炭黑和白炭黑与不同SSBR的相互作用研究

选取微观结构相似的锡偶联和硅偶联溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)为橡胶基体,分别使用炭黑和白炭黑进行补强,研究其相互作用及其对硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明,在端基硅偶联SSBR中白炭黑的分散好于炭黑的分散,在端基锡偶联SSBR中炭黑的分散好于白炭黑的分散,说明白炭黑、炭黑分别与硅偶联和锡偶联SSBR有较强的相互作用。炭黑补强能使锡偶联SSBR获得较好的物理机械性能,而白炭黑补强硅偶联SSBR具有更低的动态生热性能。     

炭黑/白炭黑双相填料的配比对溶聚丁苯橡胶性能的影响

考察了用白炭黑取代部分炭黑作为填充剂对溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)硫化胶物理机械性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用炭黑/白炭黑双相填料可以提高SSBR硫化胶的物理机械性能和动态力学性能,原因在于双相填料增强了填料与橡胶大分子之间的相互作用,提高了填料在橡胶基质中的分散性。当用20份白炭黑与30份炭黑组成双相填料时,SSBR硫化胶的各项性能达到最佳。     

环保型溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胶与白炭黑的相互作用研究

探讨了国产环保型溶聚丁苯橡胶SSBR2564S和端基硅偶联SSBR72612S在半钢子午胎胎面胶中的应用,研究了两种SSBR与BR并用对白炭黑分散性的影响,并进一步考查了各并用体系混炼胶和硫化胶的基本性能。结果表明：BR与白炭黑的相互作用较SSBR要弱,SSBR更利于白炭黑的分散,端基硅偶联SSBR与白炭黑的相互作用更强;BR能有效缩短并用胶的硫化时间,改善SSBR72612S的加工性能;随BR并用量的增加,硫化胶的耐磨性得到明显改善,断裂伸长率、撕裂强度和回弹均有所提升,而300%定伸应力降低。BR能降低SSBR2564S体系的滚动阻力,但使两种SSBR体系的抗湿滑性损失较大。     

炭黑/白炭黑复合填料网络在天然橡胶屈挠疲劳过程中的作用分析

通过改变填料体系中炭黑/白炭黑的用量比,制备出具有不同填料网络结构的硫化胶,通过胶料的硫化特性、交联密度、结合胶含量、Payne效应、损耗特性对填料网络结构进行表征并建立填料网络结构模型,最后通过各种性能测试考察了填料网络对橡胶动静态力学性能和屈挠疲劳性能的影响,建立了复合填料网络结构和屈挠疲劳性能的相关性。结果表明,白炭黑-白炭黑相互作用强于炭黑-炭黑相互作用,但白炭黑与橡胶基体的结合作用差;复合填料网络在屈挠疲劳过程中产生的内耗小,白炭黑/炭黑质量比为20/20时,硫化胶的疲劳性能最好。     

不同填料填充集成橡胶对复合材料动态粘弹性能的影响

研究炭黑、双相填料和白炭黑对集成橡胶（SIBR）动态粘弹性能的影响。结果表明：SIBR胶料的门尼粘度,结合胶质量分数与低场核磁共振曲线均能表征填料与橡胶基体间的相互作用程度,且三者之间存在着一致的相关性;与白炭黑和双相填料相比,炭黑与橡胶基体之间具有最强的相互作用;3种填料中,双相填料在橡胶中具有最弱的填料网络结构,白炭黑具有最强的填料网络结构。     

白炭黑/炭黑复合填充对NR性能的影响

在白炭黑和炭黑填料总量一定的情况下,研究了不同白炭黑/炭黑配比对NR性能的影响。结果表明,白炭黑用量增加,NR硫化速率下降,体系中炭黑填料网络被破坏且白炭黑-橡胶间较弱的相互作用也会对NR硫化胶力学性能产生一系列影响。DMA结果表明,加入20~25份白炭黑对提高硫化胶的抗湿滑性和降低滚动阻力最为有效。     

白炭黑/炭黑并用与炭-硅双相填料对NR胎面胶性能的影响

研究了白炭黑/炭黑并用比对胎面胶性能的影响,并与炭-硅双相填料(CSDPF)进行了对比。结果表明,当填料总量不变时,随着白炭黑用量的增加,NR混炼胶硫化时间逐渐延长,硫化胶交联密度逐渐减小,300%定伸应力减小,拉断伸长率增大,耐磨性能下降,动态性能有所改善,压缩生热和滚动阻力均呈减小趋势。炭-硅双相填料(CSDPF)配合Si-69使用效果较好,填料-填料相互作用较弱,有效降低了滞后生热和滚动阻力,填料-橡胶相互作用较强,保证了较好的抗湿滑性和耐磨性。     

