江西大余某钨锡尾矿云母、长石和石英分离研究

针对江西大余某钨锡多金属矿非金属矿物含量高的特点,以其选矿厂钨锡尾矿为研究对象,试验以硫酸作调整剂,十二胺作捕收剂浮选云母;浮云母尾矿以氢氟酸为调整剂,十二胺为捕收剂浮选长石,浮选长石尾矿即为石英精矿,实现了云母、长石、石英的分离。开路试验获得的云母精矿中Al_2O_3含量为21.54%,SiO_2含量为57.62%,K_2O含量为7.69%,产率为31.17%;长石精矿K_2O+Na_2O品位为13.02%,产率为12.44%,石英精矿SiO_2品位为99.31%,产率为37.60%。云母、长石、石英精矿品质均达到了建材原料使用标准,实现了资源的综合利用。     

大埔洋子湖矿山高岭土选矿工艺

以大埔洋子湖矿山高岭土原矿为研究对象,通过选矿试验,确定了合理的选矿工艺。原矿除砂试验后精矿产率为33.57%,SiO2含量由69.48%降低到51.08%,Al2O3含量由20.27%提高到32.13%。对精矿进行除铁增白,使Fe2O3含量由1.38%降低到0.66%,烧成白度由66.7%提高至86.1%。经过选矿后的高岭土产品达到陶瓷用高岭土TC-2级国家标准。高岭土选矿中产生的尾矿经过进一步选矿,可使其K2O+Na2O含量由6.33%提高到7.22%,Fe2O3含量由0.59%降低到0.13%,可作为长石原料应用于陶瓷工业。     

花岗岩板材加工废料资源化利用研究

对某Na2O+K2O、Fe2O3含量分别为6.65%、1.28%的花岗岩板材加工废料进行综合利用,采用"中磁—强磁"除铁后,可将混合矿Fe2O3含量降低至0.08%。对于磁选尾矿,在酸性条件下采用十二胺作为捕收剂进行长石与石英浮选分离,经"一粗一扫一精"浮选流程可获得组分Fe2O3含量为0.07%、Na2O+K2O含量为11.19%的长石精矿,同时获得Fe2O3含量为0.04%、SiO2含量为99.29%的石英尾矿,可实现该花岗岩板材加工废料资源化利用。     

从蓝晶石尾矿中精选长石的试验研究

针对邢台魏鲁地区蓝晶石尾矿中长石含量较高,铁品位为0.98%,采用强磁-浮选提纯方法进行了除铁试验研究,得到长石精矿的Fe2O3含量降为0.09%。     

吉林某球粘土含砂尾矿综合利用探索试验研究（5月增刊）

对吉林某球粘土含砂尾矿开展了尾矿性质、尾矿中粘土类矿物的回收、尾矿中粗砂的综合利用探索试验研究。尾矿性质研究结果表明,含砂尾矿主要化学成分及含量为：SiO282.95%、Al2O38.46%、K2O3.33%、Na2O1.27%;主要矿物组成为石英、长石和少量粘土类矿物,石英含量为66.9%、长石含量为29.1%、粘土类矿物含量为4.0%。采用筛分、旋流器及摇床进行了含砂尾矿中粘土类矿物的回收,获得的粘土类矿物SiO2含量为60.28%、Al2O3含量为20.22%、Fe2O3含量为4.47%,其SiO2含量、Al2O3含量达到企业标准Ⅲ级品球粘土的要求,但Fe2O3含量偏高。对该含砂尾矿进行湿式筛分,其+0.15mm粗粒级可以作为建筑用砂,用于建筑工程中混凝土及其制品、普通砂浆用砂,其-0.15mm细粒级含砂尾矿可以作为制备陶瓷墙地砖产品的原料。     

河南某钾长石选矿中间试验研究

河南某钾长石矿中Fe2O3含量为1.54%,K2O、Na2O含量分别为3.84%和4.69%,属低品质长石矿,需选矿除杂提质后才能得以有效利用。针对该长石矿资源,在实验室试验的基础上,制定了"原矿-破碎-磨矿-分级-脱泥-多道磁选-浓缩脱水-烘干-尾矿干排"的工艺路线。通过中间试验调试,获得了长石精矿铁含量0.101%,烧成白度68.5%的良好指标,并初步建成年处理量10万t钾长石综合利用示范工程,显著提高了长石矿资源利用率及综合回收率。     

