快速原形件铸模在运输中的最低包装需求分析

鉴于快速原形件在运输中需要大量包装成本,借用其原数模通过采用ANSYS软件进行它的受力与变形分析,再根据分析结果确定危险截面,在包装材料的安放时尽量使构件避开这些地方.在确保在运输途中不容易损坏构件的前提下,找到包装成本的最低需求.     

果蔬气调包装计算机辅助设计方法研究

目的为提高果蔬气调包装的设计效率,对果蔬气调包装CAD方法进行研究。方法在建立果蔬气调包装数学模型、果蔬产品呼吸速度及塑料薄膜透气性数据库的基础上,利用Matlab GUI开发果蔬气调包装CAD系统,并进行实例研究。结果系统界面清晰,操作简便。可根据产品的理想气调环境参数,选择合适的薄膜材料,计算有利于气体交换的塑料薄膜面积或厚度。果蔬产品呼吸速度数据库包含17种果蔬呼吸速度模型,塑料薄膜透气性能数据库包含21种塑料薄膜材料的透气性数据。结论该系统可快速进行常见果蔬产品的气调包装设计。     

Modeling the forced-air cooling process of fresh strawberry packages,Part II: Experimental validation of the flow model

The aim of this study was to validate a previously developed mathematical model for predicting the airflow behavior within individual packages of strawberries (clamshells) during forced-air cooling applications. The model was validated by using a non-intrusive flow measurement technique (PIV). The use of PIV required the development of a simplified transparent system that reproduces the packaging structure of typical retail clamshells. The validation was achieved by comparing the velocity field predicted by the model within this system against experimental data. The model not only predicted the main flow features, but also the location of steep acceleration within the packed structure voids. This work shows that, assuming that the momentum transport can be decoupled from the transport of energy and mass during forced-air cooling applications, the steady-state Navier–Stokes equations can accurately predict the airflow within individual clamshells of strawberries.     

产品包装设计综合评价AMC模型探究

在论述属性数学综合评价模型的基础上,建立了一种多级多因素综合评价方法,并将其应用于产品包装设计综合评价.应用表明,属性数学综合评价模型方便、有效,克服了模糊综合评判中分级不清、结果不合理的问题.     

Production scheduling across multi-machine packaging lines for the pre-scheduling level

Scheduling packaging lines in the process industry is a well known hard problem. The problem becomes even more complicated when each line consists of several machines and an order has to be manufactured on different lines. In this paper we consider the case where a number of orders has to switch from one line to another. This means that an order-run is sometimes manufactured first on the first part of a line and then has to switch to the second part of another packaging line. In this situation the second part of the first line and the first part of the second line cannot be used simultaneously for another run. This situation is studied for the case of the tobacco company Royal Kabat BV. In order to solve the complicated planning problem, the process is partitioned into a Pre-scheduling Level (PSL) and a Scheduling Level (SL). At the PSL an aggregated plan for a number of successive weeks is made that takes care of the purchasing of packaging materials and the balancing of the capacities. The PSL plan for the current week is the input for the SL at which the actual packaging schedule for that week is made, including the allocation of orders to lines. In this paper we concentrate on the PSL, and our main purpose is to describe the complicated model building process. The model is solved by means of an improvement heuristic on the solution of an LP-relaxation of the model. The computational results show that our partitioning of the problem into a PSL and an SL yields a practically solvable mathematical model; its solutions (i.e. PL plans) are usable for the SL planning and result in practically useful schedules.     

Assessment of insulating package performance by mathematical modelling

A mathematical model has been developed in the present work to describe the temperature change in a typical insulated shipping container as a function of time. The model was created by combining steady state and transient models in a 2D geometry of a typical shipping container and was subsequently validated by an ice melt test and comparison of temperature change obtained from the model and experimental measurement. An excellent agreement was obtained between the computational model developed in this work and experimental results. In addition, a parametric study was also carried out to investigate various factors in controlling the insulation performance of the packaging. It was found that the model has capability of evaluating the effect of a wide range of packaging design parameters such as thermal conductivity, surface emissivity, packaging geometry, and sounding temperature.     

