均匀沉淀法制备AI／ZnS复合粒子

介绍了以硫代乙酰胺(TAA)和乙酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]为主要原料，在片状铝粉表面包覆一层ZnS，制备出包覆式复合粒子Al／ZnS，改变母粒子Al粉的加入量及反应温度，确定制备包覆完全致密复合粒子的最佳条件，通过SEM、XRD及粒度测试等分析方法对复合粒子进行表征。     

Al/TiO2超细复合粒子制备研究

利用均匀沉淀法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体水解制备TiO2,在液相中包覆于片状金属铝粉表面,复盖金属表面光泽,形成包覆完全致密的Al/TiO2超细复合粒子。研究复合粒子制备的多种影响因素及以最佳制备条件,并进行扫描电镜(SEM)及电子能谱(INCA)表证。     

Mn掺杂ZnS量子点的合成及其水溶性修饰

利用苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物对疏水性的Mn掺杂的ZnS量子点(ZnS:Mn QDs)进行包覆,得到了发光效率更好的水溶性量子点复合物(QDs-NIP)。用紫外分光光度计(UV-vis),荧光分光光度计(PL)和红外分光光度计(FTIR)对其进行结构及光学的表征。结果发现,红外光谱图证明我们成功合成了量子点、共聚物的复合纳米粒子,且其水溶后的复合纳米粒子仍能拥有高的发光效率;我们得到的高发光效率,水溶性好的ZnS:Mn QDs为后续的细胞成像,生物传感,细胞标记等打下了好的基础。     

Al/NiO复合粒子的制备与表征

以N i(NO3)2.6H2O和CO(NH2)2为主要原料,通过均匀沉淀法,90℃恒温12 h,异相成核,在片状金属铝粉表面包覆一层N i2CO3(OH)2,制备出包覆式复合粒子A l/N i2CO3(OH)2。将复合粒子在马弗炉中400℃恒温灼烧2 h,制备出了A l/N iO复合粒子。通过SEM、XRD及粒度测试等分析方法,对复合粒子的形貌、晶体结构及粒径进行了表征。     

表面处理对PP/Al2O3性能与结晶的影响

为了改善无机粒子在聚合物基体中的分散性与相容性 ,采用 2种表面处理方法 :硅烷偶联剂KH5 70表面处理Al2 O3粒子得到烷基化粒子 ;另外在此基础上采用溶液聚合法在烷基化Al2 O3粒子表面进行MMA与单体的接枝聚合 ,制备PMMA包覆Al2 O3复合粒子Al2 O3-g -PMMA。采用XPS、IR研究烷基化粒子与复合粒子表面结构 ,同时通过无机粒子直接填充法与PP基体复合获得Al2O3/PP复合材料并研究其力学性能与结晶行为     

包覆ZnS对ZnS:Mn发光性质的影响

采用溶剂热法制得ZnS∶Mn,并采用Larmer法,在ZnS∶Mn表面包覆不同量,不同层数的ZnS。利用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),荧光光谱(PL)对ZnS∶Mn/ZnS复合材料的结构,形貌及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,包覆对ZnS∶Mn结构没有影响,但随着包覆比和包覆层数的增加,XRD衍射峰逐渐向左偏移。包覆量和包覆层数对ZnS∶Mn/ZnS复合材料的发光性能有很大的影响,呈现出先增大,后降低的趋势。文中对所制备材料的结构、形貌及发光性能进行了讨论。     

表面处理对PP／A12O3性能与结晶的影响

为了改善无机粒子在聚合物基体中的分散性与相容性．采用2种表面处理方法：硅烷偶联剂KH570表面处理Al2O3粒子得到烷基化粒子；另外在此基础上采用溶液聚合法在烷基化Al2O3粒子表面进行MMA与单体的接枝聚合，制备PMMA包覆Al2O3复合粒子．Al2O3-g-PMMA。采用XPS、IR研究烷基化粒子与复合粒子表面结构．同时通过无机粒子直接填充法与PP基体复合获得Al2O3／PP复合材料并研究其力学性能与结晶行为。     

EP/ZnS纳米复合材料的制备及紫外老化性能的研究

采用水热法制备了环氧树脂(EP)包覆的纳米ZnS,并将其与EP复合制备了EP/ZnS纳米复合材料.研究了ZnS含量对复合材料紫外吸收及透射性能的影响,同时研究了不同紫外线照射时间下试样的热失重情况.结果表明,EP/ZnS纳米复合材料在300～350 nm波长范围内的紫外吸收可达90%以上,具有很强的紫外吸收性;当紫外线照射时间为36 h时,ZnS的加入可以提高EP的抗紫外性,且ZnS含量越多,抗紫外性越强.     

Al@GAP复合粒子对LLM-105热分解性能的影响

为防止铝粉在存储中氧化失活,同时为含铝炸药配方设计提供借鉴,采用聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)对不同尺寸Al粉(平均粒径分别为50nm和1~2μm)进行包覆改性,获得Al@GAP复合粒子;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其形貌;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对不同质量比的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的热分解过程进行了研究。结果表明,采用两步包覆法获得了不同尺寸Al粉表面包覆GAP的核壳结构复合粒子;相较于包覆前的微米级Al粉,加入GAP包覆的纳米Al粉后混合体系的热分解峰温明显降低;当Al粉质量分数大于10%时,GAP包覆后的(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的熵变(ΔS~≠)和焓变(ΔH~≠)较Al/LLM-105混合体系有所减小;(Al@GAP)/LLM-105混合体系的活化能、热爆炸临界温度及热力学参数ΔS~≠和ΔH~≠随纳米Al粉含量的增加而降低,当Al粉质量分数为30%时,较LLM-105分别降低4kJ/mol、3℃、4.3J/(mol·K)、4.2kJ/mol。     

化学沉积法制备镍包覆PS—AA复合粒子

采用悬浮聚合法制备的PS-AA共聚微球为核,通过化学沉积法,制备了Ni包覆PS-AA复合粒子,研究了分散剂、反应温度、微球加入量等对复合粒子形貌的影响,采用SEM、XRD对复合粒子的形貌及晶型特征进行了表征.研究表明:分散剂的使用有利于复合粒子的形成及包覆效果的提高;较低的反应温度有利于致密包覆层的形成,但反应速度较慢;温度升高,反应加剧,微球表面的金属层疏松易脱落;相同的反应体系,随着微球加入量的增加,复合粒子表面包覆金属层从致密均匀到包覆不完整;复合粒子表面包覆的是晶态的单质镍.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.