从选钼尾矿中回收制钾肥长石选矿试验研究

黑龙江某大型钼矿选钼尾矿K2O品位为6.91%,Na2O品位为1.79%,经过试验研究采用脱泥-浮选除杂-长石浮选-强磁选除杂的工艺流程,选钼尾矿脱泥后采用油酸钠浮选除杂,然后添加硫酸调整pH值至3.6,采用BK440作长石捕收剂浮选分离长石与石英,长石浮选精矿在15000kA/m场强下脱除磁性矿物,获得长石精矿K2O品位为11.54%, Na2O品位为2.51%,K2O回收率为47.73%;Na2O回收率为40.30%。长石精矿达到制钾肥钾长石质量标准。     

从某稀有金属尾矿中回收长石的试验研究

本文分析了某稀有金属尾矿的矿物组成、粒度组成以及矿物之间的相互嵌布关系。根据尾矿性质,考察了工艺流程,磨矿细度,阴阳离子混合捕收剂的筛选、配比以及用量等条件对长石石英分选效果的影响。最终,采用自行研制的阴离子捕收剂EZ-2和十二胺,应用硫酸法分离长石和石英,得到含Al2O317.12%、K2O3.27%、Na2O8.26、Fe2O30.11%的长石精矿及含SiO296.07%、Fe2O30.02%的石英砂,实现了尾矿的高效利用。同时,捕收剂EZ-2也展现了良好的捕收性能,拓宽了其应用领域。     

某选钼尾矿性质及长石综合利用试验研究

以某选钼尾矿为原料,对其进行综合回收长石及应用试验研究。结果表明,采用“铁矿物磁选-硫化矿浮选-云母浮选-长石、石英浮选分离”工艺对K2O与Na2O合量为7.01%的选钼尾矿进行扩大试验,获得K2O与Na2O合量为13.06%的长石精矿;该精矿产品符合日用陶瓷用长石（QB/T 1636-1992）的要求,适合在陶瓷行业应用。     

锂辉石浮选尾矿中长石和石英浮选分离

对某地锂辉石浮选尾矿进行长石和石英浮选分离试验,探索了无氟有酸法和有氟有酸法2种浮选工艺.氢氟酸法进行了搅拌擦洗时间、氢氟酸用量、十二胺用量和浮选时间等条件试验,在条件试验的基础上,依次进行了长石浮选开路试验和闭路试验.结果表明,通过“1粗2扫1精”闭路流程试验,可获得K2O、Na2O品位分别为4.13%、7.46%,回收率分别为98.03%、98.42%的长石精矿.对产品进行质量检查,长石精矿、石英精矿(长石浮选尾矿)均达到工业要求,实现了锂辉石浮选尾矿综合利用的目的.     

Recovery of feldspar from trachyte by flotation

In this study, recovery of feldspar from trachyte by flotation was studied. A feldspar concentrate containing 5.72% K₂O, 5.33% Na₂O, 0.321% Fe₂O₃ and 0.080% TiO₂ was obtained from a feed containing 5.20% K₂O, 3.37% Na₂O, 1.778% Fe₂O₃ and 0.253% TiO₂ with an overall recovery of 22.4% by weight.     

Mechanical enrichment of converted spodumene by selective sieving

Spodumene ore can be concentrated in large particle size of 1–6 mm by a dense media separation (DMS) process. The concentrate typically contains relatively large amounts of impurities due to the incomplete liberation of spodumene and the quite narrow density difference between spodumene and gangue minerals. The extraction of lithium from spodumene requires the phase transformation of spodumene from α- to β-form which takes place at 1100 °C. After heat treatment the Li₂O content of spodumene concentrate can be improved by particle size separation. In this work the technical and economical possibilities of producing first low grade concentrates by DMS method and increasing the grade afterwards by particle size separation were studied. Various DMS spodumene concentrates were mechanically enriched after heat treatment by selective sieving. Autogenous and ball mill grinding were used to increase the separation efficiency between the spodumene and the gangue minerals. The Li₂O contents of the concentrates were increased from 5.1%, 3.6%, 3.1% and 1.4% to 6.8%, 5.8%, 5.9% and 5.0%, respectively. The energy economy of the sieving method was evaluated from the perspective of increased energy consumption in the heat treatment process.     