木制品包装容器CAD（Ⅱ）—框架木箱CAD

提出的木制品包装容器ＣＡＤ软件包能使传统的木箱设计实现程序化、自动化，本软件采用“菜单模块”形式，层次分明，中文提示，操作简单方便，可根据产品的特性及要求设计出既节省材料又满足运输条件的包装木箱。     

筒子纱包装自动整列系统的设计与实现

目的 筒子纱的自动化包装是提高纺织自动化程度的重要手段,其中筒子纱的自动整列装袋是将筒子纱从离散到整包的关键,为了实现筒子纱的自动整列装袋,提出并设计一套筒子纱自动整列系统。方法 在控制方面,以西门子S7-1200系列PLC为控制核心,分析功能实现的顺序流程,采用TIA portal v14软件进行程序编写;在机械设计方面,根据工艺要求,设计一种带有吊臂的新型筒纱自动整列装置。结果 该系统能够在横、纵、竖等3个方向协同工作,并对筒子纱进行自动化整列,且具有一定的缓存功能。结论 该系统适用于大部分的筒纱自动包装生产线,可大幅提高筒子纱包装效率。     

属性数学模型在包装装潢设计方案中的应用

简述属性数学模型，并将其应用于包装装潢设计方案的综合评价，建立了一种新的综合评价包装装潢质量的方法，应用表明属性数学模型更合理。     

Faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures

Abstraction techniques are indispensable for the specification and verification of the functional behaviour of programs. In object-oriented specification languages like Java Modeling Language, a powerful abstraction technique is the use of model classes, that is, classes that are only used for specification purposes and that provide object-oriented interfaces for essential mathematical concepts such as sets or relations. Although the use of model classes in specifications is natural and powerful, they pose problems for verification. Program verifiers map model classes to their underlying logics. Flaws in a model class or the mapping can easily lead to unsoundness and incompleteness. This article proposes an approach for the faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures provided by the theorem prover of the program verifier at hand. Faithfulness means that a given model class semantically corresponds to the mathematical structure it is mapped to. This approach enables reasoning about programs specified in terms of model classes. It also helps in writing consistent and complete model-class specifications as well as in identifying and checking redundant specifications.     

弹药斜装条件下包装箱参数优化设计研究

目的 为了优化弹药包装尺寸设计,提高超长弹药包装装载和运输的效率。方法 以铁路运输过程中超长弹药包装的斜装运输为研究对象,分析弹药包装箱和车厢几何尺寸之间的数学关系,以构建斜装运输时车厢允许的弹药包装的最大长度、最小长度、最大宽度随斜装角变化的数学模型。基于该模型,可以对包装箱参数进行优化,以实现铁路车厢最大装载量。并以某型车厢为例,利用MATLAB对该数学模型进行分析计算。结果 得到了给定车厢尺寸条件下,弹药包装相关参数随斜装角的变化规律。结论 利用建立的数学模型可确定适合铁路车厢斜装的弹药包装的尺寸系列,为弹药包装的优化设计和高效装载运输提供了理论依据。     

基于数据增强的滚动轴承智能故障诊断方法

目的 针对包装机械设备中滚动轴承应用场景多且有效故障数据难采集而导致的智能诊断方法诊断准确率较低的问题,提出一种基于数据增强的滚动轴承智能诊断方法.方法 首先根据轴承振动信号的故障特征,提出一种数据增强方法,有效扩充训练数据样本多样性.然后采用卷积神经网络对原始样本和增强样本进行故障诊断训练,从而大幅度提高诊断模型的诊断性能.为了验证所提方法的有效性,建立滚动轴承故障试验台并采集轴承故障数据.结果 实验结果表明,在标签训练样本不充足的情况下,提出的方法与不使用数据增强方法相比,模型在诊断准确率方面取得了较大的提高,能够准确地识别各类轴承故障.结论 该方法实现了准确地对稀缺标记样本下滚动轴承故障的诊断,为保证包装机械滚动轴承故障诊断的诊断精度提供了可靠的方法.     

