均匀沉淀法制备Al/ZnS复合粒子

介绍了以硫代乙酰胺(TAA)和乙酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]为主要原料,在片状铝粉表面包覆一层ZnS,制备出包覆式复合粒子Al/ZnS,改变母粒子Al粉的加入量及反应温度,确定制备包覆完全致密复合粒子的最佳条件,通过SEM、XRD及粒度测试等分析方法对复合粒子进行表征.     

Al/TiO2超细复合粒子制备研究

利用均匀沉淀法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体水解制备TiO2,在液相中包覆于片状金属铝粉表面,复盖金属表面光泽,形成包覆完全致密的Al/TiO2超细复合粒子。研究复合粒子制备的多种影响因素及以最佳制备条件,并进行扫描电镜(SEM)及电子能谱(INCA)表证。     

表面处理对PP／A12O3性能与结晶的影响

为了改善无机粒子在聚合物基体中的分散性与相容性．采用2种表面处理方法：硅烷偶联剂KH570表面处理Al2O3粒子得到烷基化粒子；另外在此基础上采用溶液聚合法在烷基化Al2O3粒子表面进行MMA与单体的接枝聚合，制备PMMA包覆Al2O3复合粒子．Al2O3-g-PMMA。采用XPS、IR研究烷基化粒子与复合粒子表面结构．同时通过无机粒子直接填充法与PP基体复合获得Al2O3／PP复合材料并研究其力学性能与结晶行为。     

Mn掺杂ZnS量子点的合成及其水溶性修饰

利用苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物对疏水性的Mn掺杂的ZnS量子点(ZnS:Mn QDs)进行包覆,得到了发光效率更好的水溶性量子点复合物(QDs-NIP)。用紫外分光光度计(UV-vis),荧光分光光度计(PL)和红外分光光度计(FTIR)对其进行结构及光学的表征。结果发现,红外光谱图证明我们成功合成了量子点、共聚物的复合纳米粒子,且其水溶后的复合纳米粒子仍能拥有高的发光效率;我们得到的高发光效率,水溶性好的ZnS:Mn QDs为后续的细胞成像,生物传感,细胞标记等打下了好的基础。     

Al/NiO复合粒子的制备与表征

以N i(NO3)2.6H2O和CO(NH2)2为主要原料,通过均匀沉淀法,90℃恒温12 h,异相成核,在片状金属铝粉表面包覆一层N i2CO3(OH)2,制备出包覆式复合粒子A l/N i2CO3(OH)2。将复合粒子在马弗炉中400℃恒温灼烧2 h,制备出了A l/N iO复合粒子。通过SEM、XRD及粒度测试等分析方法,对复合粒子的形貌、晶体结构及粒径进行了表征。     

表面处理对PP/Al2O3性能与结晶的影响

为了改善无机粒子在聚合物基体中的分散性与相容性 ,采用 2种表面处理方法 :硅烷偶联剂KH5 70表面处理Al2 O3粒子得到烷基化粒子 ;另外在此基础上采用溶液聚合法在烷基化Al2 O3粒子表面进行MMA与单体的接枝聚合 ,制备PMMA包覆Al2 O3复合粒子Al2 O3-g -PMMA。采用XPS、IR研究烷基化粒子与复合粒子表面结构 ,同时通过无机粒子直接填充法与PP基体复合获得Al2O3/PP复合材料并研究其力学性能与结晶行为     

包覆ZnS对ZnS:Mn发光性质的影响

采用溶剂热法制得ZnS∶Mn,并采用Larmer法,在ZnS∶Mn表面包覆不同量,不同层数的ZnS。利用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),荧光光谱(PL)对ZnS∶Mn/ZnS复合材料的结构,形貌及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,包覆对ZnS∶Mn结构没有影响,但随着包覆比和包覆层数的增加,XRD衍射峰逐渐向左偏移。包覆量和包覆层数对ZnS∶Mn/ZnS复合材料的发光性能有很大的影响,呈现出先增大,后降低的趋势。文中对所制备材料的结构、形貌及发光性能进行了讨论。     

