生物质成型燃料锅炉燃烧节能减排效益分析

生物质成型燃料是重要的可再生能源,为准确研究其替代化石能源的节能减排效益,分析了生物质成型燃料的特性,并采用发热量比较法、物料衡算法、产排污系数法分别计算分析了生物质成型燃料锅炉燃烧的节能效益、CO2减排效益、废气污染物减排效益。结果表明:生物质成型燃料锅炉燃烧具有显著的节能减排效益,预计2020年,生物质成型燃料替代煤炭折合1579.5万tce,减少CO2排放4011.93万t,减少SO2排放30.99万t,减少NOx排放4.06万t,减少PM排放175.29万t。     

“节能减排”背景下内燃机燃料的发展现状分析

内燃机产品消耗了我国一半以上的石油资源,是实施“节能减排”最具挖潜空间的产品。分析我国内燃机工业的发展概况和能源现状,探讨了节能减排的必要性,总结了现代内燃机工业的技术发展趋势和燃料发展趋势,提出了大力研究发展新能源动力,坚持对传统动力进行技术升级和改造,积极推广和应用替代内燃机燃料,最终实现节约能源和CO2减排的目标。     

PEM燃料电池供电系统_单耗分析_及其减排效应

在介绍了属于低温燃料电池系列的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）工作原理、特性及PEMFC供电系统组成的基础上,运用“单耗分析”理论对系统进行了环节划分,分别建立了燃料单耗与成本单耗分析模型。以某实际PEMFC供电系统运行数据为依据,对系统进行了单耗分析,并与大电网供电比较分析了温室气体CO2与污染物NOx的减排效应。结果指出了PEMFC供电系统中各环节煸效率对燃料单耗与成本的影响程度;系统发供电年CO2减排率25％左右,NOx减排率达到了99．96％以上。具有较好的发展前景。     

一台130吨生物质锅炉简介

本文简单介绍了为某电厂设计和制造的130吨燃烧生物质燃料锅炉的整体布置。该锅炉利用可再生能源作为燃料,比常规的燃煤锅炉更环保和节能,并能实现CO2零排放。     

燃煤发电排放CO2的处置利用途径

CO2是能源与环境生物活动循环的依存产物,工业化后煤炭等化石燃料的使用产生了大量的CO2排放,打破了CO2的自然生态平衡。介绍了CO2的来源,分析了燃煤发电CO2的排放量,我国每年燃煤发电约排放C0230．7×10^8t,指出燃煤发电是减排CO2的重点。提出CO2的利用与处置的方法主要有：CO2和合成氨加工成尿素,并发展大颗粒尿素促进造林绿化;美国正在建的CO2零排放燃煤发电装置,采用了CO2收集与封存（CCS）技术,以及煤制油清洁燃料联产电力。     

自备电厂煤粉锅炉掺烧生物质试验

生物质资源是“零碳”燃料,在我国能源转型以及“碳中和”战略中处于极其重要的地位。本文在自备电厂开展煤粉锅炉掺烧生物质工业试验,研究了生物质燃料基本性能及掺烧对煤粉锅炉运行状态的影响,对直燃耦合掺烧的安全性及可行性进行了分析,试验结果表明,在230 MW发电机组的220 t煤粉锅炉上生物质掺烧质量比可达到4%～6%,掺烧对制粉储料系统、入炉煤煤质、锅炉运行、烟气排放影响甚微,CO₂减排作用明显,通过措施优化可改善颗粒粉化现象。     

O_2/CO_2气氛下电站锅炉汽水系统仿真模型研究

基于O2/CO2气氛下烟气侧换热特点,建立了电站锅炉汽水系统整体动态数学模型。以某300 MW O2/CO2煤粉燃烧锅炉为仿真对象进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明,燃料量、O2/CO2容积比的增加可导致燃烧速率和燃烧温度迅速升高,进一步引起工质参数不同程度的变化。     

用检测CO的办法使锅炉效率达最高从而节约燃料

据美国环境保护局估计,现时美国在役锅炉约40000台,每个锅炉操作者都设法节约燃料的费用。由于燃料价格猛涨,电子设备的价格稳步下跌,促使新锅炉机组的能源控制设备发展到一个新的阶段,采用计算机连续控制,使空气/燃烧比维持最佳状态。控制系统的心脏部份是采用固态电路的分析仪,将它放在锅炉的烟气流中测量烟气中的一氧化碳(CO)。因为对所有的矿物燃料最后的燃烧过程是把CO氧化成二氧化碳(CO_2),测量CO的成份就直接     

