorption coefficient and light harvesting efficiency. DSSCs with the configuration of SnO₂:F/TiO₂/organic dye/liquid electrolyte/Pt devices were fabricated using these OD-1, OD-2 and OD-3 as a sensitizers. Among the devices, the DSSC composed of OD-3 exhibited highest power conversion efficiency of 3.03% under AM1.5G (100 mW cm⁻²).     

N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺的Diels-Alder反应及聚合物热稳定性

对N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺(NBCBMI)单体在热引发下发生的Diels-Alder反应进行了初步探索,研究了该单体和苯乙烯(St)及N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)的自由基共聚物分别与NPMI发生的Diels-Alder反应,并对聚合物结构进行了表征分析。通过热重分析研究了Diels-Alder反应前后聚合物热稳定性的变化。结果表明,聚合物DANBCBMI初始分解温度约为500℃,600℃的热失重仅为32.21%,比NBCBMI自由基聚合产物PNB-CBMI的热稳定性有显著提高,而共聚物在发生Diels-Alder反应后的溶解性下降,但热稳定性有一定提高。     

Qualitative and quantitative MALDI imaging of the positron emission tomography ligands raclopride (a D2 dopamine antagonist) and SCH 23390 (a D1 dopamine antagonist) in rat brain tissue sections using a solvent-free dry matrix application method

The distributions of positron emission tomography (PET) ligands in rat brain tissue sections were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). The detection of the PET ligands was possible following the use of a solvent-free dry MALDI matrix application method employing finely ground dry α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA). The D2 dopamine receptor antagonist 3,5-dichloro-N-{[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamide (raclopride) and the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist 7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-8-ol (SCH 23390) were both detected at decreasing abundance at increasing period postdosing. Confirmation of the compound identifications and distributions was achieved by a combination of mass-to-charge ratio accurate mass, isotope distribution, and MS/MS fragmentation imaging directly from tissue sections (performed using MALDI TOF/TOF, MALDI q-TOF, and 12T MALDI-FT-ICR mass spectrometers). Quantitative data was obtained by comparing signal abundances from tissues to those obtained from quantitation control spots of the target compound applied to adjacent vehicle control tissue sections (analyzed during the same experiment). Following a single intravenous dose of raclopride (7.5 mg/kg), an average tissue concentration of approximately 60 nM was detected compared to 15 nM when the drug was dosed at 2 mg/kg, indicating a linear response between dose and detected abundance. SCH 23390 was established to have an average tissue concentration of approximately 15 μM following a single intravenous dose at 5 mg/kg. Both target compounds were also detected in kidney tissue sections when employing the same MSI methodology. This study illustrates that a MSI may well be readily applied to PET ligand research development when using a solvent-free dry matrix coating.     

Mass spectrometric behavior of thiazide-based diuretics after electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation

The mass spectrometric behavior of 21 thiazide-based compounds after electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode and collision-induced dissociation was investigated on a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. The mass spectra show individual and common fragmentation patterns, the generations of which are discussed based on comparable molecular structures of commercially available substances and the synthesis of unlabeled, deuterated, and 15N-labeled analogues. The synthesis of deuterated thiazides is perfomed by condensation of 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide with appropriately labeled aldehydes, while the introduction of 15N into the sulfonamide groups of thiazides was achieved by the synthesis of 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide(15N2) from 3-chloroaniline via 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride. The most common fragments determined are m/z 269, 205, and 126 for 6-chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides and m/z 303, 239, and 160 for 6-trifluoromethyl-7-sulfamoyl-3-alkyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. Individual fragmentation behaviors were found that mainly depended on the C-3-linked side chain.     

甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备Beta-Al_2O_3固体电解质研究

甘氨酸(GNP)为还原剂、硝酸盐为氧化剂,利用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备beta-Al_2O_3前驱粉料。利用热分析(TG/DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、核磁共振(NMR)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)等测试技术对beta-Al_2O_3的合成工艺进行研究。结果表明:该法合成beta-Al_2O_3前驱粉料的温度为1150℃,比固相反应法低了150℃,平均粒径约为42.0nm,具有较好的成型和烧结性能。将素坯在1620℃保温烧结,得到的烧结体的结构中Al(Ⅳ)和Al(Ⅵ)分别位于δ=45和δ=-6附近,相对密度为97.6%;350℃时的离子电导率为0.046S·cm~(-1)。