纳米氧化锌表面包覆氧化铝复合粉体制备及其光催化活性

在制备ZnO的前驱物 ? 碱式碳酸锌的过程中原位包覆Al2O3，与在ZnO粉体表面包覆的传统工艺相比减少了多次引起粒子团聚的工艺过程，改善了包覆效果. TEM观察表明，包覆的ZnO复合粉体粒径为50 nm左右、包覆层厚为3~5 nm. XPS分析表明，包覆层为Al2O3和ZnO. 光催化活性的测试表明，包覆后的纳米ZnO光催化活性得到了明显降低. 包覆后的纳米ZnO紫外线吸收性能与未包覆的纳米ZnO基本相同，保证了其优异的紫外吸收性能.     

EP/ZnS纳米复合材料的制备及紫外老化性能的研究

采用水热法制备了环氧树脂(EP)包覆的纳米ZnS,并将其与EP复合制备了EP/ZnS纳米复合材料.研究了ZnS含量对复合材料紫外吸收及透射性能的影响,同时研究了不同紫外线照射时间下试样的热失重情况.结果表明,EP/ZnS纳米复合材料在300～350 nm波长范围内的紫外吸收可达90%以上,具有很强的紫外吸收性;当紫外线照射时间为36 h时,ZnS的加入可以提高EP的抗紫外性,且ZnS含量越多,抗紫外性越强.     

Al@GAP复合粒子对LLM-105热分解性能的影响

为防止铝粉在存储中氧化失活,同时为含铝炸药配方设计提供借鉴,采用聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)对不同尺寸Al粉(平均粒径分别为50nm和1~2μm)进行包覆改性,获得Al@GAP复合粒子;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其形貌;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对不同质量比的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的热分解过程进行了研究。结果表明,采用两步包覆法获得了不同尺寸Al粉表面包覆GAP的核壳结构复合粒子;相较于包覆前的微米级Al粉,加入GAP包覆的纳米Al粉后混合体系的热分解峰温明显降低;当Al粉质量分数大于10%时,GAP包覆后的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的熵变(ΔS~≠)和焓变(ΔH~≠)较Al/LLM-105混合体系有所减小;(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的活化能、热爆炸临界温度及热力学参数ΔS~≠和ΔH~≠随纳米Al粉含量的增加而降低,当Al粉质量分数为30%时,较LLM-105分别降低4kJ/mol、3℃、4.3J/(mol·K)、4.2kJ/mol。     

Nanoscale ZnO and Al-Doped ZnO Coatings on ZnS:Ag Phosphors and their Cathodoluminescent Properties

Blue-emitting ZnS:Ag phosphors were coated with nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and the cathodoluminescence (CL) performance of the coated phosphors was investigated. The nanoscale coating was obtained by controlling the hydrolysis reaction of ZnCl₂ alcoholic solution using diethylamine as a gradual OH⁻ former, and Al doping was performed to increase the electrical conductivity of ZnO. The coatings were composed of either nanosized particles or a continuous nano layer, and the AZO-coated phosphor had a more uniformly covered surface. The coated phosphors exhibited improved aging behavior under CL excitation and the AZO coating was more effective at suppressing the degradation, possibly due to its uniformity and high conductivity.     

Fracture and Stiffness Characteristics of Particulate Composites of Diamond in Zinc Sulfide

Diamond particles have been embedded in hot-pressed zinc sulfide (ZnS) ceramic to improve various mechanical properties while preserving special optical properties. Roomtemperature mechanical tests on small specimens have shown that adding 10 wt% diamond to ZnS has no effect on the yield stress, but increases the tensile strength and the elastic moduli ∼20%, and increases the fracture toughness ∼100%. The doubling in fracture toughness can be explained by elastic interaction of the diamond particles with the crack-tip stress field. The results and the interpretation presented here are believed to represent a class of composite materials where both constituents are brittle but the dispersed phase has a much higher elastic modulus than the matrix.     