不同填料对丁苯橡胶硫化胶应力软化效应的影响

研究炭黑、白炭黑和白炭黑/硅烷偶联剂TESPT填充丁苯橡胶硫化胶的应力软化效应,并通过扫描电子显微镜表征填料在胶料中的分散程度,探讨填料-填料相互作用、橡胶-填料相互作用、循环加载拉伸及恢复条件等因素对硫化胶应力软化效应的影响。结果表明:炭黑填充硫化胶的应力软化效应最强,白炭黑填充硫化胶的应力软化效应最弱,加入硅烷偶联剂TESPT后白炭黑填充硫化胶的应力软化效应增强;白炭黑填充硫化胶的应变能恢复程度最高,炭黑填充硫化胶次之,白炭黑/硅烷偶联剂TESPT填充硫化胶最低。     

改性白炭黑-橡胶相互作用和非线性粘弹性研究

选用Si-69利用原位接枝法对白炭黑进行了表面改性并用于天然橡胶的补强,重点考察了不同填料用量下改性白炭黑-天然橡胶的相互作用和非线性粘弹性。结果表明,与未改性白炭黑相比,添加改性白炭黑的胶料结合胶量上升,填料-橡胶相互作用增强,填料在橡胶基体中的分散性更好。胶料应变软化和Payne效应随填料用量的上升而增强。当填料用量小于26份时,天然橡胶/改性白炭黑的应变软化大于天然橡胶/白炭黑的。超过26份后,情况反转。     

白炭黑对丁苯橡胶的补强作用

用炭黑或白炭黑充当填料可以显著改善弹性体网络的机械性能,这些性能在很大程度上取决于许多参数,比如粒子的体积分数形状,尺寸以及填料-填料相互作用和填料-基质相互作用,然而,更为重要的是填料粒子与橡胶基质之间的的相互作用,这种导致聚合物链吸附在粒子表面上的相互作用,能够通过改变聚合物-填料界面对其加以控制,在填料对聚合物粘附性差（如在白炭黑填充烃橡胶中）的场合,可用硅烷偶联剂来帮助其在弹性体基质内分散,改善这两个相之间的粘附状况,一般情况下偶联剂为双官能团分子,它能够在聚合物基质和填料表面之间的界面上搭起分子“桥”。这样,橡胶-填料的粘附力就会增加,从而使白炭黑的补强能力得以提高,对用非炭黑填料填充的硫磺硫化胶料而言,最有效的一种偶联剂是巯（基）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（Dynasilan)。双（3-三乙氧基硅烷基丙基）四硫化物（TESPT）,通常简写作“Si69”,扩大了白炭黑在橡胶应用中的使用范围。     

炭黑/白炭黑共混比对BR/SBR性能的影响

研究了炭黑N234/白炭黑175Gr共混比对BR/SBR共混胶加工性能、物理机械性能和动态物理机械性能的影响。研究表明,当填料总用量不变时,炭黑/白炭黑共混能有效减弱填料网络的形成。当质量比为40/40时,共混胶佩恩效应最低,门尼粘度最小,物理机械性能最好;加入硅烷偶联剂可使白炭黑与橡胶产生化学结合,提高了化学交联密度,使硫化胶回弹性提高,动态损耗因子降低,有利于降低轮胎滚动阻力。     

Influence of polymer–filler interactions on retraction behaviors of natural rubber vulcanizates reinforced with silica and carbon black

In general, silica‐filled rubber compounds contain a silane coupling agent to improve the filler dispersion and polymer–filler interactions. The silane coupling agent modifies the silica surface and makes crosslinks between the rubber and the silica. Influence of the modification of silica on the retraction behaviors of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates reinforced with silica and carbon black was studied. Variation of the retraction behaviors of NR vulcanizates with filler composition was also investigated. The vulcanizates containing the silane coupling agent were recovered faster than those without the silane coupling agent. The recovery difference between the vulcanizates without and with the silane coupling agent increased with increased silica content. For the vulcanizates containing the silane coupling agent, the retraction behaviors were nearly the same, irrespective of filler composition. But, for the vulcanizates without the silane coupling agent, the vulcanizate was recovered more and more slowly as the silica content increased. The experimental results are explained with the polymer–filler interactions, modification of silica surface, and formation of crosslinks between silica and rubber. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 691–696, 2006     

Properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with silica or carbon black: influence of cure accelerator content and filler dispersion

Filler dispersion is a critical factor in determining the properties of filled rubber composites. Silica has a high density of silanol groups on the surface, which lead to strong filler–filler interactions and a poor filler dispersions. A cure accelerator, N‐tert‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS), was found to improve filler dispersion in silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) compounds. For the silica‐filled NR compounds without the silane coupling agent, the reversion ratio generally increased with increase in TBBS content, whereas those of the silica‐filled NR compounds containing the silane coupling agent and carbon black‐filled NR compounds decreased linearly. The tensile strength of the silica‐filled NR vulcanizate without the silane coupling agent increased as the TBBS content increased, whereas carbon black‐filled samples did not show a specific trend. The experimental results were explained by TBBS adsorption on the silica surface and the improvement of silica dispersion with the aid of TBBS. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bound rubber in chlorobutyl compounds: Influence of filler type and storage time

