基于甘草配伍黄芩同时泡沫分离甘草酸和黄芩苷

为了同时分离甘草中有表面活性的甘草酸和黄芩中无表面活性的黄芩苷,开发了甘草配伍黄芩泡沫分离工艺。通过荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和红外吸收光谱分析表明,甘草酸与黄芩苷存在相互作用,并且甘草黄芩配伍强化了甘草酸和黄芩苷的提取。以甘草酸和黄芩苷的富集比和回收率为评价指标,当温度为40℃、气体体积流量为100 ml·min^-1、甘草酸初始浓度为0.2 g·L^-1、甘草黄芩质量比为3：1时,获得甘草酸的富集比和回收率分别为11.0和73.5%,黄芩苷的富集比和回收率分别为5.8和38.5%。通过甘草与黄芩配伍,利用泡沫分离获得黄芩中的黄芩苷。同时,与单独泡沫分离甘草中甘草酸相比,甘草酸的富集比提高了194.9%,回收率提高了23.3%。因此,甘草配伍黄芩能有效泡沫分离甘草酸和黄芩苷。     

C16、C18混合脂肪酸分离技术研究进展

C16、C18混合脂肪酸中含有很多经济价值很高的组分,若能将这些组分分离出来加以利用,将极大地提高混合脂肪酸的利用价值,因此研究C16、C18混合脂肪酸的分离技术具有非常重要的意义。本文介绍了减压精馏、低温结晶、尿素包合、银离子络合、生物酶催化法等C16、C18混合脂肪酸分离方法在近十年来的研究进展,并分析了各种分离方法的优缺点和适用范围。减压精馏可以有效地将混合脂肪酸分离成C16组分与C18组分,但该法的主要问题是加热易使不饱和组分变质。尿素包合法最常用来分离C16、C18混合脂肪酸中的饱和组分与不饱和组分,目前对该法的研究主要集中在工艺条件的优化与改善。生物酶催化法选择性高、反应条件温和、绿色环保,目前已被用来分离α-亚麻酸以及γ-亚麻酸且效果良好。最后展望了C16、C18混合脂肪酸分离技术的发展前景,指出两种或多种分离方法组合以及生物酶催化法将是未来的发展趋势。     

Foam separation and precipitate flotation. The problem of surfactant recovery and reuse

An experimental investigation is presented on the recovery of cationic [dimethyl-benzyldodecylammonium bromide (DMBDA-Br)] and anionic [sodium dodecyl-benzylsulphonate (Na-DBS)] surfactants from foam separation and precipitate flotation concentrates. DMBDA-Br was recovered and reused fr m the concentrate of foam separation of perrhenates with recovery of over 90% by applying coacervation by potassium thiocyanate. Na-DBS was recovered and reused from the concentrate of precipitate flotation of copper hydroxide with recovery over 90% by applying precipitation with dodecylbenzylsulphonic acid from solution of concentrate dissolved in sulphuric acid at pH range from 1.0 to 2.5. Recovered surfactants were found efficient for subsequent flotation processes.     

The application of superconducting magnetic separation in copper-moly separation

The influence of magnetic matrices, magnetic field intensity, secondary and three section superconducting magnetic separation on the separation was studied in this paper. The magnetic field and flow field characteristics of elliptic cross-section matrix were studied in the elliptic coordinate system. The motion equations of the magnetic particles were derived. The tests results show that molybdenum concentrate with Mo grade of 7.4% and recovery of 43.6%, copper concentrate with Cu grade of 33.0% and recovery of 93.5% could be obtained, which verified the feasibility of separating copper-molybdenum by superconducting magnetic separation.     

保康磷矿石的重介质分选

保康磷矿白竹矿区条带状磷块岩矿石,利用TRI—FLO重介质分选机二次分选,可以分选出高质量的磷精矿和废弃的脉石尾矿,节省了磨矿费用。重介质选的中矿与—1mm矿泥用磷酸、氧化石蜡皂反浮选,可得到P_2O_529.45％,MgO1.06％,作业收率89.95％的浮选精矿。重—浮联合流程的混合磷精矿P_2O_531.78％,收率88.28％。     

