交联壳聚糖多孔微球吸附亮绿的研究

利用液体石蜡作有机分散介质,戊二醛作交联剂,制备了交联壳聚糖多孔微球,采用SEM对壳聚糖微球的形貌、大小进行了表征,研究交联壳聚糖微球对亮绿的吸附性能,探讨交联壳聚糖多孔微球用量、亮绿初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度的影响.结果表明,室温下,交联壳聚糖微球粒径为0.5～1.0 mm,亮绿初始浓度10 mg·L-1,pH=6,振摇30 min时,吸附量达1.22 mg·g-1;CODCr去除率达73%.亮绿初始浓度越大,吸附量越大,吸附速率越大;吸附剂用量越大,平衡吸附量越小,吸附速率越大.交联壳聚糖微球对亮绿具有很高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,再生重复使用,其脱色率仍达90%以上.等温吸附较好符合Freundlich方程.     

麸皮去除废水中Cr(VI)的实验研究

以麸皮为生物吸附剂,考察麸皮用量、废水pH、时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响。结果表明,麸皮作为生物吸附剂可有效去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),麸皮用量200 g/L,pH=2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5 mg/L,吸附240 min时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为99.31%。麸皮对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附过程接近准二级动力学方程,吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,饱和吸附量为55.44 mg/kg。     

4种触须式强碱性阴离子交换树脂的制备及其对曙红Y的吸附性能

以不同的大分子多糖为骨架材料,通过三步反应以触须式引入季铵基团,从而制得4种具有高通量的强碱性阴离子交换树脂:淀粉基树脂、微晶纤维素基树脂、纤维素微球基树脂及琼脂糖微球基树脂.研究树脂对曙红Y的吸附,探讨了时间、溶液pH值和染料初始浓度对染料去除率的影响.结果表明,4种树脂在pH值为1～12范围内对染料的去除效果稳定;5min内4种树脂基本都达到了吸附平衡,其中琼脂糖微球基树脂按1g/L投放时,在2min内即可将200mg/L的曙红Y完全去除;通过拟合得知,4种树脂的吸附动力学符合拟一级动力学方程,等温线符合Freundlich等温线方程.这4种树脂尤其是琼脂糖微球基树脂在吸附速率及吸附量上均具有较大优势,但4种树脂的原料成本不一,可根据需求选用不同的树脂.     

沼泽红假单胞菌对Zn^2＋的吸附性能研究

采用沼泽红假单胞菌为生物吸附剂,研究了锌离子初始浓度、pH值、吸附剂用量、菌龄、吸附时间等因素对沼泽红假单胞菌生物吸附模拟废水中锌的影响,探讨了吸附动力学特征。结果表明,沼泽红假单胞菌在Zn2＋初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、吸附剂用量0.5 g/L、菌龄32 h、pH=7、吸附时间80 min的条件下,对Zn2＋的吸附量为88.23 mg/g;其吸附行为可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程描述,但更符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。对Zn2＋的吸附过程符合二级动力学特征。     

酸性大红G的脱色处理

探讨了壳聚糖对酸性大红G的吸附脱色性能.试验了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂用量及溶液pH对酸性大红G去除率的影响.结果表明:在pH=6及常温条件下,当壳聚糖用量为6g/L时,对浓度为50mg/L的酸性大红G去除率为98%.     

酸性大红G的脱色处理

探讨了壳聚糖对酸性大红G的吸附脱色性能。试验了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂用量及溶液pH对酸性大红G去除率的影响。结果表明：在pH=6及常温条件下,当壳聚糖用量为6g／L时,对浓度为50mg／L的酸性大红G去除率为98％。     