Bound rubber (BdR) is considered as a measure of the filler–polymer interaction in rubber compounds. The variation of the BdR content with storage time was studied in chlorobutyl compounds filled with fillers like carbon black, carbon–silica dual phase filler (CSDPf), silica, and nanoclays. The effect of the addition of a silane coupling agent on the BdR in carbon black and silica filled compounds was also studied. The BdR content increased with storage time in all compounds. The increase in BdR was higher during the initial 15 days of storage. Thereafter there was only a marginal increase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 715–720, 2006     

炭黑/白炭黑双相填料在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究炭黑/白炭黑双相填料(CSDPF)在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用.结果表明,CSDPF与橡胶间的相互作用较强;与填充普通炭黑或白炭黑的胶料相比,填充CSDPF的胶料在高温下的滞后损失较小,耐磨性能明显提高.     

新型胺基官能化溶聚丁苯橡胶的性能

采用一种新型胺基化合物制备引发剂,并以此合成官能化溶聚丁苯橡胶,分别利用炭黑和白炭黑体系对其进行增强,测试了二者的动态力学性能和物理机械性能。结果显示,采用炭黑增强体系时,与未官能化的溶聚丁苯橡胶相比,改性后溶聚丁苯橡胶拉伸强度的变化不大,硬度增加,物理机械性能变化不大,动态力学性能得到明显提高;采用白炭黑增强体系时,官能化改性后的溶聚丁苯橡胶的物理机械性能得到提高,60 ℃的损耗因子明显降低,滚动阻力得到改善,胶料的交联密度有所提高。     

反应共混改性纳米二氧化硅/炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶的结构与性能

采用动态反应共混法制备了含硫的硅烷偶联剂双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-四硫化物(Si-69)和双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-二硫化物(Si-75)改性纳米SiO2/炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)硫化胶,分析了胶料的微观结构,研究了胶料的物理机械性能和动态力学性能等。结果表明,纳米填料在胶料中呈现较理想的分散状态;当纳米SiO2与炭黑填料的总量为70份时,随改性纳米SiO2用量的增加,SSBR硫化胶的邵尔A硬度、扯断伸长率、永久变形、撕裂强度下降,拉伸强度变化不大,300%定伸应力显著提高,生热明显下降,其中Si-75改性纳米SiO2/炭黑填充的SSBR综合性能更优;纳米填料在橡胶基体中的分散性好,胶料的动态生热低。     

纳米白炭黑/炭黑并用对SBR硫化胶性能的影响

研究了纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系对ＳＢＲ硫化胶物理性能及磨耗形态的影响,并提出了补强模型。结果表明,纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系可提高补强效果,当其并用比为６／２４时,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大,耐磨性最佳。硫化胶补强性能的提高,一方面需要粒子与大分子之间有较强的结合力,另一方面还需要粒子表面上的产生滑移。     

Use of rice husk ash as filler in natural rubber vulcanizates: In comparison with other commercial fillers

Rice husk ash is mainly composed of silica and carbon black remaining from incomplete combustion. Both silica and carbon black have long been recognized as the main reinforcing fillers used in the rubber industry to enhance certain properties of rubber vulcanizates, such as modulus and tensile strength. In this study, two grades of rice husk ash (low‐ and high‐carbon contents) were used as filler in natural rubber. Comparison was made of the reinforcing effect between rice husk ashes and other commercial fillers such as talcum, china clay, calcium carbonate, silica, and carbon black. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was employed to study the presence of functional groups on the ash surface. The effect of silane coupling agent, bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (Si‐69), on the properties of ash‐filled vulcanizates was also investigated. It was found that both grades of rice husk ash provide inferior mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, hardness, abrasion resistance, and tear strength) in comparison with reinforcing fillers such as silica and carbon black. However, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates filled with rice husk ash are comparable to those filled with inert fillers. The addition of silane‐coupling agent has little effect on the properties of the ash‐filled vulcanizates. This is simply due to the lack of silanol groups on the ash surface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2485–2493, 2002     

不同种类的硅烷对白炭黑填充胶料分散性的影响

文章描述了混炼过程中添加的硅烷偶联剂在白炭黑-橡胶体系中对白炭黑分散性的影响,对含硅烷偶联剂X-50-S、Si69及Si266进行了统计性试验。可以看出,不同的硅烷偶联剂对白炭黑分散性的影响各不相同,为了获得最佳分散效果并满足性能要求,已精确地对硅烷与不同白炭黑的比率进行了调整。该研究的目的旨在深入了解白炭黑填充剂的分散效果,并对指导怎样使胶料拥有最佳产品性能有很大意义。