FB3-F银钎剂去膜机理

研究了由H₃BO₃、K₂B₄O₇和KF（质量比为7:10:3）3种组分配制而成的银钎剂的去膜机理。结果表明：在700 ℃时,K₂B₄O₇或KF都不能单独去除Q235钢板表面的氧化膜,且KF会加快高温下钢表面的氧化速率;H₃BO₃能够去除Q235钢表面的氧化膜,然而其反应产物具有明显的非晶结构特征,并且流动性差。此外在700 ℃时,H₃BO₃与KF能够发生反应,其反应产物可以去除钢表面氧化膜。KF和K₂B₄O₇之间也能在700 ℃发生类似的反应,然而其反应产物非常坚硬。因此,在700 ℃时,H₃BO₃、K₂B₄O₇和KF混合钎剂能够与Q235钢板表面氧化膜反应,且反应产物具有明显的非晶特征。KF的加入将非反应性H₃BO₃-K₂B₄O₇二元体系转化为反应性KF-H₃BO₃-K₂B₄O₇三元体系。在这个三元体系中,KF不但对钢板没有腐蚀性,反而促进了氧化膜的去除。     

基于基团贡献法估算(富锂)锂离子电池正极材料Li1+ xM 1- x O2 的热力学性质

富锂Li_1+xM_1-xO₂材料的研究主要集中在其结构和电化学性能上,而很少关注其热力学性能。开发具有高能量密度和容量的新型富锂材料取决于这种材料的结构、热力学性质和电化学性质之间的固有关系。对富锂材料Li_1+xM_1-xO₂的热力学性质了解不足,使得新型Li_1+xM_1-xO₂材料的开发和利用受到限制。鉴于Li_1+xM_1-xO₂材料缺乏热力学数据,根据基团贡献方法的原理对LiAlO₂进行拆分。基于热力学原理,提出了用于估计LiAlO₂的ΔG^θ_f,298、ΔH^θ_f,298和C_p的数学模型。采用基团贡献法估算了56种固体无机化合物的ΔG^θ_f,298和ΔH^θ_f,298以及54种固体无机化合物的C_p,298,以检验该模型的可靠性和适用性。利用基团贡献法估算了固体无机化合物的数学模型。利用基团贡献法拟合的基团参数选择的实验数据准确可靠。在结果令人满意的基础上,建立了用于估算3种类型的Li_1+xM_1-xO₂材料的ΔG^θ_f,298,ΔH^θ_f,298和C_p的数学模型,并估算了63种常见Li_1+xM_1-xO₂材料的ΔG^θ_f,298、ΔH^θ_f,298和C_p,298。     

磁致涡流效应对化成铝箔Al2O3-TiO2复合膜结构及性能的影响

以TiCl₄为前驱体溶液,通过磁场辅助电沉积法在腐蚀箔表面形成具有高介电常数的Al₂O₃-TiO₂复合氧化膜。系统研究了磁致涡流效应（MHD效应,Magnetohydrodynamics）对电解液中离子扩散行为及Al₂O₃-TiO₂复合氧化膜结构与性能的影响规律。采用XRD能谱、扫描电镜SEM以及EDS能谱等手段对氧化膜晶相、表面/截面形貌以及Ti元素分布进行表征。结果表明,随着磁感应强度B的增强,电解液中Ti⁴⁺向箔面及蚀孔内的扩散速率增大,复合膜层中锐钛矿型TiO₂含量提高,且其在箔面及蚀孔内部分布均一性提升。另外,氧化膜阳极升压曲线、Tafel极化曲线及交流阻抗曲线的分析结果表明,MHD效应提高了复合氧化膜介电常数,减少了阳极氧化阶段的形成电量,对应的化成箔比电容增大至58.29 μF/cm²,较之无MHD制备的Al₂O₃-TiO₂化成箔,其形成电量减少了24.6%,比电容增加了10.1%。     

AZ91D合金表面铈转化膜成膜工艺及其耐腐蚀性的研究

  通过正交试验确定了AZ91D 镁合金在CeCl₃H₂O₂体系中的最佳成膜条件.利用扫描电镜对转化膜进行形貌观察和成分分析,利用浸泡集气和电化学方法了膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,在最佳成膜条件下,形成的膜层均匀、致密.在3.5% NaCl溶液和0.15 mol/L H₃BO₃/0.05 mol/L Na₂B₄O₇缓冲溶液中的动电位极化测试表明,最佳条件下铈盐转化处理可使合金的腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度明显降低,起到一定的防护作用.     

