生物炭协同微生物矿化技术修复复合重金属污染农田土壤北大核心

以复合重金属污染农田土壤为研究对象,采用生物炭协同微生物矿化修复技术修复复合重金属污染农田土壤。通过调查污染区重金属含量及营养指标分布情况,验证生物炭协同微生物矿化修复技术对复合形态的Pb、Zn、Cd三种重金属的固定效率,同时采取添加钙组和不添加钙的实验方式,解析Ca和Cd竞争成核位点的机制。结果表明:污染区属于Pb、Zn、Cd三种重金属复合污染场地,且土壤养分含量N、P、K等级分布不均匀。处理组较空白组重金属Pb、Zn、Cd的浸出率分别降低了42.49%、45.95%、30.43%,重金属Pb、Cd的可交换态分别下降了25.06%、26.42%,显著降低了土壤中重金属的迁移转化。且生物炭协同微生物矿化修复技术可有效改善土壤的物理结构,导气性及导水性升高,降低土壤容重,同时提升了土壤氮磷钾、有机质等营养指标。该研究为复合重金属污染农田土壤规模化治理提供了科学依据和理论参考。     

油泥热解渣对铅渣中As、Zn、Pb和Cd的同步稳定化

针对云南省个旧市泗水庄片区铅冶炼渣As、Zn、Pb和Cd等重金属污染的问题,利用油泥热解渣对其进行稳定化处理以降低这些重金属的浸出毒性。热解渣是一种含有大量纳米FeS、Fe_1-xS、CaS等的炭质复合材料,具有稳定化铅渣中重金属的潜能。研究表明,铅渣中的重金属As、Zn、Pb和Cd可高效、同步吸附在热解渣表面,降低铅渣中这些重金属的浸出毒性。当热解渣用量为4%、液固比为10:100时,铅渣中As、Zn、Pb和Cd的浸出浓度可从0.7202、3.5120、0.3800和0.0456 mg/L分别降低至0.0714、0.1668、0.0262和0.0038 mg/L,低于地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838—2002）中Ⅳ级限值。铅渣中As、Zn、Pb和Cd浸出浓度的降低是因为铅渣中的As与热解渣表面的Ca2+、Fe2+反应就地生成了稳定的砷酸钙和砷酸亚铁,铅渣中Zn2+、Pb2+和Cd2+与热解渣表面的S2-反应就地生成了稳定的ZnS、PbS和CdS,从而提高了铅渣中As、Zn、Pb和Cd的稳定性。      

模拟酸雨条件下铅锌矿区土壤重金属的淋溶特征及其生物炭稳定化

为揭示铅锌矿区土壤重金属在酸雨淋溶条件下的释放特征及其生物炭稳定化效果,通过土柱淋溶试验对比研究了未添加生物炭土壤、添加水稻秸秆生物炭以及玉米秸秆生物炭土壤淋出液理化性质和Pb、Zn、Cd及As的淋出特征,并重点分析了2种生物炭对重金属的稳定化效果。结果表明：铅锌矿区土壤对酸具有较强的缓冲能力,淋出液pH值在6.5～8.3之间,而碱性生物炭的添加对淋出液pH影响不明显,但其显著提高了淋溶初期的EC和TDS;添加不同种类生物炭对Pb、Zn、Cd和As淋出影响不同,玉米秸秆生物炭的添加显著降低了淋出液Pb的含量,其累积流出量降低49.11%,但对Cd和Zn的释放有明显的促进作用;而水稻秸秆生物炭加速了土壤中Pb的释放,对Zn、Cd的影响不明显;2种生物炭对土壤As都起到活化作用。     

人为Pb,Cd污染条件下土壤磁性与重金属关系

该研究通过对昆明呈贡区某一实验样地人为添加Pb、Cd污染,将其分为未添加Pb、Cd和分别添加Cd、Pb三组,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行污染评价,结果显示研究区存在一定程度的土壤重金属污染问题,人为活动是主要污染原因。同时利用Pearson相关和主成分分析方法探讨人为Pb,Cd污染条件下土壤磁性参数(χ_lf、χ_fd、ARM、SIRM)与土壤重金属(Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Cu、Fe、Zn、Al₂O₃)之间的关系。研究结果表明：研究区土壤人为添加Pb时,磁参数与重金属之间的关系影响不大,而人为添加Cd时,磁参数与重金属之间的相关性有所变化,除重金属Cu、Zn一直与磁参数具有相关性,其他重金属元素要么一直与磁参数不相关,要么两者关系均有所改变。     

基于国内两种标准比较磷酸钠与磷酸二氢钠对铅污染土壤的稳定化效果

为比较磷酸钠与磷酸二氢钠对铅污染土壤的稳定化效果,本研究采用了国内两种标准方法—《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法 水平振荡法》(HJ 557-2010)和《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法 醋酸缓冲溶液法》(HJT 300-2007)浸提不同添加比例(P:Pb=3:1、P:Pb=8:1 (摩尔比))、不同培养时间(7天、20天、30天)条件下磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠稳定的两种(HN、YN)铅污染土壤。醋酸缓冲溶液法浸提结果表明,磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠对土壤中铅具有良好的稳定化效果,培养至第30天时,添加磷酸钠且P:Pb=8:1时,与对照组相比,可提取态铅浓度降低了96.8%。水平振荡法浸提结果表明,相较于对照组,添加磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠使土壤中可提取态铅浓度增加,且磷酸钠各添加比例在YN、HN组的水平振荡法可提取态铅浓度均比磷酸二氢钠各添加比例的浓度高。培养至第30天时,添加磷酸钠且P:Pb=8:1时,可提取态铅浓度达3.72mg/L。在本试验研究条件下,两种浸提方法在7-30天内可提取态铅浓度趋势不同,醋酸缓冲溶液法可提取态铅浓度呈降低趋势,而水平振荡法可提取态铅浓度呈上升趋势。添加磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠使得土壤中水平振荡法提取态铅浓度增加,对重金属铅污染土壤具有一定风险性,且磷酸钠作为土壤铅污染修复剂比磷酸二氢钠风险高。     