微波法羧甲基壳聚糖制备及其对Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

在微波辐射下,以壳聚糖为原料,研究了碱用量、氯乙酸用量、反应温度和微波加热时间四个因素对羧甲基壳聚糖制备的影响。并将其用于对废水中Cu2+的吸附,考察了不同pH,羧甲基壳聚糖的用量,振荡时间及溶液中Cu2+初始浓度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明最佳合成羧甲基壳聚糖的工艺条件为1.0g壳聚糖,6.0mL30%氢氧化钠溶液,1.4g氯乙酸,反应θ为50℃,微波加热t为20 min。当溶液pH为5.45,羧甲基壳聚糖投加量为0.03 g,振荡t为1.5 h,Cu2+初始质量浓度为300 mg/L时,在此条件下羧甲基壳聚糖对Cu2+溶液的吸附量为177.83mg/g。     

沸石的交联壳聚糖改性及对腐殖酸的吸附研究

缩水甘油基三乙基氯化铵交联壳聚糖负载到沸石上,制得了交联壳聚糖改性沸石复合吸附剂。复合吸附剂的结构经热重和扫描电镜进行了表征;考察了吸附剂用量、腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附时间、pH值等对腐殖酸吸附效果的影响。结果表明:交联壳聚糖成功地对沸石进行了改性;复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附性能较沸石有显著提高;适宜的吸附条件是:吸附剂用量为2g/L,腐殖酸初始浓度不大于0.01kg/m3,吸附时间为150min,pH≈7,对腐殖酸的去除率为81.4%,最大吸附量为4.07mg/g。     

伊利石负载壳聚糖去除水中酸性大红3R的研究

以伊利石为原料制稀伊利石负载壳聚糖吸附剂,研究了吸附剂对酸性大红3R的吸附性能。考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附剂粒径、吸附时间对吸附的影响。结果表叫,壳聚糖负载量为0．6g,pU值为4,吸附剂用量为0．2g时,对酸性大红3R的吸附效果较好。吸附平衡时间为60min,饱和吸附,量为138．2mg·g^-1。     

壳聚糖微球的制备及其对酸性染料的吸附性能

以壳聚糖（CS）为原料、多聚磷酸钠（TPP）和环氧氯丙烷（ECH）为交联剂,采用滴加成球法制备得到改性壳聚糖微球。研究微球对模拟兰纳洒脱酱红B（ABB）和尼龙山黄N-3RL（NYN）两种酸性染料废水的吸附性能。在染料废水初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、体积为50 mL的条件下,微球对两种染料废水的最佳吸附条件：微球粒径为0.5 mm,加入量为20.0 mg,吸附时间为16 h,pH值为3,振荡速率为150 r/min,ABB废水温度为20℃,NYN废水温度为 30～50 ℃。在最佳的吸附条件下,微球对ABB和NYN的吸附与Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程均有很好的关联,最大吸附量分别达到714.29 mg/g和769.23 mg/g,比普通壳聚糖对两种染料的最大吸附量分别提高443.99 mg/g、102.53 mg/g。对吸附饱和后的壳聚糖微球,用0.01 mol/L的NaOH溶液进行解吸,再生率分别达到99.08%和99.35%,可以重复利用,节省脱色成本。     

Human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption with chitosan microspheres

In this study, chitosan microspheres were prepared and characterized for adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) as affinity sorbent. The chitosan microspheres were obtained with a “suspension crosslinking technique” in the size range of 30–700 μm by using a crosslinker, i.e., glutaraldehyde. The chitosan microspheres used in HSA adsorption studies were having the average size of 170 ± 81 μm. Adsorption medium pH and the initial HSA concentration in the adsorption medium were changed as 4.0–7.0 and 0.5–2.0 mg HSA/mL, respectively, to investigate the HSA adsorption capacity of chitosan microspheres. Maximum HSA adsorption (i.e., 11.35 mg HSA/g chitosan microspheres) was obtained at pH 5.0 and 1.5 mg HSA/mL of the initial HSA concentration in the adsorption medium was obtained as the saturation value for HSA adsorption. A very common dye ligand, i.e., Cibacron Blue F3GA was attached to the chitosan microspheres to increase the HSA adsorption capacity. Actually, the HSA adsorption capacity was increased up to 15.35 mg HSA/g chitosan microspheres in the case of Cibacron Blue F3GA attached to chitosan microspheres used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3035–3039, 2002     

