The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Modernization of the cat cracker in the GK-3 complex. Second stage

Reconstruction of the reactor unit (RU) on the cat cracker in the GK-3 complex at Angarsk Refinery is being carried out in three stages. The first was conducted in 1993–1994, the second in 1998–1999, and the third stage will be executed in 2000 – 2001. A. I. Elshin, B. Z. Solyar, L. Sh. Glazov, et al,Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, No. 3, 11 – 16 (1995). Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 29 – 33, May – June, 2000.     

Electrochemical regeneration of used caustic solutions

Straight-run naphtha cuts are alkalized with 8–12% solutions of caustic soda to neutralize the acid and organosulfur compounds in them. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 49–51, May–June, 2000.     

Effect of the disperse phase on high-temperature oxidation of motor oils

Dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Gennadievich Gorodetskii — friend and associate who totally shared my views. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 30 – 31, November – December, 1999.     

Upgrading naphtha fractions from heavy petroleum residues

In the strategic program for growth of energy supplies of the Russian Federation in the years up to 2010, the target for 1997 is an increase of the depth of crude oil processing to 72–75%, and further increases to the level of 82–85% by 2005. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 12–13, July–August, 1997.     

Decant-oil coking gasoils for production of industrial carbon

The properties of initial and high-end-point heavy catalytic gasoils from the 43–107 unit were investigated as feedstock for production of needle coke and industrial carbon. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39–41, July–August, 2007.     

The new generation of reagents for oil and gas production processes

The creation of environmentally and economically efficient products has been a major direction of scientific and practical developments in recent years [1 – 6]. Domestic and foreign experience shows that such products include reagents containing two and more ingredients which enter into physicochemical reactions and have the required operating characteristics in low concentrations [2 – 7]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 22 – 24, March – April, 2000.     

Control system for reforming process with continuous catalyst regeneration

Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 27–28, September–October, 1996.     

Industrial methods of sulfurization and regeneration of finely granulated hydrotreating catalysts

Automotive gasolines and diesel fuels with improved environmental characteristics are produced at hydrotreating plants using finely granulated catalysts fabricated by impregnation technology, particularly series GP and GKD developed at the All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute on Petroleum Refining [1–4]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 12 – 14, November – December, 1999.     

Natural and associated gas as motor fuel

Automotive transport is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution in cities and densely populated regions. It is responsible for 40–50% of total emissions of toxic products into the atmosphere, primarily carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and soot. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3 – 7, November – December, 1999.     

An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Selective treatment of vacuum distillates in an electrical field

An electric separator was used on the phenol treatment unit for preparing feedstock for the extraction column-West Siberian crude vacuum distillates. The treated feedstock has a lower refractive index at 50°C by 0.0035–0.0045 and the color is 1–2 CST units lower in comparison to the initial feedstock. This allowed increasing the quality of the raffinate taken off the unit. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 12–14, May–June, 2006.     

News in asphalt production technology

Many specific factors have an important effect on the state and development of asphalt production in Russia. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 49 – 51, March – April, 2000.     

Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Oligomeric accelerant of oxidation of heavy pyrolysis resin

To increase the yield of coke, heavy pyrolysis resin underwent preliminary thermal oxidative thickening. The process lasted for 15–20 h. To reduce the duration of the process, it is suggested that an oxidation “ accelerant” be added to the feedstock-an oligomer based on the dienes contained in the pyrolytic condensate. As a result, the oxidation time is almost halved. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 44–45, May–June, 2006.     

Extraction of Benzene from Aqueous Solutions with Sorbonaft with Zeolite Additives

The possibility of modifying an organomineral sorbent with zeolite additives to decrease the sorption time of hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 61 – 62, September – October, 2005.     

Petroleum crudes and products — Soil pollutants. Attempted classification based on biodegradation

In the territory of Tatarstan with a high concentration of oilfields and pipelines, their intensive use does not preclude possible blowouts and spills (during transport, processing operations, in accidents) and consequently a negative effect on the soil, surface and underground waters, and air of populated areas [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 37 – 43, September – October, 1999.     

Electrode Pitches from Heavy Gasoil Pyrolysis Resins

Two versions of technology for production of petroleum pitches based on heavy resins from pyrolysis of gasoil cuts are examined. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 54 – 57, September – October, 2005.     

Influence of sulfur compounds on antiwear properties of diesel oils

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of individual sulfur compounds on the antiwear properties of diesel oils are reported. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 23 – 27, May – June, 2009.