水合物法分离混合物技术研究进展

综述了水合物生成法在溶液浓缩和混合气分离两大领域的研究进展。分析表明,水合物法在海水淡化、生物工程、油样分离等溶液分离过程均表现出了一定的应用价值,但仍存在浓缩液夹带、分离效率较低或分离压力高等问题而未能实现工业化应用。针对混合气的分离,与单独水合分离过程相比,包含有水合物生成的吸收-水合和吸附-水合双机制耦合分离技术表现出了气体处理量大、分离效率高、或可实现连续气体分离等优势。但与它们相关的一些基础性问题如水合物浆液的实际流动特性、水合物晶粒与多孔介质之间的作用关系等,需要进一步的研究或确认。在此基础上,对这些分离过程的继续研究给出了参考意见：溶液浓缩分离过程可着眼于开发更有效的水合物生成促进剂或耦合其他分离技术等;混合气分离方面可以在寻找更有效的水合物生成促进剂、明确采用乳液体系分离所得水合物浆液的实际流动特性、揭示采用含水多孔介质分离所得不同相之间的作用机制等方面展开。     

中低品位磷矿富集的新方法--干式电选法

研究了中低品位磷矿富集的新方法—干式电选法的试验情况。试验结果表明 ,按照推荐的电选流程分选入选品位大于 2 0 %的中品位磷矿获得的磷精矿可满足湿法磷酸的用料要求 ,而分选入选品位为 14 .75 %的低品位磷矿获得的磷精矿可满足磷肥或钙镁磷肥的用料要求。     

烷基羟肟酸浮选胶磷矿与白云石的性能研究

本文研究了螯合捕收剂——烷基羟肟酸(AH)对胶磷矿与白云石纯矿物的分选性能,揭示了捕收剂用量、pH、浮选温度、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+及HPO42-对浮选性能的影响;羟肟酸实际矿物浮选,获得了P2O5品位31.16%,回收率90.73%,MgO品位1.26%的精矿指标。     

利用双水相乙醇-磷酸氢二钾体系萃取甘草有效成分的研究

研究了基于与水互溶的普通有机溶剂的双水相萃取体系 ,并考察不同种类盐分相能力的差异情况 ,根据分相后有机溶剂相的体积变化 ,选择乙醇 (EtOH) 磷酸氢二钾 (K2 HPO4)体系萃取甘草有效成分。确定萃取的最佳条件是 :当双水相体系的总量为 10mL ,V(EtOH)∶V(H2 O)=3∶2 ,磷酸盐的质量为 1 5 g ,在上述条件下 ,EtOH K2 HPO4体系的两相分配完全 ,分配系数(K)最大为 12 80 ,收率 (Y)高达 98 3%。     

无压给料三产品重介质旋流器内物料切向速度对分选效果的影响

在无压给料三产品重介质旋流器分选过程中,由于物料的切向速度可能会滞后于重悬浮液的切向速度,致使精煤受矸石污染;为此提出了防止原料煤结团、提高入料切向速度、设置布料锥等解决措施;同时分析了工作压力和给料量对精煤带矸的影响。     

植物副产物浸出分离氧化型锰银矿的研究

介绍了利用植物副产物（秸秆、粮食加工副产壳类等）作为还原剂还原浸出氧化型锰银精矿中的锰、浸锰渣氰化浸银的锰银分离工艺。玉米秸秆还原浸锰条件：秸秆粉在95 ℃预降解糖化0.5 h、降解糖化液与精矿的体积质量比为3 mL/g、硫酸与锰的物质的量比为1.4、秸秆与精矿的质量比为0.275、95 ℃浸出5 h,在此条件下锰的浸出率约92%。浸锰渣氰化浸银条件：每吨浸锰渣氰化钠用量为3 kg、常温浸银3 h,在此条件下银的浸出率达到92.20%。研究的锰银分离工艺具有较好的综合效果。     

微流体液固分离

引言 随着微机电系统技术快速发展,液固分离技术作为微流体系统重要的基础技术之一,越来越受到人们的重视.     

单宁酸-多巴胺涂覆制备染料分离用纳滤膜

通过单宁酸及聚多巴胺涂覆,制备了单宁酸(TA)-聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳滤膜,同时评价了改性膜对刚果红、伊文思蓝、活性嫩黄等染料的分离性能。结果表明,改性后膜表面粗糙度略微增大,亲水性明显增强。同时,改性膜具有水下超疏油的性质,能够完全抵抗水下油污的污染。2wt% TA-PVDF纳滤膜对多种染料的截留率能达到96.5%以上,且对刚果红、伊文思蓝、活性嫩黄等染料的截留通量都超过65.7 L/(m2?h?bar)。另外,改性膜在染料分离时截留通量基本不变,稳定性较强,在工业染料废水处理方面有一定的应用前景。     

提高硫酸尾渣磁选铁精粉品位的方法

介绍硫酸尾渣磁选制取铁精粉的不同生产工艺;瑞和化肥有限公司13万t/a硫铁矿制酸装置,利用其尾渣的矿尘生产铁精粉的工艺流程及提高铁精粉品位及产率的措施,使铁精粉产量从200t/d提高到300t/d,w(Fe)从53%提高到58%,w(S)从0.9%降到0.3%,获得较好的经济效益.     