计算机技术在金属包装抗腐蚀性能分析中的应用

在分析金属包装材料的抗腐蚀性能中引入计算机技术，建立包装材料表面的腐蚀特性及分布情况的数学模型，给出了计算机包装材料表面的腐蚀特征参数的算法。利用该方法得出的腐蚀指准确可靠，避免人工目测方式的误差和缺陷，为金属包装的选材提供依据。     

快速锁合型纸盒封装机构设计与仿真分析

目的为了实现对快速锁合型纸盒的封装,设计能够完成该型纸盒端盖封装的工艺流程。方法运用机构末端作用点对纸盒底结构理想运动轨迹拟合的方法,并结合ADAMS与MATLAB进行联合仿真分析。结果确定了耳板翻折机构和盖板引导机构设计方案,并加以优化,得到了针对特定尺寸的快速锁合型纸盒封装机构的空间连杆尺寸。通过对机构的运动学仿真分析,建立了快速锁合型纸盒封装机构末端运动轨迹数学模型。结论运动学仿真和数学模型分析结果显示,所选取的空间连杆尺寸和机构偏角能够较好地满足对应结构尺寸纸盒的封装要求,为快速锁合型纸盒装盒机整体的设计与实现奠定基础。     

面向多点卸货的箱柜类货物的装箱策略研究

目的为解决箱柜类大件货物装箱过程中存在的效率低下、物流成本高的问题,对箱柜类货物的装箱问题展开研究。方法以功能沙发为例,分析箱柜类货物装箱的常见约束条件,搭建含有体积、重量、摆放方向、装箱顺序的约束的货物码放数学模型,提出一种改进遗传学算法用于数学模型的求解。结果以45件功能沙发的实际数据进行装箱实验,结果表明算法得出的装载方案合理,在满足箱柜类货物装箱约束的条件下,对货箱的空间利用率达到75%以上。结论算法对箱柜类大件货物的装箱能够快速得出合理的装箱方案,为复杂情况下货物的装箱提供了一条解决思路。     

缓冲包装分析软件开发

建立了各类缓冲包装系统在不同加速度脉冲激励下的统一的动力学模型，开发了缓冲包装分析系统应用软件。只要输入有关冲击、材料和产品特征参数，便可方便地显示缓冲包装的冲击响应。本软件为优化缓冲包装设计提供了有力工具。     

某型号锂电池全纸化包装件跌落仿真分析

目的 验证锂离子电池全纸化运输包装件的防护性能。方法 依据锂离子电池的产品特性、流通环境以及包装防护等多方面要求，选用合适的纸质包装材料得到全纸化的包装方案，选用仿真分析软件对包装件进行跌落模拟，得到其应力、应变等相关数据。结果 由跌落仿真分析可知，最大应力出现在外壳上盖凸台位置，其应力值为346.06 MPa，超过外壳最大许用应力值(325 MPa)，外壳发生破损。锂电池包装件跌落时，外壳等效应力值为1.211 MPa，仿真得到的应力值均未超过材料的许用应力，不会发生损坏。结论 该包装结构能够在运输过程中吸收大部分的冲击能量，能很好地保护内部产品不受损伤，具有良好的防护性能。     

The dynamic behaviour of stacked shipping units during transport. Part 1: model validation

This paper deals with the dynamic behaviour of stacked packaging units when subjected to vertical vibrational inputs as experienced in transport vehicles. Although the vibrational performance of single‐unit packaging systems has been thoroughly studied, the behaviour of stacked packaging units is not fully understood. The complexity of the problem is compounded when the effects of vertical restraints are taken into account. The paper presents the development of a numerical computer model designed to predict the dynamic response of stacked package systems when subjected to vertical vibrational excitation. Provisions have been made to account for the effects of vertical restraint tension and stiffness. In addition, a physical model representative of a generic stacked packaging system has been developed to assist in validating the numerical model. The paper includes results from preliminary experiments in which the frequency response functions of the models were evaluated and compared. The validity of the numerical model in the time domain was tested using random burst excitation signals. These preliminary experiments reveal that, when the effects of frictional damping are taken into account, the numerical model can be used to generate reasonably accurate predications of the dynamic behaviour of the equivalent physical system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

包装纸盒盒型参数化设计应用程序的开发与实现

为了提高包装纸盒盒型的设计效率,在Pro/E应用软件的基础上,利用其自带的二次开发工具Pro/TOOLKIT,采用对话框资源文件设计技术、程序源文件设计技术和程序注册运行技术,完成了包装纸盒盒型参数化设计应用程序的开发,实现了包装纸盒盒型的参数化设计.