国外二氧化碳减排技术措施的进展

综述了国外绿色化工的进展。石油化工公司面临减排CO2等温室气体的挑战,包括排放贸易法在内的气候变化法律要求公司对它们在世界某些地区的排放负财务上的责任。一些石油化工公司视减排为重要的商机,许多公司正在开发CO2减排和封存的新技术,一些公司开发燃烧后的CO2浓缩、收集技术和富氧燃烧等技术。更多的化工公司通过提供减排产品促进汽车、建筑等终端应用绿色化。汽车的绿色化包括用生物基材料替代石油基材料、降低轮胎滚动阻力、发展塑料汽车、开发更多汽车用绿色产品。巴斯夫在其节能示范住房中大量使用了发泡聚苯乙烯混凝土、聚氨酯夹心保温材料和由含蜡塑料微粒组成的Micronal相变材料的创新型石膏板等。一些化工公司正在开发用CO2作为低成本化工原材料的新技术。除传统将CO2用于尿素、水杨酸和甲醇等的生产外,还包括将CO2转化为燃料、用于生产高性能聚合物和利用合成生物学开发生物燃料。     

燃煤流化床锅炉掺烧炼厂干气

延安炼油厂为了利用富裕的炼厂干气，对3台75t／h循环流化床燃煤锅炉进行了改造。通过对干气燃烧工艺系统和主要设备燃烧器以及自控和安全保护系统的技术整改，将燃煤锅炉改造为煤-干气混合燃烧锅炉。不仅达到节煤、节电目标，丽其实现了CO2、SO2、炉灰、炉渣的减排，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

Investigation of fuel lean reburning process in a 1.5 MW boiler

This paper examines a detailed study of fuel lean reburning process applied to a 1.5 MW gas-fired boiler. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the effect of the fuel lean reburning process on the NO_X reduction and CO emission. Natural gas (CH₄) was used as the reburn as well as the main fuel. The amount of the reburn fuel, injection location and thermal load of boiler were considered as experimental parameters. The flue gas data revealed that the fuel lean reburning process led to NO_X reduction up to 43%, while CO emission was limited to less than 30 ppm for the 100% thermal load condition. The commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT 6.3, which included turbulence, chemical reaction, radiation and NO modeling, was used to predict the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics under various operational conditions in the boiler. Subsequently, predicted results were validated with available measured data such as gas temperature distributions and local mean NO_X concentrations. The detailed numerical results showed that the recirculation flow developed inside the boiler was found to play an important role in improving the effectiveness of fuel lean reburning process.     

CO2稀释燃料对富氧扩散燃烧中NOx生成的抑制作用

1前言在气体燃料或氧化剂侧添加惰性成份(作为稀释剂)是改善燃烧或抑制污染物生成的途径之一[1~6]。从本质上分析,添加稀释剂是另一种形式的烟气循环,一般为在氧化剂侧和燃料测添加H2O、N2和CO2,也有部分研究者研究了He的影响[4]。由于减排温室气体、封存CO2愈来愈成为全球性的     

浅议水煤浆锅炉的技术特点及其应用

本文从节约能源、减少污染物排放的角度出发,阐述说明水煤浆锅炉在节能环保方面的优越性。文章详细介绍了水煤浆燃料的特点;结合工程实例着重说明水煤浆锅炉燃烧系统、除尘、除硫、烟气排放的工艺流程;水煤浆锅炉在燃料消耗、污染物排放2方面与燃煤锅炉的技术经济比较分析,以及水煤浆锅炉的环保效益。     

燃煤工业锅炉现状及其节能减排途径

分析我国燃煤锅炉现状的基础上,阐述燃煤工业锅炉节能减排的主要途径,通过加强技术改造、运行管理、水质监督等措施的应用,可提高锅炉的运行效率,实现节能减排的目的。     

循环流化床O2／CO2燃烧技术的最新进展

对循环流化床O2/CO2燃烧技术的研究现状进行了总结,阐述了其燃烧特性和污染物排放特性,分析了O2/CO2燃烧对循环流化床锅炉设计的影响,并从技术经济角度衡量了其成本,分析了需要解决的关键问题.指出循环流化床O2/CO2燃烧技术在其发展过程中不存在难以逾越的技术瓶颈,与其它CO2减排技术相比具有一定的经济优势,是值得重点研究的一项洁净煤燃烧技术.     

Co-firing—A strategy for bioenergy in Poland?