Zeolite X/chitosan hybrid microspheres and their adsorption properties for Cu(II) ions in aqueous solutions

The preparation of zeolite X/chitosan (CS) hybrid microspheres for efficient removal of Cu(II) ions by an impregnation-gelation-hydrothermal synthesis technique is reported here. Characterizations by various techniques indicate that the microspheres show porous structures and intimate interaction between zeolite and CS. The adsorption experiments are performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of zeolite X/CS hybrid microspheres and comparisons are made with binderless zeolite X microspheres, pure CS microspheres and mechanical mixed zeolite X/CS microspheres. The effects of Cu(II) solution concentration and the pH are investigated. The results indicate that zeolite X/CS hybrid microspheres with the zeolite content of 60 wt% show the highest adsorption capacity, which is 90 mg/g at the initial Cu(II) concentration of 10 mg/L and 150.4 mg/g at Cu(II) concentration of 500 mg/L. The adsorption capacity increases with increasing initial pH and reaches a maximum at pH 5.5 in the range of 0–6.0. The equilibrium adsorption data are well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of 152.0 mg/g, and the kinetic data are well fitted with the pseudo-second-order equation. Complete removal of Cu(II) ions can be obtained even at very low concentrations. The microspheres show high adsorption capacity and efficiency for Cu(II) ions, exhibiting potential practical application in the treatment of water pollution of heavy metal ions.     

Response surface modeling,isotherm, thermodynamic and optimization study of arsenic (V) removal from aqueous solutions using modified bentonite-chitosan (MBC)

Arsenic contamination, a worldwide concern, has received a great deal of attention due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, we focused on the combined application of modified bentonite and chitosan (MBC) for the removal of As(V). Arsenic removal experiments were carried out to determine the amount of As(V) adsorbed as a function of pH (2-8), sorbent dosage (0.1-1.5 g/L), As(V) concentration (20-200mg/L) and time (60-240 min). The system was optimized by means of response surface methodology. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model demonstrated that the model was highly significant (R²≈97.3%). Optimized values of pH, sorbent dosage, initial As(V) concentration and time were found to be 3.7, 1.40 g/L, 69mg/L, and 167min, respectively. The results reveal that the prepared adsorbent has a high adsorption capacity (122.23mg/g) for As(V) removal. Among the isotherm models used, the Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit for the obtained data. The adsorption kinetics following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model was involved in the adsorption process of As(V). Thermodynamic studies confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic character of adsorption process.     

羟基磷灰石微球的制备及废水除氟性能评价

以壳聚糖为模板,通过反向乳液聚合制备得到羟基磷灰石微球（CTS-HAP）,在利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、红外光谱（FT-IR）对改性和吸附前后微球进行微观分析基础上,测定其在氟化钠溶液中的平衡吸附量为17.8 mg/g（吸附pH=4）,微球对氟离子吸附符合多层分子吸附模型——Freundlich模型。针对氟离子质量浓度为2 789.2 mg/L、pH为1.7的酸性高含氟废水,设计二阶段除氟。初步除氟阶段氢氧化钙用量为10 864 mg/L,剩余氟离子质量浓度为200.6 mg/L,去除率为92.81%;深度除氟采用CTS-HAP微球吸附法,CTS-HAP微球用量为24 g/L,去除率为95.2%,满足处理后废水氟离子浓度要求。     

PBMA/GMA-SiO2吸附剂的制备及其高效去除铅离子

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)功能化的纳米SiO2为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)法制备了PBMA/GMA-SiO2有机/无机复合吸附材料,并将其用于吸附含Pb2+的水溶液。考察了吸附时间、温度、pH以及Pb2+初始质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨。结果表明,PBMA/GMA-SiO2对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,其对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为423.84mg/g,吸附最佳pH=5~6,平衡时间为1 h,去除率随Pb2+初始质量浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下,50 mg吸附剂在298 K时,对pH=6的50 mL 0.02 g/L含Pb2+溶液的去除率高达100%。热力学和动力学过程模拟结果表明,吸附的动力学过程比较符合准二级动力学速率方程,Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述此吸附行为。颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤。吸附剂经过5次脱附、吸附后,依然具有较强吸附Pb2+的能力。     

焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝吸附脱除水中苯酚的研究

用层状氢氧化镁铝的焙烧产物吸附水中苯酚,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、温度、溶液pH值等条件对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,吸附主要发生在90min内,吸附量随着温度的升高而增加。溶液初始pH值对吸附影响较大,pH值在6～11范围内吸附效果较酸性时好。吸附符合Langmiur等温线,饱和吸附量为0.557mg/g。     

交联壳聚糖对废水中Cu2+的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为原料制备交联壳聚糖吸附剂,并将其用于吸附废水中的Cu2+,考察了交联剂的用量、溶液中Cu2+初始浓度、pH、温度和时间等对交联壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖与交联剂的用量比为m(壳聚糖)∶V(甲醛)∶V(戊二醛)=1.5g∶6mL∶4.5mL、溶液pH为6,溶液中Cu2+初始浓度为5mmol/L时吸附效果最佳,且吸附量随着温度升高而增加,吸附表现为吸热过程。     

Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions by a new chitosan/zeolite composite from shrimp waste: Kinetic and equilibrium study

The adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a new composite made up of shrimp waste chitosan and zeolite as adsorbent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of process variables, such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial MBD concentration on dye removal. The results showed that optimum conditions for removal of MBD were adsorbent dose of 2.5 g/L and pH of 9.0, and initial MBD concentration of 43.75 mg/L and contact time of 138.65 min. The initial concentration of dye had the greatest influence on MBD adsorption among other variables. The experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the Freundlich isotherm model indicated a good ability for describing equilibrium data. According to this isotherm model, maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was 24.5 mg/g. Desorption studies showed that the desorption process is favored at low pH under acidic conditions.     

Removal of copper(II) from an aqueous solution with copper(II)‐imprinted chitosan microspheres

Ion‐imprinted chitosan (CS) microspheres (MIPs) were prepared with Cu(II) as a template and epichlorohydrin as a crosslinker for the selective separation of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The microspheres showed a higher adsorption capacity and selectivity for the Cu(II) ions than nonimprinted chitosan microspheres (NMIPs) without a template. The results show that the adsorption of Cu(II) on the CS microspheres was affected by the initial pH value, initial Cu(II) concentration, and temperature. The kinetic parameters of the adsorption process indicated that the adsorption followed a second‐order adsorption process. Equilibrium experiments showed very good fits with the Langmuir isotherm equation for the monolayer adsorption process. The maximum sorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 201.66 mg/g for the Cu–MIPs and 189.51 mg/g for the NMIPs; these values were close to the experimental ones. The selectivity coefficients of Cu(II) and other metal ions on the NMIPs indicated a preference for Cu(II). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球吸附水中铜（Ⅱ）的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,以氢氧化钾溶液为碱激发剂,将二者按照优化配比（氧化钾与氧化铝物质的量比为1.5、水与氧化钠物质的量比为18）混合均匀后,采用悬浮固化法制备粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球,将微球用于吸附含铜废水中的铜（Ⅱ）。通过X射线衍射（XRD）仪、比表面积与孔径分析仪、BT-99型水质分析仪对微球进行了表征,探究了吸附时间、微球用量、吸附温度、铜（Ⅱ）溶液pH、铜（Ⅱ）溶液质量浓度等因素对微球吸附铜（Ⅱ）的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球较粉煤灰原料具有更大的孔径和比表面积,具有更好的对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附效果,在最优条件下[微球用量为0.20 g、溶液pH为5、铜（Ⅱ）初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、溶液体积为100 mL、吸附温度为40 ℃、吸附时间为24 h]微球对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附量为45.62 mg/g、去除率达到91.46%,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程。