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀对土壤中Pb污染稳定化的效果研究

为研究微生物修复在土壤中的适用情况,以实验室模拟巴氏芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pasteuris）诱导碳酸钙共沉淀（Microbilly induced calcite precipitation,MICP）稳定化土壤中的Pb。结果表明,采用MICP技术对土壤pH值、电导率及有机物含量等基础理化性质有很大的影响。土壤中 Pb的浸出率最高下降76.34%,重金属Pb有效态的比例下降了41.64%,Pb的碳酸盐结合态的含量最高升高13.24%。同时通过SEM和XRD分析,可以观察到土壤中Pb与碳酸钙共沉淀附着在土壤颗粒表面而被固定下来。因此,MICP技术是一种具有应用前景的土壤中Pb污染的修复技术方法。     

土壤PH值对重金属形态的影响及其相关性研究

为了研究土壤pH值与土壤重金属形态的相关性,通过重金属污染土壤中添加海泡石,进行了土壤重金属形态的分析及土壤pH值与土壤重金属形态的相关性研究。分析结果表明:添加海泡石可明显提高土壤pH值,降低重金属的可交换态浓度,使可交换态重金属转化为其他形态。土壤中可交换态重金属Cd、Zn、Pb浓度与土壤的pH值均呈显著负相关。除了土壤中Zn的铁锰氧化态和有机物结合态以外,Cd、Zn、Pb的碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态、有机物结合态和残渣态浓度均与土壤的pH值呈显著正相关。植物体内重金属浓度与土壤pH值之间存在显著的负相关。研究表明海泡石可显著改变土壤pH值及土壤重金属的形态,并且重金属形态与土壤pH值存在显著的相关性。     

柿竹园矿区及周边农田土壤重金属形态分布与生物有效性研究

为了解柿竹园矿区及周边农田土壤重金属的生物有效性,采用连续提取法对该矿区及周边的农田土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg的形态分布和生物有效性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)柿竹园矿区及周边农田土壤未见Hg污染情况,但不同程度受到Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As的污染,尤以Cd、As污染为重;(2)柿竹园矿区及周边农田土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,分别占其总量的48.3%、67.3%、47.1%,Cd铁锰氧化物结合态含量最高,残渣态、离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态次之;As和Hg以残渣态为主,含量比例在90%以上;(3)矿区及周边土壤中Cd的有效态含量最高,所占比例平均值为31.1%,远高于其他5种重金属元素,生物有效性最高,As的有效态含量最低,生物有效性最低。最后提出了采用稳定化修复技术清理污染源、采用磷酸二氢钙降低土壤中污染最严重元素Pb、Cd的生物有效性、采用香蒲等植物对工矿废弃地及部分未利用土地进行修复的建议。     

陕西蒿坪石煤矿区重金属污染及生态风险评价

石煤矿区开采会引起矿区及周边土壤、水体重金属污染。对陕西蒿坪石煤矿石煤及周边土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb进行了测定,并对石煤进行了浸出毒性试验,运用地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数评价了矿区土壤重金属污染程度及潜在生态风险。结果表明,石煤中Cr、Cd、Zn含量高于中国煤和世界煤,而Pb和Cu含量与中国煤和世界煤接近。5种重金属元素浸出毒性虽然低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》的浓度限值,但均超过了《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准。安康蒿坪石煤矿区土壤Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb含量均超过陕西土壤背景值,矿区土壤重金属处于轻度污染水平,综合生态危害轻微。矿区土壤中Cd含量超过了《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中规定的风险筛选值,潜在生态风险较大,应防控该矿区土壤中Cd污染。      

某工业园周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价

为探究某工业园周边农田土壤重金属污染及潜在风险状况,系统采集了园区周边农田15个表层土壤,通过测定土壤的pH及重金属Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni,并借助Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析等分析方法,及内梅罗指数法及Hakanson潜在风险评价指数法等评价方法,进一步揭示重金属的污染特征及潜在风险。研究结果表明：Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd的平均含量超过了我国农用地风险筛选值,Cd的平均含量甚至超过管制值,该地区土壤已不适合作为农用地用途;距离工业区较近的土壤中重金属浓度较高,研究区土壤中重金属污染来源与工业园关系密切;内梅罗综合指数污染法评价表明所有采样点的土壤均为重度污染,各金属元素的潜在风险指数从大到小依次为Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn,其中Cd是对潜在生态风险指数贡献最大的金属元素。人体健康风险评估表明,Pb、V和As对人体造成非致癌风险的很显著,As存在很大可能的致癌风险。周边工矿活动等人为活动对土壤的重金属贡献份额达71.99%,自然源贡献为17.06%。整体来看,研究区土壤呈现极高生态风险水平,应当对该区域土壤污染采取一定的调控措施。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.