国产300MW汽轮机4号轴承不稳定振动问题研究

在对国产300MW汽轮机低压转子与轴承系统的结构特点分析基础上,结合大量现场试验研究,分析了300MW汽轮机4号轴承不稳定振动的特点。主要从真空变化、轴封蒸汽参数变化以及负荷、轴承标高等的变化对4号轴承不稳定振动的影响加以分析,总结了引起4号轴承不稳定振动的原因,并提出了控制4号轴承不稳定振动的运行与维护措施。     

某国产50MW机组增容改造后轴系异常振动的故障诊断及治理

针对某国产50MW机组增容改造为60MW机组后轴系中1号瓦、2号瓦、4号瓦轴承异常振动的机理研究与分析，提出了该机组汽轮机轴承异常振动的原因是由于油膜轴承存在半速涡动，它是自激振动，而发电机转子4号轴承振动是由于发电机转子存在较大的不平衡量，它是强迫振动，针对轴系中存在的两种不同性质的振动提出了处理解决的途径，实践证明本文的分析及处理方法是行之有效的。     

汽轮机低压缸膨胀受阻导致的振动异常原因分析及处理

针对某330MW汽轮机大修后低压转子振动异常故障,根据低压缸结构,通过分析轴承振动故障特征,诊断出振动异常的原因是低压缸发生膨胀受阻、缸体变形故障。通过对低压转子进行精密动平衡,减小了转子激振力,消除了振动异常故障。     

300MW汽轮机随机振动的平衡控制

根据对一台国产300MW汽轮机不稳定随机振动的测量试验,分析轴承振动变化特征与故障影响因素,现场采用控制转子振型不平衡量的调整措施,取得了明显成效。     

600MW汽轮发电机组励磁机振动故障的诊断及处理

针对某电厂600MW机组进行通流改造后励磁机转子产生不稳定强迫振动的问题,描述了产生剧烈振动的现象及特点,对产生不稳定强迫振动的原因进行了分析并提出解决办法,现场通过降低励磁机轴承标高及现场高速动平衡处理后,消除了励磁机转子振动问题,机组恢复正常运行状态。     

300MW汽轮机轴承绝对标高测量装置的研究

引进型300MW汽轮机发电机组普遍存在低压缸轴承座刚度较差的问题，使得运行过程中机组轴承的绝对标高易于变化而导致机组振动增加。为此，现场往往需要精确地测出在运行时机组轴承绝对标高的变化以便准确地对机组进行异常振动故障诊断及正确地对机组进行调整、安装或维修。文章应用近代物理学中光学的干涉及微弱信号检测原理，设计了一套300MW汽轮机发电机组轴承标高测量装置，较精确地测量出轴承的绝对标高并利用计算机对标高进行现场实时统计、分析、记录。     

660MW核电汽轮机低频振动机理分析与治理

针对核电660MW汽轮机轴承低频振动问题,通过改变机组转速、功率及润滑油压等试验,分析了低频振动特征,指出转子轴向低频振动引起可倾瓦轴承低频振动。通过建立转子轴向约束简化模型,分析汽轮发电机转子轴向低频振动机理为推力轴承油膜失稳及轴向扰动力引起转子轴向低频共振,并与可倾瓦轴承油膜失稳及瓦块颤振两种故障模式进行了对比。对汽轮机转子轴向低频振动及其引起的可倾瓦轴承低频振动,提出调整推力轴承间隙的措施并消除了低频振动。     

大型核电汽轮机推力轴承油膜失稳振动研究

针对某些机型核电汽轮机出现轴向振动与径向振动耦合的现象,采用大型核电汽轮发电机组推力轴承可倾瓦块模型,对运行中油膜失稳引起的自激振动进行了机理分析。通过建立转子轴向运动方程,对某650 MW核电机组启机过程中推力轴承载荷进行了测量,计算得出不同轴向载荷和推力轴承间隙比条件下的油膜刚度和阻尼,并分析了推力轴承油膜失稳引起的转子轴向自激振动的频率特点。结果表明:轴向载荷、转速和油膜阻尼是引起推力轴承可倾瓦块轴向自激振动的主要因素;减小推力轴承间隙和增大润滑油压可以抑制转子轴向自激振动。     

某台300MW机组汽流激振故障的分析和处理

某台300MW汽轮机的振动明显受到调门开启顺序和开度大小的影响,通过对机组的振动特征以及调门产生的汽流力进行分析、研究发现:采用调整阀门的开启顺序产生汽流力来提高轴承载荷并不能减小或消除该机组的振动,反而增大了机组的振动;原因是转子在汽缸中的径向位置发生了变化,改变了通流部分的间隙;通过采取合理的调门开启顺序和开度减小转子在汽缸中的偏移,虽然轴承偏心率减小、轴承载荷下降,但是振动水平明显降低了。由此可知,抑制汽流激振的方法有若干种,有些方法在现场实施起来可能会出现矛盾,此时首先需分析引起汽流激振的主要因素,然后采取能解决问题的关键措施,才能取得满意的效果。     

柔性转子转轴弯曲与不平衡耦合振动分析

针对某660 MW超临界汽轮机高中压转子上发生的不稳定振动问题,建立了转子弯曲与不平衡耦合动力响应有限元计算模型,并通过现场实例验证模型的准确性.结果表明:高转速运行时,汽轮机高压转子因配重面与失衡面不重合所引起的弯曲变形会导致振动的不稳定和持续爬升;动平衡试验应尽量在转子失衡面上进行;高压转子环境温度高,在外力作用下易发生蠕变,该现象在大型汽轮机高压转子上表现得更为明显.     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.