Mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high-viscosity, high-sulfur crude oil

The possibility of increasing the light cut content during mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high— viscosity, high—sulfur crude oil was investigated. The new technology allows attaining a greater than 60 wt. % yield of motor fuels due to decomposition of resins and asphaltenes without expensive catalysts. The <350°C cut obtained can be used without hydrotreating for synthesis of environmentally safe motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 10–11, January–February, 2006.     

Technologies for production of components of modern automotive gasolines

A manufacturing complex for producing the components of contemporary automotive gasolines based on catalytic hydrocarbon fractions and using existing equipment was developed and is characterized by a low content of sulfur compounds, olefins, and high antiknock value. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 33–35, March–April, 2008.     

Motor oil for heavily loaded diesel engineering

A new motor oil — AZMOL GARANT M-4042 VT — was developed for two-and four-cycle heavy-duty, heavily loaded diesel engines. A distinctive feature of this oil is the complex zinc-and barium-containing additives of the dithiophosphate type it contains — MASMA-1606, which ensured high lubricant and antioxidant properties. The oil was approved for production and use after testing with positive results. Ukraine specifications were developed for the oil: TU U 23.2-00152365-229:2006. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 26–28, May–June, 2008.     

Lubricant based on used motor oil

A lubricant is proposed-an analog of transmission oil made from exhaustively treated used motor oil with addition of a thickener and a special additive package. The results of an evaluation of its physicochemical and some performance properties are reported. VIITiN __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 35–37, July–August, 2006.     

Medium-caustic sulfonate additive for motor oils. Based on alkyltetralin

Effective new additives, including sulfonate additives, are required for creating high-quality motor oils which meet the requirements of current and future technology [1]. We developed a medium-caustic synthetic sulfonate additive based on alkyltetralin. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 31 – 32, September – October, 1999.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Petroleum impregnating and protective materials for railroad cross ties

Almost all wood materials — for construction and repair of railroads, for the mining industry, for telephone and electric power poles — must be protected from rotting, that is preserved to increase the lifetime. The Russian economy is suffering enormous material losses because of the insufficiently serious attitude toward this problem. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8 – 9, September – October, 1999.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Deoiling of slack waxes using a pulsed crystallizer

A process was developed for deoiling of slack waxes with a pulsed crystallizer which proposes totally eliminating scraper crystallizers — regenerative and evaporative — from the process scheme. Exhaustively deoiled waxes are obtained with significantly simplified implementation of the process and reduced operating costs. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 8–9, September–October, 2008.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Kinetic aspects of deactivation of catalysts in prolonged use

A theoretical approach to the dynamic analysis of deactivation and aging of heterogeneous catalysts is proposed — analysis of the rate derivative in a kinetic equation of a given form. Methodology was demonstrated for the simplest kinetic equations — zero-and first-order. Regardless of the form of the kinetic equation for the dynamic model of deactivation, the rate constant is a function of an independent reaction coordinate. The method can also be used for solving reactivation problems and for explaining the dynamics of cation exchange in zeolite. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 3–34, January–February, 2006.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Membrane technology for processing of acid tars

A process for processing acid tars using membrane technology is proposed. Petroleum products are obtained as a result — lube oil, resin, solid fuel. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 46–47, November–December, 2007.     

Effect of the disperse phase on high-temperature oxidation of motor oils

Dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Gennadievich Gorodetskii — friend and associate who totally shared my views. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 30 – 31, November – December, 1999.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

Treatment of wastewaters in oil and gas plants

The oil and gas complex makes its own “contribution” to the negative effect on nature and society. The production activity of its enterprises on the current technological level is accompanied by intensive environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Crude oil is an environmental hazard both in production and processing and in shipment. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 55 – 56, March — April, 2000.