一种新型生活污水厌氧净化装置

一种新型生活污水厌氧净化装置重庆市北碚区沼气技术服务公司汤卢兵，陈容厌氧净化沼气池是以处理城镇生活污水和粪便为主要目的，把环境卫生建设和沼气能源建设有机结合起来的一种分散小型装置．经过近１０年来在各地城镇生活污水治理工作中的实践，其治理污染，开发能源...     

小型生活污水净化沼气池研制报告

小型生活污水净化沼气池研制是福建省农业厅农村能源办公室1988年设立的课题,主要目的是研制分散处理城镇居民和集体住宅、生活小区、办公楼、街道、车站,码头,以及公共娱乐场所公厕的粪便和其他生活污水的新装置。课题于1991年7月通过省级鉴定,认为研究成果达到国内同类、省内     

综合式净化沼气池处理生活污水的研究

城镇生活污水净化沼气池又称净化池。它将生物厌氧消化技术与好氧处理相结合，是集生物、化学、物理处理于一体的工艺装置，主要由预处理、厌氧发酵、兼氧发酵及后处理好氧过滤等四部分组成。针对我省水质变差，环境污染严重，污水、废水排放乱的情况，我们积极吸取兄弟省的经验，因地制宜进行探索和实践，根据我省地下水位高、地质承载力差等水文地质条件，研究和推广了综合式处理生活（生产）污水、废水的净化沼气池。实践证明综合式污水净化沼气池不仅技术先进，工艺流程合理，投资省，处理效果好，而且取得了显著的环保、社会和经济效益…     

污水净化沼气的使用与管理

污水净化沼气的使用与管理净化沼气池由预处理、前处理、后处理、贮用气、收排放装置等５大系统组成．实践证明它是分散处理城镇生活污水的理想选择，推广势头良好。至１９９４年底，浙江省已推广８万余ｍ３，台州市推广近千处，约１．５万ｍ‘。随着推广数量的不断增加，...     

物探地震队生活污水处理方法研究

通过分析物探地震队生活污水的来源,研究目前比较适合物探地震队3种生活污水处理装置,对比分析其优缺点,提出适合野外地震队施工又满足HSE体系要求的生活污水处理方式.     

延迟焦化装置含硫污水的脱臭处理

结合工程实践，通过对延迟焦化炼化装置中污水及臭气特征的分析，总结出了延迟焦化装置含硫污水气相中恶臭气体的处理方法。     

厨房油水分离器填补国内空白

一项填补国内空白的“绿色产品”──厨房油水分离器，由杭州司迈特电器有限公司研制成功并于１９９９年１２月通过浙江省省级鉴定。 在许多公共场合，比如医院、学校、宾馆、船舶中含油污水的排放，是危害健康和安全、影响环境质量的直接污染源。其中，生活油污水占很高的比例。而目前看到的油水分离装置，多是为处理工业用石油类油脂设计开发的。随着人们生活水平的提高，对环保的要求愈来愈高，解决厨房的动植物油脂污染已成当务之急。 这种厨房油水分离器的最大好处在于，可自动清除浮油和脂肪，降低废水含油量，避免被罚款；并可减少管…     

技术变革带来污水汽提装置能耗显著下降

本文论述的污水汽提装置采取了一系列改进措施。不仅处理后水质大为改观，而且蒸汽、电和水的消耗显著下降，尤其是蒸汽单耗达到了６０ｋｇ／ｔ污水，在石化总公司居领先水平     

污水汽提装置水在焦化装置的节能应用

在保证科学合理的前提下,使用低品质介质代替质量过剩的高品质介质是一种有效的节能方式。洛阳石化110t/h污水汽提装置是酸性水处理的重要装置,利用污水汽提装置凝结水替代焦化装置多处1.0MPa蒸汽和除氧水,利用污水汽提装置净化水替代焦化装置多处新鲜水和除盐水。通过对污水汽提装置和延迟焦化装置的联合优化改造,将污水汽提装置凝结水和净化水引至延迟焦化装置使用,凝结水用于延迟焦化装置大吹汽时替代1.0MPa蒸汽、替代除氧水和装置部分伴热;净化水用于延迟焦化装置3处水封罐补水,替代2处水洗用除盐水,同时替代新鲜水补冷焦水。优化改造后,延迟焦化装置每年可节省1.0MPa蒸汽87.93Mt、除氧水32.295kt、新鲜水122.64kt、除盐水30.66kt,每年节约动力成本172.11万元。     

一体化生活污水处理工艺及装置

目前我国生活污水处理率偏低,对于城市排水管网不能到达的地区开发一体化处理工艺及装置有广阔的发展前景和推广空间.论文介绍了几种高效的紧凑型生活污水处理工艺,并提出了合理的工艺设计参数,对工程设计及设备制造有重要的参考价值.     