Biomass provides the largest reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission when it replaces coal, which is the dominating fuel in heat and electricity production in Poland. One means of replacing coal with biomass is to co-fire biofuels in an existing coal-fired boiler. This paper presents an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of co-firing biofuels in Poland with respect to technical, environmental, economical and strategic considerations. This analysis shows that co-firing is technically and economically the most realistic option for using biofuels in the large pulverized fuel (PF) boilers in Poland. However, from an environmental perspective, co-firing of biofuels in large combined heat and power (CHP) plants and power plants provides only a small reduction in sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emission per unit biofuel, since these plants usually apply some form of desulphurization technology. In order to maximize the SO₂ emission reduction, biofuels should be used in district heating plants. However, co-fired combustion plants can handle disruptions in biofuel supply and are insensitive to moderate changes in fuel prices, which makes them suitable utilizers of biofuels from perennial energy crops. Co-firing could therefore play an important role in stimulating perennial crop production.     

燃生物质颗粒工业锅炉系统的生命周期评价

为了研究生物质工业锅炉系统对环境影响和能源消耗情况,本文采用了生命周期(LCA)的研究方法,从该系统的原料生产制作,到系统建立运行进行全面分析。结果表明:处理每1 t生物质颗粒,对环境的总影响负荷为16 434.47毫人当量,资源耗竭系数为2.547毫人当量,燃生物质工业锅炉系统对环境影响主要为全球变暖为95.36%,各个过程中锅炉系统运行影响为98.55%,秸秆种植从环境中吸收CO22 136.24 kg,因此,燃生物质工业锅炉系统在减少温室气体排放上能起积极作用,与燃煤锅炉相比生物质锅炉是一种环境友好并且减少化石燃料消耗的项目。     

Efficiency and emissions of gas-fired industrial boiler fueled with hydrogen-enriched nature gas: A case study of 108 t/h steam boiler

Hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) is a promising low-carbon fuel in the industry. The fuel flexibility of the existing natural gas-fueled industrial combustion equipment is a crucial issue for the HENG application. This study evaluates the thermal and emission performances of a large-scale industrial steam boiler fueled with HENG. Considering different operation strategies, three boiler operation scenarios were proposed, namely, the unchanged fuel/air valve opening (Scenario 1), the maintained boiler capacity with unchanged valve control logic (Scenario 2), and the maintained boiler capacity with unchanged excess air ratio (Scenario 3). A model considering the thermal equilibrium and heat transfer inside the boiler was built to study the thermal efficiency under the three scenarios, and a chemical reaction network model was established to investigate the NOx emission characteristics. The results showed that thermal efficiency and NOx emission presented a similar variation trend. Both of them decreased in Scenarios 1 and 2 while increased in Scenario 3 as hydrogen volumetric fraction in HENG increased from 0 to 0.9. The differences in decarbonization potentials among the three scenarios were limited. This study implies that the trade-off between thermal efficiency and NOx emission should be carefully concerned when applying HENG to industrial steam boilers.     

大型电站锅炉采用切向燃烧方式燃用无烟煤的研究

无烟煤的特点是挥发分低，发热量高，着火温度高。在燃烧过程中存在的主要问题是着火困难、燃烧效率低、炉膛易结渣、NOx排放高。作为我国特定地区的一种动力用煤，燃用无烟煤的电站锅炉在设计时重点考虑着火、稳燃、提高燃烧效率、防止炉膛结渣、降低NOx排放。介绍了无烟煤的主要燃烧方式和大型锅炉采用四角切向燃烧技术燃用无烟煤的设计原则。此外，还介绍了上海锅炉厂有限公司设计的300MW自然循环、切向燃烧无烟煤锅炉的特点和运行结果，并对燃用无烟煤燃烧技术在600MW无烟煤锅炉上的应用前景做了预测。     

The Mechanisms of Flame Stabilization and Low NO_x Emission in an Eccentric Jet Pulverized Coal Combustor

The mechanisms of flame stabilization and low NO_x emission features of an eccentric jet pulverized coal com-bustor were studied through numerical modelling and experimental investigation.The results show that theformation of the unique flowfield structure is closely related to the interaction among combustor configuration,the primary jet and the control jet;and that certain rules should be followed in order to obtain the optimumcondition for flame stabilization.The distributions of temperature and concentrations of NO,O_2,CO and CO_2inside the combustor were experimentally measured.The effects of structural and operational parameters oncombustion and NO formation were studied.It was found that reduction of primary air,suitable use of controljet and reasonable uptilt angle of the primary jet all contributed to the reduction of NO_x at the combustor exit.A new hypothesis,that reasonable separation of oxygen and fuel within the fuel-rich zone is beneficial to furtherreduction of NO_x emission,is given.The study showed that good compatibility existed between the capabilityof flame stabilization and low NO_x emission for this type of combustor.