Effects of the Template Composition and Coating on the Photoluminescence Properties of ZnS:Mn Nanoparticles

Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals based on low dopant concentrations (0–2%) and coated with a shell of Zn(OH)₂ have been prepared via soft template and precipitation reaction. The results indicate that the ZnS:Mn nanocrystal is cubic zinc blende structure and its diameter is 3.02 nm as demonstrated by XRD. Measured by TEM, the morphology of nanocrystals is a spherical shape, and their particle size (3–5 nm) is similar to that of XRD results. Photoluminescence spectra under ultraviolet region shows that the volume ratio of alcohol to water in the template has a great effect on the luminescence properties of ZnS:Mn particles. Compared with unpassivated ZnS:Mn nanocrystals, ZnS:Mn/Zn(OH)₂ core/shell nanocrystal exhibits much improved luminescence and higher absolute quantum efficiency. Meanwhile, we simply explore the formation mechanism of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals in alcohol and water system and analyze the reason why alcohol and water cluster structures can affect the luminescent properties of nanoparticle.     

Field-assisted sintering and phase transition of ZnS-CaLa2S4 composite ceramics

In the present study, zinc sulfide (ZnS) and calcium lanthanum sulfide (CaLa₂S₄, CLS) composite ceramics were consolidated via field-assisted sintering of 0.5ZnS-0.5CLS (volume ratio) composite powders at 800–1050 °C. Through sintering curve analyses and microstructural observations, it was determined that between 800 and 1000 °C, grain boundary diffusion was the main mechanism controlling grain growth for both the ZnS and CLS phases within the composite ceramics. The consolidated composite ceramics were determined to be composed of sphalerite ZnS, wurtzite ZnS and thorium phosphate CLS. The sphalerite-wurtzite phase transition of ZnS was further demonstrated to be accompanied by the formation of stacking faults and twins in the ceramics. It was also found that the addition of the CLS phase improved the indentation hardness of the ceramics relative to pure ZnS by homogeneous dispersion of ZnS and CLS small grains.     

Enhanced optical properties of ZnS–rGO nanocomposites for ultraviolet detection applications

In this research, fabrication and characterization of ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on zinc sulfide–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite with the focus on the wurtzite structure of zinc sulfide was carried out. The nanoparticles of ZnS were synthesized using chemical deposition method and annealed at 500?°C under flow of argon. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that ZnS with the wurtzite phase was formed at 500?°C. Here, rGO as a unique material with similar properties to graphene such as high electron transport was used in order to improve the optical properties of ZnS. For this purpose, rGO was added to ZnS with three different weight percentages of 5, 10 and 15. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZnS nanoparticles were well placed in rGO sheets. The UV–visible spectra of the synthesized composites showed that with increasing rGO in composite, light absorption is increased. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra also showed that with increasing the percentage of rGO the generation of electron-hole in composite was increased and PL peak was enhanced. The effect of elevated generation of electron-hole pairs was apparent in optoelectrical properties of fabricated UV detectors based on the sample with higher concentration of rGO in composite. For this sample, the response time was decreased to 310 ms, and the sensitivity to UV irradiation was increased by 7.7 times.     

Composite polymeric particles with ZnS shells

We report on a preparation of hybrid particles with polymeric cores and ZnS shells. Two types of monodisperse sterically stabilized polystyrene particles with hydroxyl-terminated PEG chains (PS/PEGMA) or β-diketone groups (PS/AAEM) on the surface have been prepared and characterized. Formation of ZnS layer on the surface of submicron particles has been studied by SEM and EDX. Deposition of ZnS on the surface of PS/PEGMA particles is not uniform and leads to formation of ‘raspberry’ morphology with rough surface. It has been found that presence of β-diketone groups on the particle surface leads to formation of well-defined ZnS layers. It has been assumed that such effect is due to the complexation of Zn cations by β-diketone groups leading to nucleation and growth of ZnS crystals on the polymer particle surface. Polymeric particles were completely covered with ZnS if the loaded amount of inorganic material was higher then 40 wt%. The thickness of ZnS layer on the particle surface can be easily varied by changing the ZnS load (in present study maximal thickness of the ZnS shell was 70 nm). It has been found that increase of the ultrasound power leads to considerable increase of the ZnS deposition on the particle surface without strong changes of the particle morphology. Hybrid particles have been investigated with XRD technique and their optical properties were studied by UV-spectroscopy. The colloidal stability of obtained particles was studied by separation analyser. Sedimentation experiments indicate that colloidal stability of obtained composite particles depends strongly on loaded ZnS amount and pH value of the aqueous medium. It has been found that highest sedimentation velocities (or maximum of instability) were determined by ZnS loads, which provide complete coverage of the particle surface. Increase of the ZnS layer thickness led to better stability of hybrid particles in aqueous medium.     

