味精生产中离子交换废水的预处理技术研究

采用电化学法、吹脱法和化学沉淀法对味精废水中离子交换废水的预处理进行了试验研究。结果表明：以铸铁屑为主的铁碳法，当HRT为2h时，pH可从1．97升至4．88，可大大减少后续中和吹氨所需石灰量，Fe-C还原对作COD、氨氮和提高可生化性无明显效果。pH中和至9．5－10，鼓气量在100m^3/h左右，水温55℃左右，经8h，可将原水NH3－N从12000mg/L左右降至4000mg/L左右，脱除率65％以上。磷酸氨镁法去除废水中NH4^ －N，在n（Mg^2＋）：n（PO4^3-）：n（NH4^ －N）＝1：1：1（物质的量比）时，随废水pH升高，NH4^ －N去除率逐步增大，pH为10时其去除率达到54％。     

伯胺N1923对螺旋霉素和红霉素的萃取性能研究（1）

研究了伯胺N1923萃取剂对螺旋霉素和红素的萃取性能,实验结果表明它具有萃取率高、适用pH范围较大、不乳化、易分相、易反萃、用量不且可多次循环使用等优点,显示出了作为工业萃取剂的良好特性。适宜的萃取条件分别为对螺旋霉素用5．0％N1923,pH＝9．56,O／A＝1：1（V／V）,萃取率为90．8％;萃取红霉素用7．5％N1923,pH＝9．50,O／A＝1：1,萃取率为92％。     

专利实例

镀锌及锌合金两则97201镀锌添加剂本专利介绍镀锌或锌合金的酸性溶液中所用的添加剂。该添加剂为混合物，含有：（a）聚（N-乙烯基-α-吡咯烷酮）；（b）RS（R’O）。H或S－[（R’O）nH]2，式中，R为H或烷基（C原子数≤24个），每一个R’为2或3个C原子的不同烯烃，n为1～100的不同整数。欧洲专利EP545089（1992．11）97202钢上电镀Zn－Cr合金本专利介绍在钢上电镀Zn－Cr合金的工艺。溶液为酸性溶液，含有：Zn2＋离子和Cr（Ⅲ）离子，其摩尔浓度比为0．1＜Cr3＋／（Zn2＋＋Cr3＋）≤0．9，总量为≥0．5mol／L；0．1～30g／L非离…     

络合萃取法处理β-萘磺酸钠工业废水

采用络合萃取法,以ＴＯＡ为萃取剂、煤油为稀释剂处理β－萘磺酸钠工艺废水。结果表明,当ＰＨ＝０．５－１．０,废水：萃取剂：稀释剂＝１００：１０：４０时,废水经二级萃取ＯＣＤｃｒ去经达９８．０％。将二级萃余水相用Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｆｅ＾２＋氧化后,出水ＣＯＤｃｒ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,可达标排放。     

HPLC法测定2—羟基喹恶啉

建立了2－羟基喹恶啉的高效液相色谱分析方法，流动相：pH=5,甲醇＋水（V／V）＝30＋70，在UV－280nm下用外标法进行测定，方法精度为0．25，变异系数为0．25％，回收率在99．6％－100．9％之间。     

β修正—MTB新光度法测定微量铅

钢铁及金属材料中均含有铅（Pb）。在pH5．5～6．5HAc—NaAc溶液中，Ph2＋与CTB反应，显色液由黄色变红色［1］。本文研究β修正光度法测定痕量铅，该方法灵敏度高，Aβ与Pb2＋浓度（x）有良好线性关系。实验表明，RSD≤2．2％，加标回收率91．7％～109％．方法最低检测量为0．4μg／25ml。1实验部分1．1β修正光度分析理论在pH6HAc－NaA溶液中，MTh3和外一MT13显色液吸收示意曲线如图1。c曲线是Ph－MW显色液中剩余MTh独立显色光谱。实际上Ph－MTh络合产物在其最大吸收波长（hax）处的吸光度为MO＝A占而不是MN＝AA．AP称p…     

给水管网水中氯胺消毒的氨氮释放规律

研究了对不同氯氨比条件下氯胺释放氨氮的规律,考察了pH、有机物浓度、亚硝酸盐浓度和Fe2＋对氯胺释放氨氮规律的影响。结果表明随着氯氨比的增加氨氮释放量降低,Cl∶N＝3∶1和Cl∶N＝5∶1的氯胺释放氨氮的量分别为0．91和0．35 mg/L;pH对氯胺释放氨氮有一定影响,氨氮浓度随着pH升高而降低;有机物含量和亚硝酸盐浓度对氯胺释放氨氮有显著影响,随着有机物和亚硝酸盐含量的增加,氯胺释放的氨氮浓度增加;管网中的 Fe2＋也会加快氯胺释放氨氮的速度。     

N-(2-氰基乙基)丁胺的合成研究

以甲苯和异丙醇的混合溶液作溶剂，正丁胺与丙烯腈反应合成N－（2－氰基乙基）丁胺；研究了溶剂种类和用量，原料配比，反应温度及时间对正丁胺转化率、N－（2－氰基乙基）丁胺选择性、单程总收率的影响；最佳工艺条件为：溶剂为混合溶剂[m(甲苯）：m(异丙醇）＝2．0]，m（溶剂）：m(正丁胺）＝4．0－5．0；n(丙烯腈）:n(正丁胺）＝1．0，反应温度为50－60℃，丙烯腈滴加时间45min，保温反应时间90min；单程总收率可达84．3％，产品纯度可达98．0％以上。     

曝气微电解-双氧水工艺处理炼厂焦化废水

采用曝气微电解－双氧水工艺处理炼厂焦化废水,考察了废水pH、反应时间、双氧水投加量以及空气流量等因素对废水COD、NH3－N2、除率和BOD／COD比值的影响。结果表明,在pH5～7、铁稻用量100g／L、双氧水（浓度为30％）用量2mL／L,反应时间1．5h、空气流量60L／h（实验废水量150mL）的条件下,COD、NH3－N的去除率分别为37.6％和299％,BOD／COD比值从0．25提高到0．66,废水可生化性提高。     

钛白废酸中钪的提取工艺改进

研究旨在改进现有二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（P204）-磷酸三丁酯（TBP）煤油体系提取钛白废酸中钪的工艺流程，降低洗涤操作费用，提高钪的富集比。研究了采用二次萃取富集、一次水解除杂、二次草酸提纯工艺提取钛白废酸中的钪。确定了最佳工艺条件：有机相的最佳体积分数为25％P204＋4％，TBP＋61％煤油；2mol／L氢氧化钠＋1．5mol／L氯化钠反萃；用盐酸调节反萃液pH为1，加热水解除钛；调水解液酸度（氢离子浓度）为7mo]／L，二次萃取除杂。在最佳条件下，可使钪与钛质量比由原废酸中的1：136富集到20：1。与现有工艺相比，省去了硫酸洗钛步骤，降低了提钪成本。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。