包埋法制备NiAl涂层NiCrW基高温合金的抗氧化性能

以CaCl₂为活化剂,采用包埋法在NiCrW基高温合金表面制备了NiAl涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对涂层表面和横截面进行了分析。结果表明,CaCl₂可以替代NH₄Cl,是一种有效的活化剂。在950 ℃下,通过4 h的包埋渗铝,制备出几乎为单相、厚度为30 μm的NiAl涂层,涂层与基体之间为富铬中间层。当包埋渗剂填充率小于100%时,NiAl层表面生成针状θ-Al₂O₃。在1000 ℃恒温空气氧化试验中,NiAl涂层开始时被高速氧化,然后逐渐变为缓慢氧化,完成了亚稳态针状θ-Al₂O₃向稳态不规则颗粒状α-Al₂O₃的转变,最终稳定的α-Al₂O₃为基体提供了良好的抗氧化保护。     

高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术制备纳米级ZrO2薄膜的高耐腐蚀性

高质量的金属氧化物薄膜在航天航空、海洋船舶等极端环境下的关键部件有着广泛的应用需求,但传统制备技术易导致薄膜疏松多孔,产生空隙裂纹等缺陷,高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术(HiPIMS)已被证明是一种有效制备无空洞和无弧滴致密薄膜的有效方法。通过 HiPIMS 技术在不锈钢表面制备超薄致密 ZrO₂ 薄膜,重点研究不同 O₂流量下耐腐蚀性能的调控规律。 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、纳米压痕仪(Nano Test P3)、电化学设备(CS300)等对 ZrO₂薄膜的表面形貌、物相结构、力学性能、耐腐蚀性能等方面进行研究。研究结果显示, 在 O₂流量为 40 mL/ min 时,ZrO₂ 薄膜的纳米硬度 H 最高为 26.38 GPa,弹性模量 E 为 290.9 GPa;同时,在电化学腐蚀试验中,其自腐蚀电流密度 I_corr达到 45.802 pA / cm² ,与 304L 不锈钢相比降低了 4 个数量级;电化学阻抗谱(EIS)显示,随 O₂流量的增加,容抗弧半径、低频区阻抗值和相角均随之不断增大,进一步表明 O₂ 流量为 40 min / mL 制备薄膜的耐腐蚀性能最优。通过 HiPIMS 技术能够制备出高质量的 ZrO₂ 薄膜,其高耐腐蚀性对基体起到了强效的防护作用,对防腐薄膜的研究和应用具有一定参考价值。     

La0.4Sr0.6Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3- δ -Gd0.2Ce0.8O2- δ 应用于可逆固体氧化物电池对称电极

为制备一种高催化性的对称型固体氧化物电池电极,采用一步法合成了La_0.4Sr_0.6Co_0.7Fe_0.2Nb_0.1O_3-δ-Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O_2-δ（LSCFN-GDC）。以LSCFN-GDC为电池阳极和阴极,La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.83Mg_0.17O_3-δ（LSGM）为电解质,采用流延和丝网印刷工艺制备了结构为LSCFN-GDC||LSGM||LSCFN-GDC的电解质支撑型固体氧化物电池。分别采用固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）及固体氧化物电解池（SOEC）2种模式对对称电池性能进行了测试。在850 ℃测试温度下,分别采用湿H₂（3% H₂O）、H₂（0.01% H₂S）、CH₄和C₃H₈为燃料气,电池最大功率密度分别为1.036、0.996、0.479和0.952 W/cm²,电解H₂（50% H₂O）时,1.3 V电解电压下电池电流密度为0.943 A/cm²。LSCFN-GDC具有良好的耐积碳、抗硫和氧化还原稳定性能,能够在湿H₂（0.01% H₂S）、CH₄、H₂（3% H₂O）及H₂（50% H₂O）环境中稳定运行700 h。实验结果表明,一步合成法是一种简便而优化的电极制备方法,LSCFN-GDC||LSGM||LSCFN-GDC固体氧化物电池（SOC）具有广阔的应用前景。     

ZrB2-玻璃陶瓷复合材料氧化分析

对ZrB₂-玻璃陶瓷复合材料氧化行为进行热力学分析,对氧化形成的氧化层进行物相分析和显微结构分析。结果表明：在1000°C-1400°C的反应温度范围内,ZrB₂氧化生成ZrO₂,B₂O₃玻璃相,氧化产物ZrO₂与SiO₂反应生成ZrSiO₄,当温度低于1177°C(1450K)时,氧化层主要包括ZrO₂,B₂O₃玻璃相,ZrSiO₄。当氧化温度超过1177°C(1450K)时,B₂O₃玻璃相蒸发,此时SiO₂玻璃相具有良好的流动性,氧化层主要包括ZrO₂,SiO₂玻璃相,ZrSiO₄。氧化过程中的反应产物B₂O₃玻璃相,ZrSiO₄和流动性良好的SiO₂玻璃相,均对氧气向基体的扩散均起到了良好的阻碍作用。     

从吸附角度观察Mg-Ca合金中Mg2Ca和 α-Mg的氧化：DFT研究

基于DFT计算O₂在α-Mg（0001）和Mg₂Ca（0001）上的吸附过程,以探明Mg-Ca合金中的α-Mg和Mg₂Ca氧化机理。结果表明,在吸附过程中,O₂与α-Mg和Mg₂Ca有很强的相互作用,且均为化学吸附,但Mg₂Ca的吸附结构不如α-Mg的吸附结构稳定。在氧化过程中,O₂与α-Mg和Mg₂Ca中的Ca和Mg原子发生反应,形成Mg-Ca-O氧化膜,从而提高Mg-Ca合金的抗氧化性。但Mg₂Ca的吸附结构稳定性比α-Mg差,因此Mg₂Ca形成的氧化膜对基体的保护作用比α-Mg弱。     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.