某中低品位钾长石无氟浮选试验研究

采用无氟浮选工艺对低品位钾长石矿进行了浮选试验研究,试验结果表明,采用磨矿-沉降脱泥-一粗一精-强磁选的选矿工艺流程,在磨矿细度为-0.074mm含量占50%,粗选pH为4,油胺与石油磺酸钠用量分别为800g/t、1600g/t时,可获得产率59%,K2O+Na2O品位为12.55%的长石产品,同时可获得产率为19.94%,SiO2品位为97.12%石英产品。此选矿工艺为该长石资源的综合利用提供了参考。     

铜磷钎料热加工过程表观变色机理研究

针对铜磷钎料热挤压酸洗后表面出现的色差现象,以未酸洗BCu93P铜磷焊丝为研究对象,对焊丝截面分别进行XRD、SEM、EDS等分析,对焊丝表面进行XPS测试.XRD分析表明,钎料内部合金主要由Cu和Cu3P两相组成.SEM和EDS分析表明,钎料内部(Cu+Cu3P)共晶组织分布均匀,无元素偏析.钎料内部主要为Cu和P两...     

澳洲某锂辉石选矿试验研究及生产实践

国内多家锂辉石选矿厂处理澳洲某锂辉石矿,由于生产工艺和药剂制度的限制,锂精矿的品位和回收率均不高,造成极大的资源浪费。因此,对该进口的澳洲锂辉石矿进行选矿试验研究具有十分重要的现实意义。通过对澳洲进口的锂辉石矿进行X荧光半定量分析、偏光显微分析,结果表明:该锂辉石矿原矿中Li_2O的含量为1.22%,锂主要以锂辉石和锂云母形式赋存,脉石矿物主要为石英、长石等。经过选矿试验研究,确定了预先脱泥、HP作捕收剂、正交试验得到Na OH、Na_2CO_3、CaCl_2用量的优水平组合,经一次粗选两次精选两次扫选、扫选Ⅰ中矿返回精选Ⅰ,最终得到了锂精矿品位为5.86%,回收率为75.27%。同时,对进口该锂辉石矿的某企业选矿厂进行现场调试与工艺改造,使得锂精矿Li_2O的品位在4.5%以上,回收率在70%以上,年增经济效益为4 500万元。     

Production of apatite concentrate from fine-grain carbonate-silicate technogenic sands

The Kovdorsky GOK JSC increases the production of apatite concentrates by involving fine-grain sands with 10.3–10.5 % P₂O₅ content from waste piles into the processing flow. The new process and flotationagent mode were developed to produce apatite concentrate with 38.3 % P₂O₅ content from fine sands with 60–70 % content of ?0.071 mm fraction at the recovery as high as 60% P₂O₅.     

Understanding the influence of acidic components (Si,Al, and Ti) on ash flow temperature of South African coal sources

Ash flow temperature is one property that specifically gives more information on the suitability of a coal source for combustion or gasification purposes. Therefore the chemistry and mineral interaction have to be understood in order to determine the suitability for fixed bed gasification purposes with regards to ash flow properties. Various authors ([Seggiani, M., 1999. Empirical correlations of the ash flow temperatures and temperature of critical viscosity for coal and biomass ashes. Fuel 78, 1121; Alpern, B., Nahuys, J., Martinez, L., 1984. Mineral matter in ashy and non-washable coals—its influence on chemical properties. Commun. Serv. Geol. Portugal 70 (2), 299]) have expressed the fusibility of coal ash as a function of the content of the principal oxides frequently found in coal ash, i.e. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, Na₂O and K₂O. However, coal ash fusibility characteristics are difficult to determine precisely, partly because coal ash contains many components with different chemical behaviours, and may very from coal source to coal source.The purpose of this study is primarily to understand the effect and chemistry of the acidic components (Si, Al and Ti) of South African coal sources, as well as the manipulation or addition of these components to the coal sources, with the view to understand their effect on the ash flow properties.A representative coal blend as it is currently used for gasification purposes, as well as coal mixtures with the addition of pure SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, respectively, were prepared. The variation of the acidic components SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ varied from 1 mass% to 50 mass% to the coal blend. The particle size of the samples were representatively prepared to <1 mm and analyzed for ash flow temperature and ash composition as dependant variables according to ASTM D1857-87 and ASTM D2795-95, respectively. The raw data was then statistically evaluated by means of regression models.Results of the statistical evaluation of ash flow temperature and the ash elemental composition indicated that based on the 95% confidence interval Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, P₂O₅, as well as the SiO₂–Al₂O₃ ratio have a statistical significant effect on ash flow temperature. Regression trends of the coal and Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂ mixtures indicated that Al₂O₃ has the biggest effect on the ash flow temperature. A shift towards increasing the Al₂O₃ concentration has a significant increasing effect on the ash flow temperature in the three-component system Al₂O₃–SiO₂–TiO₂ phase diagram. The ash flow temperature is the highest at the point where the Al₂O₃ concentration is maximized. The shifts in frequency of the absorption band associated with the 6s–6p electron transaction which relates to the basicity of a glass or slag also relates to the different effect of the individual acidic components on ash flow temperature. The shift can be considered as a measure of the electron donor power and is usually expressed in terms of the optical (Λ) basicity. The ion–oxygen attraction and the stronger (more positive) value obtained for Al₂O₃ in comparison with TiO₂ and SiO₂ could be seen; and possibly explain why Al₂O₃ has a bigger influence and effect on increasing the ash flow temperature.It can be concluded from this experimental work with the emphasis on flow properties, that the acidic components Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and TiO₂ all have an increasing effect on ash flow temperature when added to the coal blends currently used for gasification. In addition to this general conclusion, it has also been confirmed that Al₂O₃ addition to the coal blend has the most significant effect towards increasing the ash flow temperature when compared to SiO₂ and TiO₂.     

