中空型分子印迹聚合物的制备及其对4-甲基二苯并噻吩的吸附性能研究

以SiO2为载体,4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,结合牺牲载体法合成了一种具有特异性识别4-甲基二苯并噻吩的中空型分子印迹聚合物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、氮气吸附实验、扫描电镜对形态结构进行了表征。通过在模拟油中的静态吸附试验,对印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,在SiO2表面成功地合成了具有多孔结构的分子印迹层,经过牺牲载体法处理后得到的中空分子印迹聚合物具有更好的表面特性,提高了吸附性能。中空型分子印迹聚合物对4-甲基二苯并噻吩表现出良好的特异性识别性能,吸附动力学满足Langergren准二级动力学方程,等温线符合Freundlich等温线模型,吸附热力学研究表明吸附是自发的吸热过程,在328K下的吸附容量为18.31498mg/g,吸附平衡时间为3h。     

一种超分子金属有机凝胶对甲基橙染料分子的吸附性能研究

以双羧酸功能化的苯并咪唑内鎓盐(L17)和硝酸银为原料制备了超分子金属有机凝胶,研究了该凝胶对罗丹明B、孔雀石绿及甲基橙的吸附性能,实验结果表明在水相中该凝胶可以选择性地吸附甲基橙分子。同时,考察了干凝胶用量、吸附时间、凝胶因子与金属离子配比及pH值等因素对吸附性能的影响,发现干凝胶用量为5mg、吸附时间在40～60min、最佳配比为1∶1、体系pH值为5～11时体现出最佳的吸附能力。该干凝胶对甲基橙的吸附行为符合Lang-muir及Freundlich等温吸附式,从动力学角度分析该吸附行为受液膜扩散控制。     

L-苹果酸分子印迹聚合物微球的制备及性能评价

以L-苹果酸为模板分子,丙烯酰胺(AA)、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)分别为功能单体和交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备了分子印迹聚合物微球,研究了聚合体系组成对模板聚合物吸附特性的影响。实验表明,以1∶4∶20的物质的量比加入模板分子、AA和EGDMA时,制备的模板聚合物吸附容量高,印迹效果好。通过Scat-chard分析研究了聚合物的选择结合性能,结果表明分子印迹聚合物微球在识别L-苹果酸的过程中存在2类结合位点,而空白印迹聚合物微球只存在1类结合位点。印迹聚合物微球对L-苹果酸和D-苹果酸的手性分离因子α达2.05。     

双酚A分子印迹吸附剂制备及性能研究

为提高吸附剂对水中双酚A(BPA)的选择识别性能,采用分子印迹溶胶-凝胶技术制备了BPA分子印迹吸附剂(BPA-MIA).以未添加BPA模板分子制得的非印迹吸附剂(BPA-MNIA)作为比较对象,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)对BPA-MIA进行表征,并对其吸附动力学、吸附等温线及选择识别性能进行研究.结果表明,BPA-MIA经过120 min达吸附平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温方程,最大吸附容量为16.69 mg/g,比BPA-MNIA吸附容量提高5倍,对BPA具有较高的选择吸附性能.     

沉淀法制备中药黄芩素分子印迹微球

以黄芩素(BAI)作为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用沉淀聚合法不同溶剂体积制备了系列分子印迹聚合物。紫外光谱研究了模板与功能单体相互作用情况,傅里叶变换红外光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜对其结构进行了表征,并通过动力学吸附和选择性吸附实验对其吸附动力学和热力学以及特异性识别进行了研究。结果表明,模板分子和功能单体之间通过氢键自组装形成1∶4配合物;不同溶剂体积对聚合物微球的结构影响显著:随着溶剂体积增加,印迹聚合物微球粒径增加,而吸附量减小;其动力学吸附符合准二级动力学模型,吸附热力学表明其吸附以物理吸附为主;聚合物微球对不同结构底物槲皮素(Qu)和氯霉素(CAP)的吸附表现出低的吸附量,分离因子分别为17.69和26.03。     

磁性交联壳聚糖的制备及其对钍(Ⅳ)的吸附研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,将壳聚糖包裹在Fe3O4磁子表面制成磁性壳聚糖(MC)。考察了MC对钍的最佳吸附时间、最佳pH和初始浓度。结果表明:MC对钍有很好的吸附性能,最佳pH为5,浓度为60μg/mL时MC对钍的吸附在7 h达到平衡,吸附量达49.60 mg/g,去除率达90%以上。利用拟一级反应动力学模型和拟二级反应动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,并分别采用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型对吸附等温线进行拟合。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合凝胶对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用乳化交联法,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备壳聚糖(CTS)/海藻酸钠(SA)复合凝胶,研究其对铜离子(Cu~(2+))的吸附性能,并采用FT-IR对其结构进行表征。进一步研究了复合凝胶对Cu~(2+)的等温吸附平衡曲线及动力学吸附行为。结果表明:CTS/SA复合凝胶对Cu~(2+)的吸附率最高可达99.06%,吸附过程遵循Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附过程动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。复合凝胶可再生使用,再生5次后,吸附率仍高于95%。     

pH敏感性葡萄糖印迹微凝胶的制备与性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用分散聚合法合成了平均粒径约31.0μm的pH敏感性葡萄糖印迹微凝胶,研究了模板分子/功能单体摩尔比、交联剂用量和引发剂用量对印迹微凝胶葡萄糖吸附性能的影响,考察了印迹微凝胶对葡萄糖与果糖的选择吸附性,并进行了Scatchard模型分析。结果表明:各因素对印迹微凝胶葡萄糖吸附性能的影响类似,微凝胶对葡萄糖的吸附量均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,制备的印迹微凝胶对葡萄糖具有选择吸附性,Scatchard模型分析表明印迹微凝胶存在两种不同的结合位点。     

2,4,6-三硝基甲苯磁性分子印迹聚合物的合成

以2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)为模板分子、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体、正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,采用溶胶凝胶法成功制备了对TNT具有特异选择识别功能的磁性分子印迹聚合物。合成制备的磁性分子印迹聚合物具有良好的磁响应性,在外加磁场下可实现快速分离。红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜结果证实聚合物为核壳结构,磁性粒子由硅烷偶联剂完全包覆,并在其表面形成了一层分子印记聚合物;静态吸附实验结果表明,制备的磁性分子印迹聚合物对模板分子TNT具有良好的吸附能力,其饱和吸附量为77mmol/kg;通过以3,4-二硝基甲苯(DNT),为结构相似物的吸附选择性实验,磁性印迹聚合物对模板分子表现出良好的特异选择性。     

基于1-乙烯基-3-甲基咪唑的牛血清白蛋白分子印迹研究

采用分子印迹技术,以氧化石墨烯为基质,牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin,BSA)为模板分子,1-乙烯基-3-甲基咪唑与丙烯酰胺为功能单体,N,N`-亚甲基双丙酰胺为交联剂,制备出分子印迹聚合物,并优化了该印记聚合物的合成条件和吸附条件;并对其动力学吸附性能、等温吸附性能等进行了评价。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.