基于环境效益的风电场经济效益分析

为了对风力发电的经济性有进一步的认识,在现有排污收费标准和美国环境价值标准的基础上,从火电厂的污染物排放出发,测算出火电厂的污染物排放费用,进而推算出风电场的环境效益值,通过实例计算得到某风电场的环境效益值,如果考虑风电的环境效益,当火电厂的成本大于两者（生产期内单位电度成本与环境效益值）之差时,风力发电具有较好的经济性和广阔的发展前景。     

Environmental effects of energy crop cultivation in Sweden—II: Economic valuation

In this paper, environmental benefits of the cultivation of perennial energy crops in Sweden, which have been identified and quantified in an earlier paper, are evaluated economically. Several different benefits, ranging from global to site-specific, could be achieved by replacing annual food crops with perennial energy crops. The economic value of these environmental benefits, including reductions in costs to farmers (direct costs) and to society as a whole (external costs), has been estimated to be from US$ 0.1 up to US$ 5/GJ biomass. For comparison, the production costs (excluding transport) of Salix and reed canary grass are about 4.4 and US$ 5.0/GJ, respectively. Purification of waste water in energy crop cultivation has the highest economic value, followed by reduced nutrient leaching through riparian buffer strips, recirculation of sewage sludge, and reduced wind erosion through shelter belts consisting of Salix. The value of other environmental benefits is estimated to be less than US$ 0.7/GJ. If 200,000 ha of Sweden’s totally available arable land of 2.8 Mha were available for energy crop cultivation, around 45 PJ biomass could theoretically be produced per year, at an average cost of about US$ 0.7/GJ, including the value of environmental benefits. It is assumed that priority is given to cultivations with the highest total value, as several different environmental effects could be achieved on the same cultivation site. If 800,000 ha were to be available, the corresponding cost of some 150 GJ biomass per year would be around US$ 2.8/GJ.     

污灌增产效益及其对土壤环境影响分析

引用土壤的净化能力与土壤环境客量概念，探讨土壤纳污能力，土壤环境净化能力与土壤处理污水水平的关系，既考虑到污水进入土壤后的生态效应，也考虑污水进入土壤的环境效应，提出排污和防污的相关措施：保护土壤环境，合理地利用和开发土壤的自净能力，有效地使用污水增强土地肥力。改进污灌方法及污灌制度，充分发挥污水灌溉在增产和保护环境的双重作用。     

污水资源化在高校校区中应用方式探讨

根据高校校区污水排放特点,提出在高校中采用中水处理系统加中水源热泵系统对高校污水进行资源化回收的方式,并从系统投资、运行费用论证该方案的可行性,并分析该方式的带来的经济环保效益。为高校中污水资源化技术推广提供参考。     

Environmental benefits and the economics of UK solar energy schemes

The use of solar energy to displace conventional fuels gives rise to benefits from resource saving and also from avoided adverse environmental effects. On the assumption that the displaced fuel is coal-generated electricity, this paper estimates the health benefits from avoided air pollution attributable to using solar panels for domestic water and space heating in the UK. These benefits are compared with those stemming from fuel savings. It is found that the environmental benefits, while non-trivial, are small in relation to the resource-saving benefits. All the benefit estimates considered are crude, and there is a clear need for further work in this area.     

苏南运河苏州段水环境容量及水质达标性计算

由于苏南运河水质不断恶化,以运河下游苏州段为研究对象,在充分调查入河污染物总量的基础上,建立河流一维水环境容量计算模型,计算其水环境容量,提出了削减量及削减目标;最后针对运河苏州段选取2个控制断面,提出3种控制方案,分析不同方案下污染源排放量与水质浓度关系。结果表明,运河苏州段已无剩余水环境容量,急需开展水环境整治;当研究范围内所有企业均达标排放,且城市污水接管率提高至85%时,运河苏州段的水质均能达标,该结论可为苏南运河管理部门制定水环境改善方案提供理论依据。     

中小型煤矿生活污水资源化处理的可行性研究

通过对煤矿生活污水的特点进行分析,结合晋城中小型煤矿环保专篇中生活污水处理及回用情况,以晋城莒山煤矿为例说明生活污水资源化的可行性,并列举出利用的可行途径。     

电能替代应用及效益评价

结合高校生活热水供应系统来具体量化电能替代所带来的经济效益和环境效益,同时在此基础上,结合较成熟的评价方法,对高校生活热水供应系统电能替代的效益进行全面的量化评价.计算结果表明,考虑环境效益的计算模型更贴近实际,评价结果更合理,为进一步推广电能替代技术提供了参考.     

Environmental effects of energy crop cultivation in Sweden—I: Identification and quantification

This paper presents an analysis of how energy crop cultivations in Sweden, consisting of short-rotation forest (Salix) and energy grass (reed canary grass), can be located and managed to maximise environmental benefits. The overall conclusion is that substantial environmental benefits, ranging from global to site-specific, could be achieved when traditional annual food crops produced with current agriculture practices are replaced by dedicated perennial energy crops. The emission of greenhouse gases could be reduced by reduced carbon dioxide emissions from organic soils, by reduced nitrous oxide emissions caused by the use of fertilisers and through accumulation of soil carbon in mineral soils, which also leads to increased soil fertility. Nutrient leaching could be reduced by using energy crop cultivations as buffer strips along open streams and wind erosion could be reduced by using Salix plantations as shelter belts. Cultivation of Salix and energy grass can also be used to purify municipal waste, such as waste water, landfill leachate, and sewage sludge. Furthermore, the content of heavy metals in the soil can be reduced through Salix cultivation. The biodiversity is estimated to be almost unchanged, or slightly increased in open farmland. These environmental benefits, which could be achieved on up to 60% of current Swedish arable land and last for 25 years or more, will increase the value of the energy crops. The economic value of these benefits is calculated in Part II of the analysis, which is presented in a second paper.     

原生污水冷热源经济节能性研究

分析探讨了城市原生污水源的特点及其热泵系统的优缺点.以哈尔滨地区的工程实际为例,对城市原生污水源热泵、天然气直燃热泵机组、燃煤锅炉加电力冷水机组进行了经济性、环保性比较.结果表明,城市原生污水源热泵系统优于另两个系统.