疏水亲油分离膜的润湿性研究进展

疏水亲油分离膜通过透过油相、截留水相而实现油水分离过程，它具有绿色、高效、易于工业放大等特点，在环境保护、水处理、有机液体分离与回收等领域具有广阔的应用前景，已成为膜科学与技术领域的研发热点。本文回顾了润湿方程的发展历史，介绍了表面润湿性和孔径的协同作用对膜分离过程的影响，讨论了疏水亲油分离膜的设计策略，包括在低表面能材料的表面构建粗糙或微纳米结构和使用低表面能材料对粗糙表面进行疏水改性。最后，对疏水亲油分离膜的发展趋势进行了展望，今后需进一步完善表面浸润理论，开发易于工业生产的制膜方法，探究疏水亲油分离膜对复杂油水混合物（如高黏度、多组分）的分离效果。     

应用射流浮选柱分选微细煤泥的试验研究

介绍了细粒煤分选技术的发展现状和射流浮选柱具有的浮选速度快、分选精度高、综合性能显著优于传统机械搅拌式浮选机的特点。试验表明 ,在精煤灰分相近的情况下 ,射流浮选柱浮选微细煤泥的精煤产率明显高于机械搅拌式浮选机 ;在精煤产率相近的情况下 ,前者的精煤灰分比后者的低 2 0 %～ 3 0 %。     

煤基碳分子筛的制备及CH4/N2分离性能研究

以煤为原料,通过气相碳沉积法制备了CH4/N2变压吸附分离用碳分子筛,研究了苯沉积量对碳分子筛吸附性能的影响。用液氮吸附（77 K）、扫描电镜对碳分子筛孔结构及表面形貌进行了表征,结果表明：制备的碳分子筛（CMS-1）平衡分离系数大于5,比表面积SBET=251.5 m2/g,微孔孔容Vm=0.1178 mL/g,孔径主要分布在0.35~2 nm,能满足CH4/N2变压吸附分离要求。     

Extraction of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Glabridin from Licorice

The extraction and separation conditions of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from licorice were investigated. By changing the different extraction solvents, procedures, times and temperature, the optimum extraction condition was established: the used of ethanol/water (30:70, v/v) as an extraction solvent, and 60 min dipping time under 50°C. The extracts of licorice were separated and determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a methanol/water (70:30, v/v, containing 1% acetic acid) as the mobile phase. Under the optimum extraction condition, 2.39 mg/g of glycyrrhizic acid and 0.92 mg/g of glabridin were extracted from Chinese licorice and the recoveries were 89.7% and 72.5% respectively.     

葛根汤的薄层色谱鉴别法研究

以葛根中葛根素,麻黄中麻黄碱,甘草中甘草酸作为定性鉴别的依据成分,研究了葛根汤的薄层色谱行为,考察了展开系统、薄层板厚度、展开温度、检测方法和样品的分离纯化方法等对制剂薄层色谱的影响情况,建立了葛根汤的薄层色谱鉴别方法,本法操作简便,专属性高,重现性好。     

The hydrophilization process for the separation of fatty materials

Fats and derivatives of fats consist of mixtures of components differing in chain length and saturation. Apart from the fractional distillation, several methods exist for the separation which are based on the different melting-point and solubility behavior of these components. Modern separation processes use recrystallization from organic solvents, press or filtration methods. The hydrophil process uses an entirely different approach. A mixture of solid and liquid fatty material, for instance, tallow fatty acid, is treated with an aqueous solution of surfaceactive substances. The liquid fatty acids are removed from the surface of the fatty acid crystals and emulsified in the aqueous phase. The crystals are hydrophilized so that they leave the oil phase and completely enter the aqueous phase, where they are suspended. In a solid-bowl centrifuge the aqueous solution, containing the suspended crystals of stearic acid, is separated from the oleic acid phase. The stearic acid is recovered by heating the aqueous suspension above the melting point. The composition and concentration of the sufactants, the salt content and the volume of the aqueous phase, the crystallization performance of the fatty material, and the apparatus design are important in the efficiency of the separation. The composition of the components is besed on the phase diagram which controls iodine number, melting or cloud point of the oleic and stearic acid in relation to the separation temperature. The stearic and oleic acid is practically identical with the expeeted composition from the phase-diagram readings. This separation principle can be used for fatty acids, fatty alcohols, or fats. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, May, 1967.