Acid leaching of metals from deep-sea manganese nodules – A critical review of fundamentals and applications

The mass% metal composition of deep sea nodules ranges from 10–28% Mn, 4–16% Fe, 0.3–1.6% Ni, 0.02–0.4% Co, and 0.1–1.8% Cu in mixed oxide matrices with alumina and silica. The concentrations of base metal ions in sea water of pH ∼ 8 of the order 10⁻³–10² nmol/kg are shown to be dependent on the solubility products (K_SP) of carbonate sediments. Cations of higher softness have higher pK_SP and lower solubility. Previously reported leach results of nodules in H₂SO₄ and HCl under atmospheric pressure and temperatures in the range 30–90 °C and in the absence or presence of SO₂, Na₂SO₃, NaCl and CaCl₂ are used in the present study to compare, contrast and rationalise the leaching behaviour of metal values. Leach efficiency of metals increases with increasing acid concentration, and Cu(II) and Zn(II) follow the same trend in HCl. Potential–pH diagrams of base metal oxides show a higher stability of mixed metal oxides such as ferrites, magnetite and manganite, which causes partial dissolution of high-valent oxides in the absence of reducing agents. Application of a shrinking core kinetic model in both H₂SO₄ and HCl media predicts a proton diffusivity of ∼ 10⁻¹¹ cm² s⁻¹ for the dissolution of Ni from nodules. This value is of the same order as D_H⁺ for the high pressure acid leaching of Ni from limonitic laterite. A linear correlation between leaching efficiencies of Fe and Ni appears to be a result of co-dissolution of these metals from NiO·Fe₂O₃ or NiFeOOH. The first order dependence of initial dissolution rates of Cu(II) with respect to H⁺ concentration in H₂SO₄, and the beneficial effect of background chloride ions, suggests a dissolution mechanism: CuO → Cu(OH)Cl_ads/aq → CuSO₄. The Cu(II) ions in solution can also affect Ni(II) dissolution from oxide by cation exchange mechanism. The presence of SO₂ or Na₂SO₃ as reducing agents facilitates the acid leaching of high-valent oxides of Mn and Co and other metals incorporated in the mixed oxide matrix. Whilst Fe(II) ions formed during the reductive leaching of Fe(III)-oxides accelerate the dissolution of Mn(III)/(IV) oxides, the resultant Mn(II) ions accelerate the dissolution of high-valent Co-oxides. Leaching efficiency in HCl increases with temperature. As for the SO₂/H₂O system thermodynamic calculations predict a decrease in concentration of H⁺ and at high temperatures, which retards leaching efficiency. The SO₂/H₂O/air leach system enhances metal dissolution due to the production of H₂SO₄ via the transition metal catalysed oxidation of SO₂ to H₂SO₄.     

Combined application of different collectors in the floatation concentration of Turkish feldspars

The application of different cation collectors in the floatation concentration of feldspar has been investigated. Raw material (Kaltun Mining Co.) from Cine, Aydin in Turkey was used. The results showed that for floatation of feldspars, combined application of AERO 3030C and AERO 801 + AERO 825, performed better than the application of these collectors alone. They were more selective, and with their application a higher mass recovery of feldspar was obtained. However, the chemical compositions of the feldspar concentrates were not significantly different no matter which of these reagents was used. A higher quality of feldspar concentrate: 67.06% SiO₂; 19.49% Al₂O₃; 0.018% Fe₂O₃; 0.135% TiO₂; 0.98% CaO; 0.02% MgO; 11.02% Na₂O; 0.22% K₂O; 0.02% P₂O₅ was obtained when a combination of these collectors was applied.