Synthesis of Controlled Spherical Zinc Sulfide Particles by Precipitation from Homogeneous Solutions

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) powders have been obtained by precipitation from homogeneous solutions of various zinc salt compounds, with S^2- as precipitating anion, formed by decomposition of thioacetamide. Spherical particles with a very narrow size distribution can be obtained by controlling the synthesis parameters. The particle sizes are influenced by the nature of the associated anion. For example, nanometer-sized ZnS particles are formed using acetate or acetylacetonate anions under acidic pH conditions, controlled by the addition of acetic acid. Although the nucleation is accelerated by the use of acetic acid, limited particle growth occurs because of the formation of complexes with zinc cations that lowers the concentration of free cations in the solution. Also, the complexing-attachment phenomena of the ZnS particles with acetate and acetylacetonate anions lead to the arrest of particle growth processes. The presence of complexed Zn²⁺ species in the acidic solution is demonstrated both theoretically, using a model based on the calculations of the solubility isotherms of the soluble species, and by Fourier-transform infrared techniques. The nanostructured ZnS particles may provide a suitable semiconductor nanocluster material for optoelectronic applications as well as a phosphor suitable for application in flat-panel display technology.     

Effect of Diamond Dispersion on the Superplastic Rheology of Zinc Sulfide

The dispersion of diamond particles in superplastic zinc sulfide produces flow softening at low diamond concentrations, and hardening at high concentrations. The minimum in the flow stress is observed at 5 wt% (5.5 vol%) diamond content. The softening can be explained in terms of the grain refinement in the ZnS in the presence of diamond particles. The smaller grain size is shown to reduce the flow stress by enhancing the rate of diffusional creep. The hardening is believed to have been caused by the formation of a network among the diamond particles at high concentrations. The fact that the diamond particle size was approximately onethird the grain size of ZnS may have contributed to the network formation.     

Enhanced dielectric response of ternary polymeric composite films via interfacial bonding between V2C MXene and wide-bandgap ZnS

Increasing the dielectric constant of polymer/sulfide ceramic composites by using wide-bandgap semiconducting sulfide ceramic fillers like ZnS is difficult because of their low interface polarization. To increase the dielectric constant, in this study, ternary polymer-based composite films were designed and fabricated using a hybrid filler consisting of shell-like ZnS particles and core-like V₂C MXene particles. First, V₂C MXene with a multi-layered structure was synthesized from the simplest raw materials followed by the in-situ hydrothermal growth of ZnS particles around the V₂C particles. Then, binary polymer/ZnS and ternary polymer/V₂C–ZnS composites were fabricated, and their dielectric, conductive, and electrical breakdown properties were investigated. Finally, the effect of interfacial bonding between the V₂C and ZnS phases was investigated by density functional theory calculations, and the contribution of V₂C/ZnS interfacial bonding to the higher dielectric constant of the ternary composites than that of the binary composites was explained. The ternary composites exhibited balanced electrical properties suitable for energy storage applications. The ternary composite with 10 wt% hybrid filler loading exhibited a high dielectric constant of ~52, a low dielectric loss of ~0.11 at 100 Hz, and a high electrical breakdown strength of ~202 MV m⁻¹. This study paves the way for the facile fabrication of high-performance composite dielectrics for application in advanced capacitors.